Utilization of Electrolyte Solution in Nanotube Formation on Ti-6Al-4V Metal Alloy

Formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal did not occur homogeneously, so when it was coated with hydroxyapatite, it did not merge well. One of the factor that affected the inhomogeneously formed nanotube was the utilization of electrolyte solution. The research has been done to observe the effect of electrolyte solution in the formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy. Electrolyte solution that was used was ethylene glycol, HF, and NH4F with time variation of an hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour. Formation of nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was done using anodization process. The result showed that in HF electrolyte solution which was anodized for an hour ɑ and β phase that composed Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was formed, meanwhile when using electrolyte solution of ethylene glycol  + NH4F for 2 hours showed that there were pores that opened on Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy surface. Nanotube morphology on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V metal alloy was formed using electrolyte solution of ethylene glycol + NH4F which was anodized for 3 hours

Coating of Nanotube Ti6Al4V Alloy with Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan-Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) can be applied as a bone implant material. HAp was composited with chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and coated to Ti6Al4V to improve its biocompatibility. The composite HAp-chitosan-PVA coated to anodized and unanodized Ti6Al4V. Modification of the Ti6Al4V surface by anodizing was done using a 20 V voltage. The Ti6Al4V metal alloy was coated with a composite using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method with a voltage of 80 V. The coated composites in Ti6Al4V nanotubes and non-nanotubes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), corrosion test with potentiostat, and in vitro bioactivity test with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The XRD results showed a distinctive peak indicating that the composite comprises HAp and Ti. The SEM Ti6Al4V nanotube results show a pore size of 24 nm. The FTIR results show that there were functional groups of HAp, chitosan, and PVA. The corrosion rate on Ti6Al4V nanotubes without coating was greater than with coating. The In vitro bioactivity test showed that the decrease of Ca2+ Ti6Al4V nanotube concentration was faster compared to non-nanotube Ti6Al4V

Application of PAN/α-Fe2O3-Bentonite as A Photocatalytic Membrane for The Photodegradation of Methylene Blue

The intricate molecular structure of the dyes in wastewater makes it difficult to biodegrade, which could harm the environment. Currently, semiconductor-based photocatalytic methods are being developed to remove dyes from water. In this study, the α-Fe2O3-bentonite photocatalyst was synthesized by mechanical milling and immobilized in polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane by phase inversion. Analysis of the composition and surface morphology of the synthesized samples was carried out by FTIR, XRD, and EDX. The performance of the photocatalytic membrane was studied by investigating the removal of methylene blue (MB). Photocatalytic membrane with 2% α-Fe2O3-bentonite had the best performance in removing MB (10 ppm) that reached 99.84% at pH 11.5 with an irradiation time of 300 minutes under direct sunlight. The reuse cycle of the photocatalytic membrane was also carried out and the results showed that there is no significant change in the photodegradation efficiency after 3 cycles. Photocatalyst immobilization on PAN membranes is proven to overcome the post-recovery problem of photocatalysts and making easier to reuse. The photocatalyst membrane synthesized in this study can be used as an alternative for removing dyes from water

Emulsion and Ultrasonication in the Nanoencapsulation of Ibuprophen Coated with Polyblend of Poly(lactic Acid) and Poly (ε-Caprolactone)

Polyblend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone)(PCL) as coating of ibuprophen has been prepared. The encapsulation of ibuprophen in this study was carried out by emulsification and ultrasonication technique. The PLA used was synthesized with an average molecule weight (Mv) 9463 g/mol. Nanocapsules obtained were ranged between 480 to 950 nm. The optimum sonication time in the formation of nanocapsules was 60 minute. The efficiency and the size of nanocapsules increased with the increasing of sonication time. The nanocapsules efficiency at sonication time 30, 45, and 60 minutes were 4.514, 9.724, and 5.987 % respectively

DEGRADASI POLIBLEND POLI(ASAMLAKTAT-KO-ASAMGLIKOLAT) DENGAN POLI(ε-KAPROLAKTON) SECARA IN VITRO

 ABSTRACT  Polymer has many applications in human life, one of them is in the field of health. Polymer synthetics like polylactic acid (PLA), polyglycolic acid (PGA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) were kind of polyesters that is many used in field   of health. Many researchers have already made research about degradation of PLA, PGA, PCL, and PLGA. However, there is no one doing research about degradation of combination between this two polymers, one of them is polyblend of  PLGA and PCL. Polyblend were made of four compositions, that were PLGA(90:10):PCL 3:1, PLGA(75:25):PCL 3:1, PLGA(90:10):PCL 5:1, and PLGA(75:25):PCL 5:1. Degradation was carried out for eight weeks by using phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and incubation temperature of 37°C. Degradation of the polymer was observed by mass remained, and intrinsic viscosity. The result showed that composition PLGA(75:25):PCL 5:1 was the fastest in degradation compared to other compositions. It was showed by the decrease in mass until 89.06% and the change in intrinsic viscosity until 20.13%. Keywords: PLGA, PCL  

EMULSI DAN ULTRASONIKASI DALAM PEMBENTUKAN NANOENKAPSULASI IBUPROFENTERSALUTPOLIPADUAN POLI(ASAM LAKTAT) DENGAN POLI(ε-KAPROLAKTON)

EMULSI DAN ULTRASONIKASI DALAM PEMBENTUKAN NANOENKAPSULASI IBUPROFENTERSALUTPOLIPADUAN POLI(ASAM LAKTAT) DENGAN POLI(ε-KAPROLAKTON). Telah dibuat polipaduan poli(asam laktat) (PLA) dengan poli(ε-kaprolakton) (PCL) sebagai penyalut obat ibuprofen. Pembuatan nanoenkapsulasi ibuprofen dalam penelitian ini dengan cara mengkombinasikan teknik emulsifikasi dan ultrasonikasi. PLA yang digunakan adalah hasil sintesis dengan bobot molekul rata-rata (Mv) 9463 g/mol. Nanokapsul yang dihasilkan berkisar 480 hingga 950 nm. Waktu sonikasi yang paling baik dalam pembentukan nanokapsul adalah 60 menit. Efisiensi dan ukuran nanokapsul meningkat dengan meningkatnya waktu sonikasi. Efisiensi nanokapsul pada waktu sonikasi 30 menit, 45 menit dan 60 menit berurutan adalah 4,514, 9,724, dan 5,987 %

Analisis Hukum Standar Akreditasi Terhadap Sertifikat Halal Luar Negeri Perspektif Fatwa MUI Nomor 4 Tahun 2003 Tentang Standardisasi Fatwa Halal

Imported products in Indonesia have been highly developed and become people's needs such as food, cosmetics, medicines, and so on. There are so many imported products that attract the attention of consumers because of the rapid and easily accessible advances in technology and information for consumers. However, the large number of imported products that are distributed to various places in Indonesia are not in accordance with the regulations. Islam obliges its people to consume/use halal products and stay away from all unclean products. The problem is, how is the enforcement of halal certificates for imported products in Indonesia based on the MUI fatwa number 4 of 2003. This study uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach and analyzes literature sources related to this research. From the results of the author's research, it was found that many products had received halal certification from the country of origin but did not register them with the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency (BPJPH). So it can be concluded that imported products that are halal certified in the country of origin, if they have made adjustment cooperation with Indonesia, do not apply for halal certificates in Indonesia again, but register at the Halal Product Assurance Organizing Agency or abbreviated as BPJPH (which is under the auspices of the Ministry of Religion) to get a halal registration number to comply with the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) contained in the MUI Fatwa

Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-starch Polyblend

Polystyrene foam (PS) is a polymer that is widely used but not biodegradable. Therefore, PS-starch polyblend was developed. In this research the effect of glycerol as plasticizer was evaluated based on mechanical and thermal analyses. PS-starch polyblends were produced by mixing PS and starch solution with composition ratios of 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25, and 80:20 percent by weight. Polylactic acid (20%) was added as compatibilizer. The polyblends were analyzed its tensile strength, thermal properties, and density. The PS-starch polyblends were white opaque in color and fragile. The properties of tensile strength and density of the polyblends were in the range of that of pure PS. The tensile strength and density increases as PS constituents increasing with the best composition ratio of 80 PS to 20 of starch. Peak of glass transition and melting point seen a single on composition ration 80 PS to 20 of starch. Additional amount of glycerol did not affect the thermal property, but has caused a slight decrease in tensile strength and density

Kajian Penggunaan Carbon Black N990 sebagai Bahan Pengisi Kompon Karet Alam: Sifat Dinamik, Kestabilan Termal, dan Ketahanan Panas

The manufacture of vibration damping material from natural rubber (NR) required an increase in dynamic properties, thermal stability, and resistance to heat. Using the Carbon Black N990 as a filler in NR vulcanizates can potentially increase on these properties. This research aims to study the effect of using Carbon Black N990 on dynamic properties, thermal stability, and aging resistance to heat in NR vulcanizates. The dynamic properties of NR vulcanizates were determined by Rubber Process Analyzer (RPA), while the thermal stability properties were studied by TGA, and heat resistance was determined by the thermal aging test. The RPA test results showed that adding 50 phr Carbon Black N990 in the NR compound could increase the value of the complex shear modulus to 65%. Furthermore, the results of the TGA test showed that the thermal stability properties of unfilled NR vulcanizates were better than that of NR vulcanizates containing Carbon Black N990. Unfilled NR vulcanizates were heat stable up to 353oC, while NR vulcanizates containing 15, 30, and 50 parts per hundred rubber (phr) Carbon Black N990, respectively, were heat stable up to 348.1oC, 348oC, and 349oC. Based on the requirements of ISO 4632-1, it showed that the NR compound containing Carbon Black N990 has good heat resistance properties. The NR compound formula contains 30 phr Carbon Black N990 showing good dynamic properties and heat resistance in accordance with EN 15129 requirements so that it has the potential to be used as a vibration damping material for earthquake-resistant structures

PEMBUATAN DAN PENCIRIAN POLIPADUAN POLISTIREN-PATI

PEMBUATAN DAN PENCIRIAN POLIPADUAN POLISTIREN-PATI. Polistiren berbentuk gabus merupakan polimer yang banyak digunakan namun sulit terdegradasi. Oleh karena itu, pada percobaan ini dikembangkan polipaduan polistiren-pati, untuk mendapatkan polimer yang mudah terdegradasi. Pengaruh tambahan gliserol sebagai pemlastis juga diamati melalui analisis mekanik dan termal. Polipaduan polistirenpati dihasilkan dengan mencampurkan larutan polistiren dan larutan pati dengan perbandingan komposisi berat (%) 60:40, 65:35, 70:30, 75:25 dan 80:20. Sebanyak 20% poli(asam laktat) ditambahkan sebagai bahan pengkompatibel. Sifat polipaduan dianalisis dengan pengujian kuat tarik, berat jenis dan sifat termal. Polipaduan polistiren-pati yang dihasilkan berwarna putih keruh dan rapuh. Kuat tarik dan berat jenis polipaduan berada pada kisaran kuat tarik dan berat jenis polistiren. Kuat tarik dan berat jenis meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya komposisi polistiren dengan komposisi polistiren-pati terbaik 80:20. Puncak suhu transisi gelas dan titik leleh yang tunggal terlihat pada komposisi polistiren-pati 80:20. Pengaruh tambahan gliserol tidak teramati pada sifat termal, serta sedikit menyebabkan penurunan kuat tarik dan berat jenis