1,203 research outputs found
Collinear N\'eel-type ordering in partially frustrated lattices
We consider two partially frustrated S = 1/2 antiferromagnetic spin systems
on the triangular and pentagonal lattices. In an elementary plaquette of the
two lattices, one bond has exchange interaction strength () whereas all other bonds have exchange interaction strength unity. We show
that for less than a critical value , collinear
N\'eel-type ordering is possible in the ground state. The ground state energy
and the excitation spectrum have been determined using linear spin wave theory
based on the Holstein-Primakoff transformation.Comment: Four pages, LaTeX, Four postscripts figures, Phys. Rev. B58, 73
(1998
Critical Exponents of the Classical 3D Heisenberg Model: A Single-Cluster Monte Carlo Study
We have simulated the three-dimensional Heisenberg model on simple cubic
lattices, using the single-cluster Monte Carlo update algorithm. The expected
pronounced reduction of critical slowing down at the phase transition is
verified. This allows simulations on significantly larger lattices than in
previous studies and consequently a better control over systematic errors. In
one set of simulations we employ the usual finite-size scaling methods to
compute the critical exponents from a few
measurements in the vicinity of the critical point, making extensive use of
histogram reweighting and optimization techniques. In another set of
simulations we report measurements of improved estimators for the spatial
correlation length and the susceptibility in the high-temperature phase,
obtained on lattices with up to spins. This enables us to compute
independent estimates of and from power-law fits of their
critical divergencies.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figures (not included, available on request). Preprint
FUB-HEP 19/92, HLRZ 77/92, September 199
Dust Grain-Size Distributions From MRN to MEM
Employing the Maximum Entropy Method algorithm, we fit interstellar
extinction measurements which span the wavelength range 0.125-3 micron. We
present a uniform set of MEM model fits, all using the same grain materials,
optical constants and abundance constraints. In addition, we are taking
advantage of improved UV and IR data and better estimates of the gas-to-dust
ratio. The model fits cover the entire range of extinction properties that have
been seen in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. The grain models employed
for this presentation are the simplistic homogeneous spheres models (i.e.,
Mathis, Rumpl, & Nordsieck 1977) with two (graphite, silicate) or three
(graphite, silicate, amorphous carbon) components. Though such usage is only a
first step, the results do provide interesting insight into the use of grain
size as a diagnostic of dust environment. We find that the SMC Bar extinction
curve cannot be fit using carbon grains alone. This is a challenge to the
recent observational result indicating little silicon depletion in the SMC.Comment: 24 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical
Journa
Growth hormone treatment in growth-retarded adolescents after renal transplant
Growth failure is a psychosocial problem for many patients who have undergone renal transplantation. 18 adolescents (mean age 15 6, range 11·3-19 5) with severe growth retardation after renal transplantation were treated with biosynthetic growth hormone (GH) for 2 years. All received prednisone, administered daily or on alternate days, with azathioprine and/or cyclosporin A. 16 were blindly assigned to one of two GH doses (4 vs 8 IU per m2 per day). Growth, bone maturation, renal graft function, plasma insulin-like growth factors, serum binding proteins, and other biochemical parameters were checked regularly. Glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were tested with 125I-Thalamate and 131I-Hippuran. Data on growth and glomerular filtration rate during GH treatment were also compared with those of matched non-GH-treated controls. Mean (standard deviation) increment in height after 2 years of GH was 15·7 (5·1) cm, significantly greater (p25% reduction in glomerular filtration rate over 2 years was not significantly higher in GH-treated patients than in non-GH-treated controls (39% vs 32%, p=0·97). Although a few patients had deterioration of graft function, we could not find a relation with GH treatment. Our results show that sustained improvement of height can be achieved with GH in severely growth-retarded adolescents after renal transplantation
Rare coding SNP in DZIP1 gene associated with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease
We present the first application of the hypothesis-rich mathematical theory
to genome-wide association data. The Hamza et al. late-onset sporadic
Parkinson's disease genome-wide association study dataset was analyzed. We
found a rare, coding, non-synonymous SNP variant in the gene DZIP1 that confers
increased susceptibility to Parkinson's disease. The association of DZIP1 with
Parkinson's disease is consistent with a Parkinson's disease stem-cell ageing
theory.Comment: 14 page
Retroperitoneal Castleman's tumor and paraneoplastic pemphigus: report of a case and review of the literature
BACKGROUND: Castleman's disease is a rare lymphoproliferative syndrome. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unclear. The disease can be occasionally associated with a paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), an autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder commonly seen in neoplasms of lymphocytic origin. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 63-year old male patient who was referred for surgical treatment of a lately diagnosed retroperitoneal pelvic mass. The patient had been already treated for two years due to progressive diffuse cutaneous lesions histologically consistent with lichen ruber verucosus and pemphigus vulgaris. Intraoperatively a highly vascularized solid mass occupying the small pelvis was resected after meticulous vascular ligation and hemostasis. After surgery and following immunosuppressive treatment a clear remission of the skin lesions was observed. CONCLUSION: Castleman's tumor should be always suspected when a retroperitoneal mass is combined with PNP. In a review of the literature we found 37 additional cases. Complete surgical resection of the tumor can be curative in most of the cases
Line-profile tomography of exoplanet transits -- II. A gas-giant planet transiting a rapidly-rotating A5 star
Most of our knowledge of extrasolar planets rests on precise radial-velocity
measurements, either for direct detection or for confirmation of the planetary
origin of photometric transit signals. This has limited our exploration of the
parameter space of exoplanet hosts to solar- and later-type, sharp-lined stars.
Here we extend the realm of stars with known planetary companions to include
hot, fast-rotating stars. Planet-like transits have previously been reported in
the lightcurve obtained by the SuperWASP survey of the A5 star HD15082
(WASP-33; V=8.3, v sin i = 86 km/sec). Here we report further photometry and
time-series spectroscopy through three separate transits, which we use to
confirm the existence of a gas giant planet with an orbital period of 1.22d in
orbit around HD15082. From the photometry and the properties of the planet
signal travelling through the spectral line profiles during the transit we
directly derive the size of the planet, the inclination and obliquity of its
orbital plane, and its retrograde orbital motion relative to the spin of the
star. This kind of analysis opens the way to studying the formation of planets
around a whole new class of young, early-type stars, hence under different
physical conditions and generally in an earlier stage of formation than in
sharp-lined late-type stars. The reflex orbital motion of the star caused by
the transiting planet is small, yielding an upper mass limit of 4.1 Jupiter
masses on the planet. We also find evidence of a third body of sub-stellar mass
in the system, which may explain the unusual orbit of the transiting planet. In
HD 15082, the stellar line profiles also show evidence of non-radial
pulsations, clearly distinct from the planetary transit signal. This raises the
intriguing possibility that tides raised by the close-in planet may excite or
amplify the pulsations in such stars.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA
Vertex-corrected perturbation theory for the electron-phonon problem with non-constant density of states
A series of weak-coupling perturbation theories which include the
lowest-order vertex corrections are applied to the attractive Holstein model in
infinite dimensions. The approximations are chosen to reproduce the iterated
perturbation theory in the limit of half-filling and large phonon frequency
(where the Holstein model maps onto the Hubbard model). Comparison is made with
quantum Monte Carlo solutions to test the accuracy of different approximation
schemes.Comment: 31 pages, 15 figures, typeset in ReVTe
Intermediate temperature dynamics of one-dimensional Heisenberg antiferromagnets
We present a general theory for the intermediate temperature (T) properties
of Heisenberg antiferromagnets of spin-S ions on p-leg ladders, valid for 2Sp
even or odd. Following an earlier proposal for 2Sp even (Damle and Sachdev,
cond-mat/9711014), we argue that an integrable, classical, continuum model of a
fixed-length, 3-vector applies over an intermediate temperature range; this
range becomes very wide for moderate and large values of 2Sp. The coupling
constants of the effective model are known exactly in terms of the energy gap
above the ground state (for 2Sp even) or a crossover scale (for 2Sp odd).
Analytic and numeric results for dynamic and transport properties are obtained,
including some exact results for the spin-wave damping. Numerous quantitative
predictions for neutron scattering and NMR experiments are made. A general
discussion on the nature of T>0 transport in integrable systems is also
presented: an exact solution of a toy model proves that diffusion can exist in
integrable systems, provided proper care is taken in approaching the
thermodynamic limit.Comment: 38 pages, including 12 figure
Standardization and aerodynamics
Aerodynamics being a new science and not having the traditions
which burden the older sciences can easily be standardized and the methods of work adopted in the various laboratories
brought into line
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