Köy Enstitüleri'nde sanat eğitimi ve Tonguç

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 124-İsmail Hakkı TonguçUnutma İstanbul projesi İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı'nın 2016 yılı "Yenilikçi ve Yaratıcı İstanbul Mali Destek Programı" kapsamında desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TR10/16/YNY/010

Structured tone mitigation in 3rd and 4th order MASH Delta-Sigma Modulators-comparative study

A delta-sigma modulator (DSM) can be thought as a nonlinear chaotic system that may exhibit tonal behaviour in its output spectrum. These tones are sometimes referred to as spurs and they are undesirable. To provide for the mitigation of structured tones, application of dithering, using chaotic modulators, loading irrational initial conditions and maintaining controllable maximum sequence lengths are commonly used and advised methods primarily in Multi-stAge noise SHaping (MASH) DSMs. Higher order MASH-DSMs are less problematic and are commonly used in many high speed and low noise frequency synthesiser circuits. As MASH is composed of cascaded first order digital DSM stages, it is unconditionally stable. In this paper, the tone mitigation techniques for MASH 1-1-1 and MASH 1-1-1-1 modulators are compared and their noise performances presented

The practical limits of MASH Delta-Sigma Modulators designed to maintain very long controllable sequence lengths for structured tone mitigation

The delta-sigma modulator (DSM) is an essential block for a Fractional-N (FN) frequency synthesizers and is used for generating the fractional part of the division ratio. Digital DSMs (DDSM) with rational input and rational initial conditions can be thought as Finite State Machines (FSM) and they always produce finite length sequences in accordance with the applied input. To provide smooth quantization noise power distribution (tone free) and to get rid of structured tones, the modulator should complete its cycle and return to initial starting state. This method is called maintaining controllable sequence length. In this paper, the practicality of this method will be investigated for DDSMs composed of up to 5th order MASH 1-1-1-1-1 structures by considering lock time requirements of the synthesizers designed for wireless transceiver applications such as GSM900, DCS-1800, UMTS(WCDMA),WLAN, ZigBee and Bluetooth

Nanoparticle formulations for new cytostatic agents against glioblastomas

Many highly active antitumour agents are currently not employable for the systemic chemotherapy of brain tumours since their entrance into the brain is blocked by the BBB. Obviously, the development of a strategy allowing effective delivery of these agents across the BBB would enormously extend the potential of the systemic chemotherapy. Chemotherapy of rat glioblastoma using nanoparticle-bound doxorubicin Doxorubicin bound to polysorbate-coated nanoparticles had been previously shown to significantly enhance survival in the orthotopic rat 101/8 glioblastoma model. The objective of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of this formulation by morphometric, histological and immunohistological methods. The 101/8 glioblastoma was implanted intracranially into the male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into 3 groups; one group served as untreated control (n = 20). The second group received doxorubicin in solution (Dox-sol, n = 18), and the third group received doxorubicin bound to PBCA nanoparticles coated with PS 80 (Dox-NP + PS 80, n = 18). The treatment regimen was 3 × 1.5 mg/kg on days 2, 5, and 8 after tumor implantation. The formulations were injected into the tail vein. The untreated control animals were sacrificed on days 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 after the implantation. The animals that had received chemotherapy were sacrificed on day 10, 14 and 18 after the implantation. The brains were investigated by morphometrical, histochemical, and immunohistochemical methods such as the measurement of the tumor size, proliferation of tumor cells, vessel density, expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), incidence and dimension of necrosis, and microvascular proliferation. Tumours showed signs of malignancy including invasion to brain tissue and brisk mitotic activity. The tumor proliferation remained stable at high levels throughout the host survival time. Overall, the tumor showed a reproducible growth pattern and temporal development that is comparable to human glioblastoma. Furthermore, the 101/8 glioblastoma had infiltrated diffusely the surrounding host brain at the edge of the solid tumor mass showed no signs of encapsulation. Thus the 101/8 glioblastoma fulfills the most criteria for an adequate glioma model and can be qualified as a reliable model. ...Viele hochaktive Zytostatika sind zurzeit für die systematische chemotherapeutische Anwendung nicht einsetzbar, weil ihr Eintritt ins Gehirn durch die Blut-Hirn-Schranke (BHS) blockiert wird. Die Entwicklung einer Möglichkeit zum Transport dieser Stoffe über diese Schranke würde das Potenzial einer systemischen Chemotherapie bedeutend erhöhen. Chemotherapie von Glioblastomen mit Doxorobicin beladenen Nanopartikeln In früheren Studien wurde gezeigt, dass die Überlebenszeiten von Ratten mit ins Gehirn transplantierten 101/8 Glioblastomen durch mit Polysorbat 80 überzogenen Doxorubicin-Nanopartikel signifikant verlängert werden können. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die Effizienz dieser Doxorubicin-beladenen Nanopartikel mit morphometrischen, histologischen und immunohistologischen Methoden zu untersuchen, um so die Tiere weniger zu belasten als das in Letalitätsstudien erfolgt. Das 101/8 Glioblastom wurde dazu intrakranial männlichen Wistar-Ratten implantiert. Die Ratten wurden randomisiert in drei Gruppen geteilt: die erste Gruppe erhielt keine Behandlung (Kontrolle, n = 20), die zweite Gruppe wurde mit Doxorubicin-Lösung (Dox-sol, n = 18) und die dritte Gruppe mit Polysorbat 80-überzogenen Doxorubicin-Nanopartikeln (Dox-NP + PS 80, n = 18) behandelt. ..

Essentialization of social categories and links to moral development

Kantian theories of morality focus on the universal application of moral rules. However, both children and adults often apply different moral standards to in-group and out-group members. Psychologists have proposed that this group bias in moral judgments may be explained by “social essentialism”, a tendency to conceive of social groups as natural kinds. This dissertation uses a cross-cultural, developmental approach to test this hypothesis by investigating a) how the essentialization of five social groups changes with age and b) whether the differences in essentialization explain children’s moral judgments in inter-group contexts. In Study 1, I tested the degree of essentialization of five social categories (Gender, Nationality, Religion, Socioeconomic Status (SES), and Teams) in 5-10 year olds (N=147) and adults (N=223) in Turkey and the U.S. I hypothesized three possible patterns of results indicating different mechanisms underlying essentialization: 1) essentialization is a strong basic bias invariant across ages, cultures and categories; 2) essentialization varies by category across culture based on historical group conflicts; and 3) essentialization is over-generalized for pseudo-biological categories (Gender, Nationality) and declines with age for other categories in both cultures. I found strong support for the third mechanism and striking similarities in the developmental patterns by category across cultures. Study 2 examined the hypothesized link between children’s social essentialist bias and moral judgments in the US (N=211). I predicted that for highly essentialized categories from Study 1 (i.e., Gender), children would believe that it is more acceptable to harm the out-group than the in-group. There were no systematic differences between in-group and out-group judgments and no relationship with essentialization, however. These null results suggest that children are more Kantian than recent work on social groups proposes. Essentialism did, however, affect moral reasoning in inter-group contexts in more indirect ways, when accompanied by other social phenomena, such as salient discrimination. Combined, these studies make two contributions to the field. First, essentialist beliefs in the social domain are triggered cross-culturally by a biological representation of some categories. Second, children are not generally sensitive to group membership in their explicit judgments of moral transgressions in third-party scenarios

Capillarity-driven dynamics of water–alcohol mixtures in nanofluidic channels

We investigated the spontaneous capillarity-driven filling of nanofluidic channels with a thickness of 6 and 16 nm using mixtures of ethanol and water of variable composition. To improve the visibility of the fluid, we embedded metal mirrors into the top and bottom walls of the channels that act as a Fabry–Pérot interferometer. The motion of propagating liquid–air menisci was monitored for various concentrations in transmission with an optical microscope. In spite of the visible effects of surface roughness and different affinity of water and ethanol to the channel walls, the dynamics followed the classical t 1/2—dependence according to Lucas and Washburn. While the prefactor of this algebraic relation falls short of the expectations based on bulk properties by 10–30%, the relative variation between mixtures of different composition follows the expectations based on the bulk surface tension and viscosity, implying that—despite the small width of the channels and the large surface-to-volume ratio—specific adsorption or chemical selectivity effects are not relevant. We briefly discuss the impact of surface roughness on our experimental results