Adaptation of environmental data to national and sectorial context: application for reinforcing steel sold on the French market

Purpose: Environmental data for steel products are generally proposed at a continental or a global scale. The question we are tackling here is: does the fact that steel as a global market necessarily reduces the need for national data? Methods: In this study, the environmental impact of reinforcing steel sold in France is evaluated. To do so, a specific environmental inventory is adapted from Ecoinvent database. CML method is used for impact calculation and both methods "recycled content” as well as "end of life recycling approach” are tested. Results and discussion: This study shows that there is a specificity of reinforcing steel products sold in France compared to European value. It is due to the fact that reinforcing steel is mainly made with recycled steel as the market growth for construction product in France is limited allowing a very high recycled content. This result is not sensitive neither to the allocation method used for recycling (cut-off approach or system expansion) nor to transport distance and electricity country mix used. Conclusions: The result of this study can be used with confidence in every construction site work located on the French territory. Furthermore, the present study advocates for an adaptation of global database to local context defined by a specific industrial sector and a geographic region even for product such as steel that may be considered as a first approximation as a global produc

Odonata communities in an agricultural lowland in the South of France

Odonata communities were studied in an agricultural landscape where semi-natural habitat patches (pastures and woods, with a dense network of deep ditches) are embedded in a crop mosaic (cereals, irrigated maize). We compared species richness and diversity of aquatic plants and odonata in ditches surrounded by pastures or by crops. Ours results showed that this surrounding (pastures vs crops) has no effect on aquatic plant and odonata species richness and diversity. However, in cultivated areas water supply through irrigation and deep ditches with plant-covered borders could promote odonata species. High level of vegetation cover (particularly with Typha sp.) limited odonata richness and diversity. A rare species in Europe, protected and sensible to pollution, Coenagrion mercuriale, occurred in many ditches including those surrounded by crops, particularly those with an intermediate semi-aquatic vegetation cover. The regular maintenance of ditches, by limiting shrubs and trees height, keep them open and facilitate the dispersal of this little mobile species. Although irrigated crops seem to support a high level of odonata diversity, a new intensification of agricultural practices in this area by increasing the pollutant input and/or by converting pastures to crops could be detrimental to odonata communities and particularly to some species like Coenagrion mercurialeLes peuplements d'odonates ont été étudiés dans une plaine où se pratique une agriculture intensive (maïs irrigué notamment) mais où subsistent encore quelques éléments semi-naturels (prairies, bois et fossés). Nous avons comparé des fossés bordés de cultures avec ceux bordés de prairies en termes de diversité et de richesse spécifiques en plantes semi-aquatiques et en odonates. Il apparaît que l'environnement immédiat des fossés (prairies versus cultures) n'a pas d'influence sur la diversité et la richesse spécifique en plantes semi-aquatiques et en odonates. Toutefois en zone de cultures, l'apport d'eau par l'irrigation et des fossés profonds bordés de végétation, pourrait favoriser ces espèces d'odonates. Les odonates préfèrent nettement les fossés plutôt peu recouverts par de la végétation aquatique (notamment par Typha sp.). Une espèce considérée comme rare, protégée et sensible à la pollution, Coenagrion mercuriale, est présente y compris en zone de cultures. Elle affectionne surtout les fossés moyennement recouverts par la végétation semi-aquatique. L'entretien régulier par élagage des fossés, se traduisant par une faible hauteur des ligneux, limite la constitution de barrières à la dispersion de cette espèce peu mobile. Bien que les cultures irriguées semblent promouvoir la diversité en odonates, une nouvelle intensification des pratiques agricoles, notamment en accentuant les problèmes de pollution et /ou en supprimant des zones prairiales, pourrait affecter les conditions de vie des libellules comme Coenagrion mercuriale

TreeMatch : Un algorithme de placement de processus sur architectures multicœurs

Conférence ComPAR/RenPAR 2013National audienceDepuis quelques années, les clusters de nœuds NUMA à processeurs multi-cœurs deviennent très répandus. Programmer efficacement ces architectures est un réel défi compte tenu de leur hiérarchie complexe. Afin d'en tirer pleinement profit, il est nécessaire de prendre en compte cette structure de façon précise et d'y faire correspondre le schéma de communication de l'application. Ce faisant, les coûts de communication sont réduits et l'on observe des gains sur le temps d'exécution total de l'application. Nous présentons ici comment nous utilisons d'un côté le schéma de communication et de l'autre une représentation fidèle de l'architecture pour produire une permutation des processus d'une application donnée, permettant ainsi une réduction des coûts de communication

Matching communication pattern with underlying hardware architecture

International audienceMATCHING COMMUNICATION PATTERN WITH UNDERLYING HARDWARE ARCHITECTUR

Topology and affinity aware hierarchical and distributed load-balancing in Charm++

International audienceThe evolution of massively parallel supercomputers make palpable two issues in particular: the load imbalance and the poor management of data locality in applications. Thus, with the increase of the number of cores and the drastic decrease of amount of memory per core, the large performance needs imply to particularly take care of the load-balancing and as much as possible of the locality of data. One mean to take into account this locality issue relies on the placement of the processing entities and load balancing techniques are relevant in order to improve application performance. With large-scale platforms in mind, we developed a hierarchical and distributed algorithm which aim is to perform a topology-aware load balancing tailored for Charm++ applications. This algorithm is based on both LibTopoMap for the network awareness aspects and on TREEMATCH to determine a relevant placement of the processing entities. We show that the proposed algorithm improves the overall execution time in both the cases of real applications and a synthetic benchmark as well. For this last experiment, we show a scalability up to one millions processing entities

Anxiety following mild traumatic brain injury

Purpose/Objective: The goals of the present study were (1) to document the prevalence of anxiety-related disorders and anxiety symptoms at 4, 8, and 12 months post-injury in individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) while considering pre-injury history of anxiety disorders and (2) to verify whether the presence of anxiety in the first months following mTBI was associated with more symptoms present one year after the injury. Research Method/Design: One hundred and twenty participants hospitalized after an accident and having sustained mTBI were assessed at 4, 8, and 12 months post-accident with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and questionnaires assessing fatigue, irritability, perceived stress, cognitive difficulties, depression, insomnia, and pain. Results: At 4 months, 23.8% of participants presented with at least one anxiety-related disorder compared to 15.2% at 8 months and 11.2% at 12 months. Overall, 32.5% presented with at least one anxiety disorder over the first 12 months post-mTBI. Participants with a history of anxiety (20.5%) were significantly more anxious following their accident. Individuals who were anxious 4 months after the accident presented with more symptoms in different areas 12 months post-injury compared to non-anxious individuals. Conclusions/Implications: The present results highlight that anxiety should be evaluated and managed carefully as it appears to be a key factor in the persistence of other mTBI-related symptom

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Variation génétique chez l'épinette noire (Picea mariana) : relier l'expression génique à la diversité génétique

Les arbres doivent s'adapter aux variations climatiques afin de survivre aux changements saisonniers, et ce, de façon multi-annuelle. Plusieurs études ont montré qu'il y a de la variabilité génétique à l'intérieur des espèces et que cette variabilité aide les espèces à survivre et à s'acclimater à différents changements environnementaux. Vingt-quatre gènes potentiellement reliés à l'adaptation ont préalablement été identifiés chez l'épinette noire (Picea mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.). L'objectif de cette étude était d'acquérir des évidences du rôle potentiel de ces gènes dans l'acclimatation et l'adaptation en étudiant leur expression. Pour ce faire, l'expression des gènes sera étudiée au niveau spatio-temporelle (la variation de l'expression selon le stade physiologique la variation de l'expression selon le tissus) et aussi selon les différents génotypes. En général, il a été montré dans cette étude qu'il y avait beaucoup de variabilité dans l'expression des gènes candidats selon les tissus ou l'organe étudié, mais aussi selon le stade physiologique de l'arbre. Les gènes étaient exprimés majoritairement dans des tissus pouvant être reliés plus directement dans l'acclimatation et l'adaptation, par exemple la tige primaire. De plus, pour certains gènes, une interaction entre le génotype et le stade physiologique de l'arbre a été observée, c'est-à-dire que certains génotypes pourraient réagir dans le temps alors que d'autres le feraient moins