Problemas profesionales de la práctica docente en el aula de matemáticas

A través de situaciones relacionadas con la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de las matemáticas, se busca que los profesores participantes en el taller logren identificar y plantear problemáticas que son objeto de preocupación durante su práctica docente. Con este propósito y siguiendo principios del enfoque de la formación realista (Melief, Tigchelaar, Korthagen & Van-Rijswijk, 2010), se planifica una secuencia de actividades formativas para promover un ciclo reflexivo bajo el modelo ALaCT (Korthagen, 2001). Al tiempo que los participantes llevan a cabo las fases de reflexión, se facilitan referentes para definir el problema profesional. Durante el desarrollo del taller nos interesa percibir cómo va evolucionando el problema profesional que plantean y, cómo colaboramos en su comprensió

La formación de maestros reflexivos sobre su propia práctica y el estudio de clase

Analizamos cómo el Estudio de clase puede ser una herramienta eficaz para generar procesos de reflexión para y sobre la práctica educativa. Nuestra tesis es que: el estudio de clase es una herramienta útil para generar procesos reflexivos de los maestros sobre su desarrollo profesional en el aula. Para argumentar esta tesis exponemos una experiencia de formación con maestros de matemáticas afrodescendientes en formación continua realizada en Tumaco, Colombia, donde el estudio de clase jugó un papel protagónico como metodología que guiaba cada fase del curso. Concluimos mostrando cómo el Estudio de clase brinda elementos para el desarrollo de una mejor formación docente, en la línea de los desafíos que plantea la Unesco

Mediación Familiar en clave comparada: Argentina y México

The following article, entitled: “Family Mediation in comparative key: Argentina and Mexico”, analyzed the juridical norms related to family mediation in the Chaco Province, Argentina and Nuevo Leon State, Mexico. It was used the qualitative approach, based on the study, analysis, critical view, and comparison between the legislations of both States and theoretical scientific investigations indexed in vLex, Dialnet and Scopus to ensure the accuracy of the information. It was found that the juridical design established for family mediation not only obstructs its conception as a method to access to daily justice, but also the lack of specific regulations makes difficult to work with. From the comparative study, it was concluded the necessity of introducing juridical proceedings and good practice in the familiar mediation professional activity in the Mexican juridical system, especially the conception of the mandatory prejudicial mediation in family conflicts with children involved.El presente artículo, titulado: “Mediación Familiar en clave comparada: Argentina y México”, tuvo como objetivo analizar las disposiciones normativas vinculadas con la mediación familiar en la Provincia del Chaco, Argentina y el Estado de Nuevo León, México. Se siguió el enfoque cualitativo, basado en el estudio, análisis, crítica y comparación entre las legislaciones de ambos Estados y fuentes doctrinales obtenidas de vLex, Dialnet y Scopus para asegurar la veracidad de la información proporcionada. Se encontró que el diseño normativo previsto para la mediación familiar imposibilita que sea concebida como método para acceder a la justicia cotidiana, así como que carece de una regulación específica. Del estudio comparado, se concluyó la necesidad de incorporar cuestiones jurídicas y buenas prácticas en el ejercicio de la mediación familiar dentro del ordenamiento jurídico mexicano, sobre todo la concepción de la mediación prejudicial obligatoria en conflictos familiares con intervención de personas menores de edad

Dynamic and heterogeneous wireless sensor network for virtual instrumentation services

En el presente Trabajo Fin de Master se ha llevado a cabo el desarrollo de un sistema orientado a la adquisición de información sensorial, a través del uso de redes de sensores inalámbricas (WSN, del inglés Wireless Sensor Networks), de un sistema dinámico cuyo comportamiento se desea caracterizar. Para la gestión de la información de los sensores heterogéneos presentes en la red se han aplicado los conceptos de SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) a dicha red inalámbrica, de manera que cada uno de los sensores presentes en la red se trata como un servicio de medida. La arquitectura propuesta incorpora un mecanismo de "Plug & Play" para la reconfiguración dinámica de la red así como un proceso de composición de servicios que permite la creación de los denominados instrumentos virtuales a través de la asociación de diferentes sensores. Estos instrumentos virtuales agrupan las capacidades de varios sensores heterogeneos de forma que pueden ofrecer al usuario final información de alto nivel complementada con indicios de calidad de dicha información. Para la obtención de este sistema, las tareas que se han llevado a cabo en este trabajo han sido: se han realizado estudios previos de la utilizacion actual de las redes de sensores inalámbricas y de las arquitecturas SOA aplicadas a WSN. Se ha diseñado la arquitectura de la WSN más adecuada para esta sistema así como el mecanismo "Plug & Play" necesario para el descubrimiento de dispositivos y servicios. Se han estudiado y evaluado los criterios más adecuados para la agrupación de sensores para formar el instrumento virtual de forma automática y transparente. Por último, se ha evaluado la validez de la arquitectura propuesta por medio de su aplicación en un caso concreto en el campo de la logística, en particular, en la supervisión de artículos perecederos. Para ello, ha sido necesario diseñar y definir previamente los módulos de sofware necesarios para la implementación del sistema

Inferential revision in narrative texts:an ERP study

We evaluated the process of inferential revision during text comprehension in adults. Participants with high or low working memory read short texts, in which the introduction supported two plausible concepts (e.g., ‘guitar/violin’), although one was more probable (‘guitar’). There were three possible continuations: a neutral sentence, which did not refer back to either concept; a no revise sentence, which referred to a general property consistent with either concept (e.g., ‘…beautiful curved body’); and a revise sentence, which referred to a property that was consistent with only the less likely concept (e.g., ‘…matching bow’). Readers took longer to read the sentence in the revise condition, indicating that they were able to evaluate their comprehension and detect a mismatch. In a final sentence, a target noun referred to the alternative concept supported in the revise condition (e.g., ‘violin’). ERPs indicated that both working memory groups were able to evaluate their comprehension of the text (P3a), but only high working memory readers were able to revise their initial incorrect interpretation (P3b) and integrate the new information (N400) when reading the revise sentence. Low working memory readers had difficulties inhibiting the no longer relevant interpretation and thus failed to revise their situation model, and they experienced problems integrating semantically related information into an accurate memory representation

Optimización del Abonado Nitrogenado en el Melón (Cucumis Melo L.) Tipo Piel de Sapo

Spain is the fifth-largest producer of melon (Cucumis melo L.) and the second exporter in the world. To a national level, Castilla-La Mancha emphasize and, specifically, Ciudad Real, where is cultivated 27% of national area dedicated to this crop and 30% of melon national production. Melon crop is cultivating majority in Ciudad Real and it is mainly located in the Alto Guadiana, where the major aquifers of the region are located, the aquifer 23 or Mancha Occidental and the aquifer 24 or Campo de Montiel, both declared overexploited and vulnerable zones to nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. The problem is exacerbated because in this area, groundwater is the basic resource of supply to populations, and even often the only one. Given the importance of melon in the area, recent research has focused on the irrigation of melon crop. Unfortunately, scant information has been forthcoming on the effect of N fertilizer on melon piel de sapo crop, so it is very important to tackle in a serious study that lead to know the N requirements on the melon crop melon by reducing the risks of contamination by nitrate leaching without affecting productivity and crop quality. In fact, the recommended dose is often subjective and practice is a N overdose. In this situation, the taking of urgent measures to optimize the use of N fertilization is required. To do it, the effect of N in a melon crop, fertirrigated and on plastic mulch, was studied. The treatments consisted in different rates of N supply, considering N fertilizer and N content in irrigation water, so the treatment applied were: 30 (N30), 85 (N85), 112 (N112) and 139 (N139) Kg N ha-1 in 2005; 93 (N93), 243 (N243) and 393 (N393) kg ha-1 in 2006; and 11 (N11), 61 (N61), 95 (N95) and 148 (N148) kg ha-1 in 2007. A randomized complete-block design was used and each treatment was replicated four times. The results showed a significant effect of N on dry biomass and two patterns of growth were observed. On the one hand, a gradual increase in vegetative biomass of the plant, leaves and stem, with increasing N, and on the other hand, an increase of fruit biomass also with increasing N up to a maximum of biomass corresponding to the optimal dose determined in 90 kg ha-1 of N applied, corresponding to 160 kg ha-1 of N available for melon crop, since this optimum dose, the fruit biomass suffers a decline. A significant effect was observed in concentration and N uptake in leaf, steam, fruit and whole plant, increasing in all of them with increasing of N doses. Fast N uptake occurred from 30-35 to 70-80 days after transplanting, coinciding with the fruit development. The N had a clear influence on the melon yield, its components, skin thickness and flesh ratio. The melon yield increased, as the mean fruit weight and number of fruits per m2 with increasing N until achieve an above 95% of the maximum yield when the N applied is 90 kg ha-1 or 160 kg ha-1 of N available. When N exceeds the optimal amount, there is a decline in yield, reducing the mean fruit weight and number of fruits per square meter, and was also observed a decrease in fruit quality by increasing the skin thickness and decrease the flesh ratio, which means an increase in fruit hollowed with excessive N doses. There was a trend for all indexes of N use efficiency (NUE) to decline with increasing N rate. We observed two different behaviours in the calculation result of the NUE; on the one hand, all the efficiency indexes calculated with N applied and N available had an exponential trend, and on the other hand, all the efficiency indexes calculated with N uptake has a linear trend. The linear regression cuts the exponential curve, delimiting a range within which lies the optimum quantity of N. The N leaching as nitrates increased exponentially with the amount of N. The increase of N doses was affected on the N mineralization. There was a negative exponential effect of N available on the mineralization of this element that occurs in the soil during the growing season, calculated from the balances of this element. The study of N leaching for each N rate used, allowed to us to establish several environmental indices related to environmental risk that causes the use of such doses, a simple way for them to be included in the code of Best Management Practices

Design of a plan for the implementation of a quality management system based on the ISO 9001.2015 standard in the specialized services company in bovine reproduction, Cryogen Colombia ltda.

15 páginas.La aplicabilidad de un Sistema de gestión de calidad (SGC) en empresas ganaderas y de servicios en reproducción bovina es una herramienta aún desconocida, las normas sanitarias emitidas por el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario (ICA) contribuyen a una estandarización de procesos operativos, sin embargo, no aportan una guía para la mejora continua, la innovación, el enfoque al cliente y rentabilidad factores que golpean cada vez más fuerte a las empresas de este sector económico y llevan al cierre de muchas. El presente estudio se enfoca en un análisis descriptivo y exploratorio de la muestra de estudio seleccionada la cual corresponde a una empresa colombiana cuya razón social es Cryogen Ltda. Es una pequeña organización que integra servicios profesionales en reproducción bovina, venta de ejemplares y material genético, ha sido sostenible en los diez años de existencia, rentable e innovadora, con la velocidad en que surgen nuevas empresas competidoras en los últimos dos años ha mostrado un descenso en la rentabilidad, el número de clientes, y el posicionamiento. El estudio se desarrolló en tres fases, primero evaluación de contexto y diagnóstico actual, segundo análisis de puntos críticos para definir el alcance y por último el diseño de un plan para la implementación del SGC. Como resultado se concluye que requiere el diseño de un plan para una primera fase de implementación aplicando los puntos de la norma que se relacionan con la planificación. Se debe realizar una intensa labor de sensibilización, capacitación en la norma con cambios en la dirección.The applicability of a Quality Management System (QMS) in livestock and cattle breeding services is a still unknown tool, the sanitary norms issued by the Colombian Agricultural Institute (ICA) contribute to the standardization of operational processes, however, they do not provide a guide for continuous improvement, innovation, customer focus and profitability factors that strike companies in this economic sector increasingly hard and lead to the closure of many. The present study focuses on a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the selected study sample; the company Cryogen Ltda. It is a small organization that integrates professional services in bovine reproduction and sale of copies and genetic material, is a company that has been sustainable in the ten years of existence, profitable and innovative, however, with the speed at which Emerging new competing companies in the last two years have shown a decline in profitability, number of clients, and positioning. The study was developed in three phases, first evaluation of context and current diagnosis, second analysis of critical points to define the scope and finally the design of a plan for the implementation of the QMS. As a result, it is concluded that it requires the design of a plan for a first phase of implementation, applying the points of the norm that are related to the planning. There must be intense awareness-raising work, training in the standard with changes in managemen

Enseñanza de la artesanía como oficio familiar

64 Páginas.En esta investigación se abordaron tres generaciones de artesanos que conservan cien años de tradición artesanal. El proceso educativo realizado al interior de la familia es de carácter no formal transmitido de generación en generación por medio de la observación, imitación y guía como herramientas indispensables en la trasmisión del conocimiento y la cultura. La investigación se planteó como objetivo el conocimiento de las formas en que se lleva a cabo la formación de los artesanos, mediante la tradición oral como medio de transmisión de la cultura que se genera alrededor del tejido con la palma de iraca. Este es un estudio de caso con enfoque cualitativo, a través de una entrevista de corte descriptivo

Gamification as a methodology to promote motivation in elementary students

En la educación actual varios son los temas que preocupan a los miembros de la comunidad educativa, entre ellos se encuentra la influencia que tiene la motivación en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de los discentes. Es por ello, que, con el presente Trabajo Fin de Grado, se pretende conocer, a través de la aplicación de metodologías activas como es la gamificación, los efectos positivos de la innovación en la motivación intrínseca y extrínseca del estudiantado, personal docente y familias, dentro de un aula de primero de Educación Primaria. A lo largo de este trabajo se va exponiendo, de forma desglosada y analizada minuciosamente, el significado de cada uno de los términos de los que consta el título del mismo. En cada uno de los apartados se parte de la raíz del concepto para poder analizar cada una de sus vertientes y confluir en un punto común, contrastando las diferentes investigaciones. Para ello, se ha indagado y analizado la bibliografía existente sobre el tema en cuestión con el fin de poder diseñar una propuesta de intervención socioeducativa gamificada, “La Magia de Harry Potter”, centrada en un grupo específico de menores de un centro educativo público de la ciudad de Almería. Esta propuesta consiste en realizar cuatro misiones y una misión final, cada una de ellas constará de varias tareas que se llevarán a cabo durante las sesiones pertenecientes a cada materia gamificada, teniendo en cuenta los objetivos y contenidos didácticos curriculares correspondientes. Esta posible aplicación didáctica ha sido creada de forma globalizada, atendiendo a las áreas troncales de Educación Primaria según el Decreto 97/2015, por el que se establece el curriculum de Educación Primaria en la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía, a excepción del área de Primera Lengua Extranjera (inglés). Abstract: In today's education, there are several issues that concern members of the educational community, among them is the influence that motivation has on the teaching-learning process of students. That is why, with the present Final Degree Project, it is intended to know, through the application of active methodologies such as gamification, the positive effects of innovation on the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation of students, teaching staff and families , inside a first grade Primary Education classroom. Throughout this work, the meaning of each of the terms of the title is explained, broken down and carefully analyzed. In each of the sections we start from the root of the concept in order to analyze each of its aspects and come together in a common point, contrasting the different investigations. For this, the existing bibliography on the subject in question has been investigated and analyzed in order to design a proposal for a gamified socio-educational intervention, "The Magic of Harry Potter", focused on a specific group of minors from a public educational center in the city of Almería. This proposal consists of carrying out four missions and a final mission, each one of them will consist of several tasks that will be carried out during the sessions pertaining to each gamified subject, considering the corresponding curricular didactic objectives and contents. This possible didactic application has been created globally, attending to the main areas of Primary Education according to Decree 97/2015, which establishes the Primary Education curriculum in the Autonomous Community of Andalusia, except for the First Language area Foreign (English

Map building, localization and exploration for multi-robot systems

The idea of having robots performing the task for which they have been designed completely autonomously and interacting with the environment has been the main objective since the beginning of mobile robotics. In order to achieve such a degree of autonomy, it is indispensable for the robot to have a map of the environment and to know its location in it, in addition to being able to solve other problems such as motion control and path planning towards its goal. During the fulfillment of certain missions without a prior knowledge of its environment, the robot must use the inaccurate information provided by its on-board sensors to build a map at the same time it is located in it, arising the problem of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) extensively studied in mobile robotics. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of robot teams due to their multiple benefits with respect to single-robot systems such as higher robustness, accuracy, efficiency and the possibility to cooperate to perform a task or to cover larger environments in less time. Robot formations also belongs to this field of cooperative robots, where they have to maintain a predefined structure while navigating in the environment. Despite their advantages, the complexity of autonomous multi-robot systems increases with the number of robots as a consequence of the larger amount of information available that must be handled, stored and transmitted through the communications network. Therefore, the development of these systems presents new difficulties when solving the aforementioned problems which, instead of being addressed individually for each robot, must be solved cooperatively to efficiently exploit all the information collected by the team. The design of algorithms in this multi-robot context should be directed to obtain greater scalability and performance to allow their online execution. This thesis is developed in the field of multi-robot systems and proposes solutions to the navigation, localization, mapping and path planning processes which form an autonomous system. The first part of contributions presented in this thesis is developed in the context of robot formations, which require greater team cooperation and synchronization, although they can be extended to systems without this navigation constraint. We propose localization, map refinement and exploration techniques under the assumption that the formation is provided with a map of the environment, possibly partial and inaccurate, wherein it has to carry out its commanded mission. In a second part, we propose a multi-robot SLAM approach without any assumption about the prior knowledge of a map nor the relationships between robots in which we make use of state of the art methodologies to efficiently manage the resources available in the system. The performance and efficiency of the proposed robot formation and multi-robot SLAM systems have been demonstrated through their implementation and testing both in simulations and with real robots