13 research outputs found

    Development and validation of high-density SNP array in ducks

    Get PDF
    Development and validation of high-density SNP array in ducks. XIth European symposium on poultry genetics (ESPG

    A guinea fowl genome assembly provides new evidence on evolution following domestication and selection in Galliformes

    Get PDF
    The helmeted guinea fowl Numida meleagris belongs to the order Galliformes. Its natural range includes a large part of sub-Saharan Africa, from Senegal to Eritrea and from Chad to South Africa. Archaeozoological and artistic evidence suggest domestication of this species may have occurred about 2,000 years BP in Mali and Sudan primarily as a food resource, although villagers also benefit from its capacity to give loud alarm calls in case of danger, of its ability to consume parasites such as ticks and to hunt snakes, thus suggesting its domestication may have resulted from a commensal association process. Today, it is still farmed in Africa, mainly as a traditional village poultry, and is also bred more intensively in other countries, mainly France and Italy. The lack of available molecular genetic markers has limited the genetic studies conducted to date on guinea fowl. We present here a first-generation whole-genome sequence draft assembly used as a reference for a study by a Pool-seq approach of wild and domestic populations from Europe and Africa. We show that the domestic populations share a higher genetic similarity between each other than they do to wild populations living in the same geographical area. Several genomic regions showing selection signatures putatively related to domestication or importation to Europe were detected, containing candidate genes, most notably EDNRB2, possibly explaining losses in plumage coloration phenotypes in domesticated populations

    Is the meiofauna a good indicator for climate change and anthropogenic impacts?

    Get PDF
    Our planet is changing, and one of the most pressing challenges facing the scientific community revolves around understanding how ecological communities respond to global changes. From coastal to deep-sea ecosystems, ecologists are exploring new areas of research to find model organisms that help predict the future of life on our planet. Among the different categories of organisms, meiofauna offer several advantages for the study of marine benthic ecosystems. This paper reviews the advances in the study of meiofauna with regard to climate change and anthropogenic impacts. Four taxonomic groups are valuable for predicting global changes: foraminifers (especially calcareous forms), nematodes, copepods and ostracods. Environmental variables are fundamental in the interpretation of meiofaunal patterns and multistressor experiments are more informative than single stressor ones, revealing complex ecological and biological interactions. Global change has a general negative effect on meiofauna, with important consequences on benthic food webs. However, some meiofaunal species can be favoured by the extreme conditions induced by global change, as they can exhibit remarkable physiological adaptations. This review highlights the need to incorporate studies on taxonomy, genetics and function of meiofaunal taxa into global change impact research

    Tetraploidization of Immortalized Myoblasts Induced by Cell Fusion Drives Myogenic Sarcoma Development with DMD Deletion

    No full text
    Whole-genome doubling is the second most frequent genomic event, after TP53 alterations, in advanced solid tumors and is associated with poor prognosis. Tetraploidization step will lead to aneuploidy and chromosomic rearrangements. The mechanism leading to tetraploid cells is important since endoreplication, abortive cytokinesis and cell fusion could have distinct consequences. Unlike processes based on duplication, cell fusion involves the merging of two different genomes, epigenomes and cellular states. Since it is involved in muscle differentiation, we hypothesized that it could play a role in the oncogenesis of myogenic cancers. Spontaneous hybrids, but not their non-fused immortalized myoblast counterparts they are generated from, induced tumors in mice. Unstable upon fusion, the hybrid genome evolved from initial mitosis to tumors with a highly rearranged genome. This genome remodeling finally produced targeted DMD deletions associated with replicative stress, isoform relocalization and metastatic spreading, exactly as observed in human myogenic sarcomas. In conclusion, these results draw a model of myogenic oncogenesis in which cell fusion and oncogene activation combine to produce pleomorphic aggressive sarcomas

    Développement d'un panel de marqueurs SNP pour détecter l'hybridation entre la caille des blés et la caille japonaise

    No full text
    National audienceLa Caille des BlĂ©s (Coturnix coturnix) est une espĂšce migratrice couramment chassĂ©e en Europe. Des lĂąchers sont effectuĂ©s dans les pays oĂč cette pratique est autorisĂ©e afin de supplĂ©menter les populations naturelles de cette espĂšce. De rĂ©centes Ă©tudes ont prouvĂ© que certains individus de lĂąchers sont issus de l’hybridation avec la Caille japonaise (Coturnix japonica), espĂšce Ă©levĂ©e pour sa chair et ses oeufs. L’objectif de cet article est donc de proposer un jeu de marqueurs et une mĂ©thodologie statistique permettant de distinguer les individus C. coturnix des individus C. japonica et de leurs hybrides. A partir de donnĂ©es de sĂ©quençage issues de 20 C. japonica et 2 C. coturnix, 1.7 millions de SNP ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©tectĂ©s. Parmi ceux-ci, 192 marqueurs candidats ont Ă©tĂ© choisis comme potentiellement discriminants et testĂ©s sur des populations de rĂ©fĂ©rence. Comme attendu, la diffĂ©renciation gĂ©nĂ©tique estimĂ©e sur la base de ces marqueurs entre les deux espĂšces est forte (FST=0.80). Trente-deux marqueurs diagnostics de l’espĂšce ont pu ĂȘtre mis en Ă©vidence. Ils ont Ă©tĂ© inclus dans un panel de 96 marqueurs sĂ©lectionnĂ©s pour leur puissance statistique Ă  discriminer les individus des deux espĂšces. Un traitement statistique ad hoc a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© afin d’exploiter l’information produite par ce panel. Les rĂ©sultats de simulations indiquent que la mĂ©thode permet de distinguer les individus issus de rĂ©trocroisement jusqu’à la 3Ăšme gĂ©nĂ©ration avec un taux d’erreur d’assignation d’environ 1%. TestĂ©e sur des individus issus d’élevage, cette mĂ©thode dĂ©montre son utilitĂ© pour Ă©carter les individus issus d’hybridation. Cette mĂ©thode est un nouvel outil permettant de contrĂŽler le niveau d’introgression gĂ©nĂ©tique de C. japonica dans les populations naturelles de C. coturnix

    DĂ©veloppement d’une puce de gĂ©notypage haute densitĂ© 600K pour le canard commun et le canard de Barbarie

    No full text
    National audienceGenomic selection is widely used for genetic improvement of many plant and animal species. This evaluation method could potentially increase genetic gain in ducks for traits that cannot be measured on selection candidates (lethal, expressed in one sex only, or measured on hybrid duck for purebred selection). Implementation of genomic selection depends on the availability of genotyping tools, such as SNP chips, but so far none were developed neither for common duck (Anas platyrhynchos) nor Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata). This paper describes the assembly of the Muscovy duck genome (the common duck genome is already available), and the design of a 600K Thermo Fisher SNP chip. The common duck genome was used as reference for the assembly of the Muscovy genome: 3702 scaffolds were produced, with a N50 of 2.4 Mb. SNP were identified from sequence data: several Muscovy and common ducks populations (Rouen duck, Mallard duck, Pekin duck), were collected, and 50 samples were pooled independently for each population. After raw quality controls, 8.4 million SNPs and 12.2 million SNP were identified for Muscovy and common ducks respectively. Filters based on Minor Allele Frequence and genome coverage were used, and finally 343 950 SNP were kept for the common duck, and 331 241 SNP for the Muscovy duck.La sĂ©lection gĂ©nomique est aujourd’hui largement utilisĂ©e pour l’amĂ©lioration gĂ©nĂ©tique des animaux et des plantes. Chez le canard, cette mĂ©thode pourrait permettre d’amĂ©liorer le progrĂšs gĂ©nĂ©tique pour des caractĂšres non-mesurables sur les candidats Ă  la sĂ©lection (lĂ©taux, exprimĂ©s chez un seul sexe, ou mesurĂ©s sur l’hybride pour la sĂ©lection des lignĂ©es pures). MalgrĂ© l’intĂ©rĂȘt potentiel de l’utilisation de la sĂ©lection gĂ©nomique chez le canard, aucun outil moderne de gĂ©notypage n’est disponible pour les canards commun (Anas platyrhynchos) et de Barbarie (Cairina moschata). Cette Ă©tude dĂ©crit la finalisation de l’assemblage du gĂ©nome du canard de Barbarie, et la mise au point d’un outil de gĂ©notypage haut-dĂ©bit et haute-densitĂ© pour les 2 espĂšces : une puce 600K Thermo Fisher SNP. L’assemblage du gĂ©nome du Barbarie a permis d’obtenir 3702 scaffolds avec un N50 de 2,4 Mb. Les scaffolds ont ensuite Ă©tĂ© ordonnĂ©s en chromosomes, par alignement sur le gĂ©nome du canard commun. Pour l’identification des SNP, des pools (mĂ©langes) d’ADN de canards colvert, de Rouen, ainsi que de lignĂ©es commerciales de canards PĂ©kin et de Barbarie ont Ă©tĂ© sĂ©quencĂ©s. Les sĂ©quences ont Ă©tĂ© alignĂ©es sur les gĂ©nomes de rĂ©fĂ©rence correspondant. A l’issue des contrĂŽles sur la qualitĂ©, 8,4 et 12,2 millions de SNP avec une Minor Allele Frequency (MAF) ≄ 0,05 ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s pour le canard de Barbarie et pour le canard commun respectivement. Les SNP ont Ă©tĂ© filtrĂ©s afin de maximiser le nombre de marqueurs informatifs par population et d’assurer une bonne couverture du gĂ©nome. A l’issue de ces tris, 343 950 SNP d’une part et 331 241 SNP d’autre part ont Ă©tĂ© choisis pour les canards commun et de Barbarie
    corecore