Para lá da técnica: delimitar fronteiras entre componentes indissociáveis da execução instrumental

O termo “técnica” tem sido usado, ao longo dos tempos, com diferentes significados e em contextos vários, entre os quais o da execução musical instrumental. Ao observar a diversidade de acepções já atribuídas ao vocábulo no campo da performance de obras musicais instrumentais, apercebemo-nos da falta de consenso que persiste quanto (1) à compreensão do seu significado neste contexto particular; (2) à identificação das componentes da execução instrumental que excedem os limites da técnica. O presente texto pretende sugerir possibilidades de resposta a estas duas questões, sem ambicionar explorá-las exaustivamente. É ilustrado com referências a alguns dos inúmeros autores que, no passado, se debruçaram sobre a questão da técnica e sobre outras com esta relacionadas, pretendendo incorporar algumas das suas ideias numa perspectiva pessoal do autor

Online fatigue crack growth monitoring with clip gauge and direct current potential drop

Fatigue is a well-known failure phenomenon which has been and still is extensively studied. Often structures are designed according to the safe-life principle so no crack initiation occurs. Nowadays there is a high emphasis on cost-efficiency, and one might rather opt for a fail-safe design. Therefore a certain amount of crack growth can be allowed in structures, but then a good knowledge of stresses and related crack growth rates is needed. To this end, extensive studies are done to obtain a material’s Paris law curve. Within the framework of research for offshore wind turbine constructions, tests were done to determine the crack growth rate of a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel. A dedicated LabVIEW program was developed to be able to determine an entire Paris law curve with a single specimen, by controlling the stress intensity factor range (ΔK). The program is controlled by the readings of a clip gauge, which make it possible to plan the amount of crack growth per ΔK block and thus plan an entire test in advance. The potential drop technique was also applied in order to obtain the Paris law curve. Clip gauge results were compared with direct current potential drop monitoring. This comparison was done by means of an a/W-N diagram and the resulting Paris law curves. The results show a very good correlation between both methods and with the visual confirmation

Birute Klaas-Lang 60

Birute Klaas-Lang 6

Do changes in tax regulation affect firms’ capital structure?

The aim of this dissertation is to assess how changing tax regulation may affect the capital structure of firms, in particular, how the introduction of a new tax provision – the Notional Interest Deduction (NID) – impacted firms’ financing decisions in Italy. To perform this study, we gathered company data from 2005 to 2015 and we analysed a sample of 197 Italian public firms, separating them into two distinct groups: (i) Financial companies and (ii) Nonfinancial companies. While for Financial companies it seems that the NID implementation did not translate itself into statistically significant effects, results show that for Non-financial companies there is a slightly increase of 2% in leverage ratios, that is softened for more profitable firms. Results seem to be robust when changing the form of treatment regarding outliers and also when altering the time period of our analysis.O objectivo desta tese é avaliar como alterações no regulamento fiscal podem afectar a estrutura de capital de empresas, em particular, como a introdução de uma nova provisão fiscal – o Notional Interest Deduction (NID) – impactou as decisões de financiamento das empresas em Itália. Para realizar este estudo, reunimos dados empresariais de 2005 até 2015 e analisámos uma amostra de 197 empresas públicas italianas, separando-as em dois grupos distintos: (i) empresas Financeiras e (ii) empresas Não-Financeiras. Enquanto para as empresas Financeiras o NID não aparenta reflectir-se em resultados estatisticamente significativos, os resultados demonstram que para as empresas Não-Financeiras há um pequeno aumento de 2% nos rácios de alavancagem, que é atenuado para empresas de maior rentabilidade. Os resultados evidenciam ser robustos quando alteramos o modo de tratamento respeitante a outliers e o período temporal da nossa análise

Reumaliin: inimeste reumatoloogiaalane nõustamine ja selle rakendamise kogemus

Meditsiinialane telefoninõustamine on inimestele vajalik ja huvipakkuv teenus. TÜ Kliinikumi sisekliinikus käivitus 2001. aastal projekt “Reumaliin” kogu Eesti rahva reumatoloogiaalaseks nõustamiseks. Selle projekti esimese tööaasta kogemused näitavad, et telefoninõustamine vähendab ambulatoorsete visiitide hulka, aitab kokku hoida spetsialisti tööaega ning on patsiendile kiireks ja efektiivseks võimaluseks saada oma probleemidele lahendus juhtudel, kui ei ole vaja spetsiifilist reumatoloogiaalast konsultatsiooni. Reumaliini töökogemus tõi esile telefoninõustamise raamjuhiste väljatöötamise vajalikkuse tulevikus. Eesti Arst 2002; 81 (11): 718–72

’n Sosiologiese perspektief op die literêre komposisie van die Sinaikompleks (Eksodus 19-34)

A sociological perspective on the literary composition of the Sinai complex (Exodus 19-34)The elaborate account of Exodus 19-34 is rooted in a pre-exilic Mountain of God tradition which arose primarily from the imagery of divine presence that is assumed in the description of theophany. Deuteronomistic and priestly redactors both significantly expanded this pre-exilic tradition by anchoring their legislation in this event. The underlying motif of the final redaction of the entire Sinai complex reflects rivalry between priestly houses during the Persian period, one tracing its lineage to Moses (Levites) and the other its lineage to Aaron (Zadokites)

Les profondeurs inconnus des océans dans des poèmes choisis de Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo et du comte de Lautréamont

Le but de ce mémoire est d’analyser la représentation des profondeurs inconnues des océans et leur opposition aux surfaces dans la poésie française du XIXe siècle, à partir de poèmes choisis de Charles Baudelaire, Victor Hugo et du comte de Lautréamont. L’objectif est de comparer la manière dont les grands poètes d’un siècle déchiffrent l’inconnu, en donnant à cet inconnu la forme de l’océan. Nous avons choisi ces auteurs parce qu’ils sont parmi les écrivains les plus connus du XIXe siècle, mais aussi parce que leurs textes sont toujours pertinents de nos jours.https://www.ester.ee/record=b5374652*es

Percutaneous pedicle screw reduction and axial presacral lumbar interbody fusion for treatment of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis: A case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Traditional surgical management of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis is technically challenging and is associated with significant complications. The advent of minimally invasive surgical techniques offers patients treatment alternatives with lower operative morbidity risk. The combination of percutaneous pedicle screw reduction and an axial presacral approach for lumbosacral discectomy and fusion offers an alternative procedure for the surgical management of low-grade lumbosacral spondylolisthesis.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>Three patients who had L5-S1 grade 2 spondylolisthesis and who presented with axial pain and lumbar radiculopathy were treated with a minimally invasive surgical technique. The patients-a 51-year-old woman and two men (ages 46 and 50)-were Caucasian. Under fluoroscopic guidance, spondylolisthesis was reduced with a percutaneous pedicle screw system, resulting in interspace distraction. Then, an axial presacral approach with the AxiaLIF System (TranS1, Inc., Wilmington, NC, USA) was used to perform the discectomy and anterior fixation. Once the axial rod was engaged in the L5 vertebral body, further distraction of the spinal interspace was made possible by partially loosening the pedicle screw caps, advancing the AxiaLIF rod to its final position in the vertebrae, and retightening the screw caps. The operative time ranged from 173 to 323 minutes, and blood loss was minimal (50 mL). Indirect foraminal decompression and adequate fixation were achieved in all cases. All patients were ambulatory after surgery and reported relief from pain and resolution of radicular symptoms. No perioperative complications were reported, and patients were discharged in two to three days. Fusion was demonstrated radiographically in all patients at one-year follow-up.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Percutaneous pedicle screw reduction combined with axial presacral lumbar interbody fusion offers a promising and minimally invasive alternative for the management of lumbosacral spondylolisthesis.</p

Esimene Euroopa keeleoskusuuring ja kavandatavad uuendused võõrkeele riigieksamites

Euroopa keeleõppe raamdokument on Euroopa Nõukogu mahuka ingliskeelse dokumendi ""Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: Learning, teaching, assessment"" (Council of Europe 2001) tõlge, mis püüab kõikehõlmavalt kirjeldada keeleõppe valdkonda. Tänaseks on sellest kujunenud alusdokument nüüdiskeelte ainekavakujunduse ja õpivara loomise, õppimise, õpetamise ja keeleoskuse hindamise jaoks Euroopas ja mujalgi. Euroopa keeleõppe raamdokument on ühine alus võõrkeele õppekavade ja nende juhendite, eksamimaterjali, õpikute jms koostamiseks üle Euroopa. Raamdokumendis kirjeldatakse ülevaatlikult, mida keeleõppijad peavad omandama, et osata keelt suhtlemisel kasutada, ning milliseid teadmisi ja oskusi tuleb arendada, et selles vallas tõhusalt tegutseda. See kirjeldus hõlmab ka vastava keele kultuuritausta. Raamdokumendis määratletakse muu hulgas keeleoskuse tasemed, mis lubavad mõõta õppija edusamme elukestva keeleõppe kõigil etappidel