El «acorazado Sebastopol» y la censura cinematográfica: una relación amor odio

I Congreso Internacional de Historia y Cine: 5, 6, 7 y 8 de Septiembre de 2007

Hydrophilic and lipophilic radiopharmaceuticals as tracers in pharmaceutical development: In vitro – In vivo studies

BACKGROUND: Scintigraphic studies have been performed to assess the release, both in vitro and in vivo, of radiotracers from tablet formulations. Four different tracers with differing physicochemical characteristics have been evaluated to assess their suitability as models for drug delivery. METHODS: In-vitro disintegration and dissolution studies have been performed at pH 1, 4 and 7. In-vivo studies have been performed by scintigraphic imaging in healthy volunteers. Two hydrophilic tracers, ((99m)Tc-DTPA) and ((99m)Tc-MDP), and two lipophilic tracers, ((99m)Tc-ECD) and ((99m)Tc-MIBI), were used as drug models. RESULTS: Dissolution and disintegration profiles, differed depending on the drug model chosen. In vitro dissolution velocity constants indicated a probable retention of the radiotracer in the formulation. In vivo disintegration velocity constants showed important variability for each radiopharmaceutical. Pearson statistical test showed no correlation between in vitro drug release, and in vivo behaviour, for (99m)Tc-DTPA, (99m)Tc-ECD and (99m)Tc-MIBI. High correlation coefficients were found for (99m)Tc-MDP not only for in vitro dissolution and disintegration studies but also for in vivo scintigraphic studies. CONCLUSION: Scintigraphic studies have made a significant contribution to the development of drug delivery systems. It is essential, however, to choose the appropriate radiotracers as models of drug behaviour. This study has demonstrated significant differences in release patterns, depending on the model chosen. It is likely that each formulation would require the development of a specific model, rather than being able to use a generic drug model on the basis of its physicochemical characteristics

Una llamativa nueva especie de Pristimantis (Anura: Terrana: Strabomantidae) de las estribaciones noroccidentales de los Andes de Ecuador

We describe a new species of the diverse genus Pristimantis. The new species is characterized by having a green dorsum with reddish marks, acuminate snout with papilla at tip, conical ulnar and tarsal tubercles, and by lacking cranial crests. The new species inhabits the northwestern Andean slopes of Ecuador.Describimos una nueva especie de rana del diverso género Pristimantis. La nueva especie se caracteriza principalmente por tener una coloración dorsal verde con manchas rojizas, rostro acuminado con papila en la punta, tubérculos cónicos ulnares y tarsales, y por la ausencia de crestas craneales. La especie se distribuye en la vertiente noroccidental de los Andes del Ecuador

Reemplazo del nombre Pristimantis viridis Valencia, Yánez-Muñoz, Betancourt-Yépez, Terán-Valdez y Guayasamin, 2010

Recently, Valencia et al. [1] we described a new species of Pristimantis from the northwestern foothills of Ecuador. However, we made a mistake in using a specific epithet previously occupied for a frog of eastern and western foothills of Antioquia, Colombia [2]. Under Chapter 12, Article 53.3 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature ICZN, Pristimantis viridis Valencia, Yánez-Muñoz, Betancourt-Yépez, Terán-Valdezy Guayasamin, 2010 is considered a junior homonym. To solve this problem, and following the provisions of Art. 60.3 of ICZN [3], we propose the name Pristimantis rufoviridis nomen novum replacing Pristimantis viridis Valencia, Yánez-Muñoz, Betancourt-Yépez, Terán-Valdez y Guayasamin. The specific epithet rufoviridis comes from the combination of words in Latin rufus (red, reddish) and viridis (green), and refers to the greenish color with red spots on the back of this frog. The rufoviridis epithet is used as a noun in apposition. Although the color pattern is green in the two species, P viridis has a pale green or “apple green” immaculate without obvious stains [2], as opposed to P rufoviridis which has obvious reddish spots. As P rufoviridis, P viridis has no clear phylogenetic position within the genre Pristimantis [2].Recientemente, Valencia et al. [1] describimos una nueva especie de Pristimantis de las estribaciones noroccidentales de Ecuador. Sin embargo, cometimos un error al utilizar un epíteto específico previamente ocupado para una rana de las estribaciones occidentales y orientales de Antioquia, Colombia [2]. Según el Capítulo 12, Artículo 53.3 del Código Internacional de Nomenclatura Zoológica ICZN, Pristimantis viridis Valencia, Yánez-Muñoz, Betancourt-Yépez, Terán-Valdezy Guayasamin, 2010 es considerado como un homónimo júnior. Para solucionar este problema, y siguiendo lo estipulado en el Art. 60.3 del ICZN [3], proponemos el nombre Pristimantis rufoviridis nomen novum en reemplazo de Pristimantis viridis Valencia, Yánez-Muñoz, Betancourt-Yépez, Terán-Valdez y Guayasamin. El epíteto específico rufoviridis proviene de la combinación de palabras en latín rufus (rojo, rojizo) y viridis (verde), y hace referencia a la coloración verdosa con manchas rojizas del dorso de esta especie de rana. El epíteto rufoviridis es utilizado como sustantivo en aposición. Aunque el patrón de coloración es verde en las dos especies, P viridis presenta una coloración verde pálida o verde “manzana” inmaculado sin manchas evidentes [2], contrario a P rufoviridis el cual tiene evidentes manchas rojizas. Al igual que P rufoviridis, P viridis no tiene una posición filogenètica clara dentro del género Pristimantis [2]

Indicadores de maturação para definição de ponto de colheita do maracujá selvagem (passiflora tenuifila) cultivado na região de cerrado.

O Maracujá-selvagem é uma das espécies depositadas no BAG de Passifloras da Embrapa Cerrados que estão sendo estudadas para fins de melhoramento genético. Neste trabalho buscou-se avaliar uma metodologia de campo, para definição do ponto de colheita do fruto tomando-se como referência indicadores físicos, físico-químicos e de aparência dos frutos em 7 (sete) estádios. Fez-se comparações entre índices de aparência do fruto com as variáveis massa total,da casca, da polpa, das sementes e seus respectivos percentuais em relação ao fruto total, o diâmetro transversal e longitudinal e teor de açucares solúveis totais na polpa. Os resultados indicaram que o ponto ótimo de colheita dos frutos dá-se no estádio 3, quando apresentam aparência com coloração amarela em até 20% da casca e valores médios de 18,45g de massa total. Na polpa 26,5o Brix de açucares solúveis totais, 0,82% de acidez total titulável e pH 4,43

Compilation of a social network lexicon for determining the profile of authors

The use of social networks is steadily increasing worldwide. Hundreds of users daily register in the different existing platforms, therefore, the content extracted from the social networks is fundamental for tasks such as sentiment analysis, detection of author profiles, identification of authors, opinions mining, plagiarism detection, calculation of similarity between texts and to develop robust systems that help to make decisions in related areas such as politics, education, economy, among others. This paper provides a lexical aid for the pre-processing of texts posted in social networks evolved for the subsequent languages: English, Spanish, Dutch and Italian

Molecular Binding Mechanism of TtgR Repressor to Antibiotics and Antimicrobials

A disturbing phenomenon in contemporary medicine is the prevalence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria. Efflux pumps contribute strongly to this antimicrobial drug resistance, which leads to the subsequent failure of clinical treatments. The TtgR protein of Pseudomonas putida is a HTH-type transcriptional repressor that controls expression of the TtgABC efflux pump, which is the main contributor to resistance against several antimicrobials and toxic compounds in this microbe. One of the main strategies to modulate the bacterial resistance is the rational modification of the ligand binding target site. We report the design and characterization of four mutants-TtgRS77A, TtgRE78A, TtgRN110A and TtgRH114A - at the active ligand binding site. The biophysical characterization of the mutants, in the presence and in the absence of different antimicrobials, revealed that TtgRN110A is the variant with highest thermal stability, under any of the experimental conditions tested. EMSA experiments also showed a different dissociation pattern from the operator for TtgRN110A, in the presence of several antimicrobials, making it a key residue in the TtgR protein repression mechanism of the TtgABC efflux pump. We found that TtgRE78A stability is the most affected upon effector binding. We also probe that one mutation at the C-terminal half of helix-α4, TtgRS77A, provokes a severe protein structure distortion, demonstrating the important role of this residue in the overall protein structure and on the ligand binding site. The data provide new information and deepen the understanding of the TtgR-effector binding mechanism and consequently the TtgABC efflux pump regulation mechanism in Pseudomonas putida.This work was supported by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, National programme for Recruitment and Incorporation of Human Resources, Subprogramme: Ramon y Cajal RYC-2009-04570 and grant P11-CVI-7391 from Junta de Andalucía and EFDR (European Regional Development Fund)

Pan-cancer functional analysis of somatic mutations in G protein-coupled receptors

G Protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequently exploited drug target family, moreover they are often found mutated in cancer. Here we used a dataset of mutations found in patient samples derived from the Genomic Data Commons and compared it to the natural human variance as exemplified by data from the 1000 genomes project. We explored cancer-related mutation patterns in all GPCR classes combined and individually. While the location of the mutations across the protein domains did not differ significantly in the two datasets, a mutation enrichment in cancer patients was observed among class-specific conserved motifs in GPCRs such as the Class A "DRY" motif. A Two-Entropy Analysis confirmed the correlation between residue conservation and cancer-related mutation frequency. We subsequently created a ranking of high scoring GPCRs, using a multi-objective approach (Pareto Front Ranking). Our approach was confirmed by re-discovery of established cancer targets such as the LPA and mGlu receptor families, but also discovered novel GPCRs which had not been linked to cancer before such as the P2Y Receptor 10 (P2RY10). Overall, this study presents a list of GPCRs that are amenable to experimental follow up to elucidate their role in cancer.Medicinal Chemistr