Des controverses aux compromis. Les lignes de front du métro bruxellois

En 1963, le Ministère belge des Communications publie un document intitulé “Promotion des Transports en commun dans les grandes agglomérations”, véritable plaidoyer en faveur du transport public à l’échelle de cinq grandes villes belges. Dans cet article, nous proposons d’analyser de manière approfondie ce document pour comprendre la controverse fondatrice qui a justifié les travaux du futur métro à Bruxelles. En faisant parler les archives institutionnelles, nous soutenons que le métro bruxellois peut être considéré comme le résultat d’un compromis entre les deux institutions à l’époque en charge de la mobilité à Bruxelles : le Ministère des Travaux Publics et le Ministère des Communications. Préférant répondre aux normes de capacité et de rapidité déjà présentes dans le monde routier, le transport public a ainsi fait le deuil de la surface et, par là, a purifié le débat des mobilités urbaines en une solution apparemment strictement technique, espace pacifié où protagonistes d’un champ désormais commun peuvent s’entendre et s’allier.In 1963 the Belgian Ministry of Communications published a document entitled “Promotion des Transports en commun dans les grandes agglomérations”, real plea for the defence of public transport on the scale of five Belgian cities. In this article, we propose to analyze this document deeply, to help the understanding of the founding controversy which justified the works of future metro in Brussels. By studying institutional archives, we maintain that the Brussels metro may be considered as the result of a compromise between the two institutions dealing with mobility at that time in Brussels: the Ministry of Civil Engineering and the Ministry of Communications. Through responding to capacity and speed standards already present in the field of road transport, public transport gave up the surface and turned the debate on urban mobility into an apparently strictly technical solution. In this pacified space players of a now common field can understand each other and cooperate

Un grand corpus oral « disponible » : le corpus d'Orléans 1 1968-2012

International audienceCet article présente la constitution et la mise à disposition du corpus oral ESLO. Notre objectif est de montrer qu'il ne s'agit pas seulement de recueillir et rendre disponible des données langagières mais aussi de rendre explicite l'ensemble de la chaîne de traitement qui permet d'élaborer un tel corpus. Après avoir présenté le projet et le corpus nous préciserons les problèmes juridiques et méthodologiques qui ont conditionné les opérations de traitement du corpus et notamment les procédures d'anonymisation indispensables à la libre diffusion de cette ressource. Dans une seconde partie, nous présenterons les différentes annotations effectuées sur les données brutes avec quelques exemples de leurs exploitations. Nous expliquerons la méthodologie suivie qui est toujours guidée par la nature des données et l'objectif final visé : constituer un grand corpus oral variationniste du français. Nous aborderons enfin les questions de mise à disposition du corpus en ligne

Vaccine breakthrough hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs

Life-threatening `breakthrough' cases of critical COVID-19 are attributed to poor or waning antibody response to the SARS- CoV-2 vaccine in individuals already at risk. Pre-existing autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs underlie at least 15% of critical COVID-19 pneumonia cases in unvaccinated individuals; however, their contribution to hypoxemic breakthrough cases in vaccinated people remains unknown. Here, we studied a cohort of 48 individuals ( age 20-86 years) who received 2 doses of an mRNA vaccine and developed a breakthrough infection with hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia 2 weeks to 4 months later. Antibody levels to the vaccine, neutralization of the virus, and auto- Abs to type I IFNs were measured in the plasma. Forty-two individuals had no known deficiency of B cell immunity and a normal antibody response to the vaccine. Among them, ten (24%) had auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs (aged 43-86 years). Eight of these ten patients had auto-Abs neutralizing both IFN-a2 and IFN-., while two neutralized IFN-omega only. No patient neutralized IFN-ss. Seven neutralized 10 ng/mL of type I IFNs, and three 100 pg/mL only. Seven patients neutralized SARS-CoV-2 D614G and the Delta variant (B.1.617.2) efficiently, while one patient neutralized Delta slightly less efficiently. Two of the three patients neutralizing only 100 pg/mL of type I IFNs neutralized both D61G and Delta less efficiently. Despite two mRNA vaccine inoculations and the presence of circulating antibodies capable of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs may underlie a significant proportion of hypoxemic COVID-19 pneumonia cases, highlighting the importance of this particularly vulnerable population

Relatório de estágio em farmácia comunitária

Relatório de estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas, apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbr

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Des controverses aux compromis. Les lignes de front du métro bruxellois

In 1963 the Belgian Ministry of Communications published a document entitled “Promotion des Transports en commun dans les grandes agglomérations”, real plea for the defence of public transport on the scale of five Belgian cities. In this article, we propose to analyze this document deeply, to help the understanding of the founding controversy which justified the works of future metro in Brussels. By studying institutional archives, we maintain that the Brussels metro may be considered as the result of a compromise between the two institutions dealing with mobility at that time in Brussels: the Ministry of Civil Engineering and the Ministry of Communications. Through responding to capacity and speed standards already present in the field of road transport, public transport gave up the surface and turned the debate on urban mobility into an apparently strictly technical solution. In this pacified space players of a now common field can understand each other and cooperate

Les justifications de la division familiale du travail -- Sociologie

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe

L’histoire de l’organisation du transport de masse à Bruxelles depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale jusqu’à aujourd’hui

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublishe