Ecotoxicity of oxidative stress effectors

In a state of redox homeostasis, an oxidative challenge initiates a stress response, executed through molecular redox switches, activating gene expression counteracting the challenge. Levels of oxidants and antioxidant species are balanced at a physiological level permitting redox signaling and redox regulation. However, certain stressors can elicit a response that unbalances this homeostatic state, inducing an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in favor of the oxidants, and leading to the prevalence of supraphysiological oxidative stress, disrupting redox signaling and/or damaging biomolecules, which may ultimately lead to the onset of disease. When the damaged biomolecules are lipids, the phenomenon is termed lipid peroxidation. The main target of lipid peroxidation are polyunsaturated fatty acids that, when oxidized, generate non-enzymatically biomolecules called isoprostanes. Thus, isoprostanes are considered final products of lipid peroxidation and, therefore, possible indicators of the existence of a state of oxidative stress associated with several pathologies. Given that isoprostanes are excreted through urine, they can be detected in effluents from wastewater treatment plants and therefore be used as indicators in the assessment of the health status of a population. However, the fact that isoprostanes are detected in effluents can raise concern for the aquatic environment as their potential toxicity to aquatic species remains to be explored. Thus, we suggest the hypothesis that isoprostanes can initiate a phenomenon of circular toxicity: humans, when in a state of oxidative stress, will excrete isoprostanes through urine that is discharged in the sewage system and will reach WWTPs. Because most WWTPs lack the technology to completely remove or degrade these contaminants they will enter the aquatic ecosystem where they can interact with several species that have receptors that recognize them. To test this circular toxicity hypothesis, the toxicity of effectors of oxidative stress (sodium hypochlorite and isoprostanes) was evaluated using standard acute and chronic toxicity tests performed using the model organism Daphnia magna. Furthermore, multigenerational and transgenerational tests were also performed to understand if these compounds induce effects in generations that aren’t chronically exposed to them. From the obtained results it is possible to conclude that when daphnids were chronically exposed, both to sodium hypochlorite and isoprostanes, reproductive success was dependent on the concentration. However, only sodium hypochlorite affected the size of daphnids, suggesting that the mechanism of action of these two compounds is different. In addition, it was also possible to conclude that both compounds are capable of inducing multigenerational and transgenerational effects on reproductive success, thus backing up our initial hypothesis of circular toxicity.O stress oxidativo ocorre quando existe um desequilíbrio na regulação de reações redox num sistema biológico a favor dos oxidantes. A interação de radicais livres, espécies reativas que atuam como pró-oxidantes, com várias biomoléculas é responsável por alterações que estão envolvidas na patogénese de várias doenças. Quando essa interação ocorre com lípidos, designa-se por peroxidação lipídica. O principal alvo da peroxidação lipídica são os ácidos gordos polinsaturados e, quando oxidados, geram de forma não-enzimática biomoléculas denominadas isoprostanos. Assim, os isoprostanos são considerados produtos finais duma peroxidação lipídica e, por isso, possíveis indicadores da existência dum estado de stress oxidativo associado a várias patologias. Tendo em conta que os isoprostanos são excretados através da urina, estes podem ser detetados em efluentes de estações de tratamento de águas residuais e, por isso, ser usados como indicadores na avaliação do estado de saúde duma população. Contudo, o facto dos isoprostanos estarem comprovadamente presentes em efluentes pode levantar preocupações sobre a integridade do ambiente aquático, que no presente se restringem à esfera do hipotético, uma vez que a sua potencial toxicidade para espécies aquáticas permanece por explorar. Assim, sugere-se a hipótese de que os isoprostanos possam iniciar um fenómeno de toxicidade circular: o ser humano, quando num estado de stress oxidativo, excreta isoprostanos através da urina sendo estes encaminhados para estações de tratamento de águas residuais que não possuem capacidade para a sua remoção. Desta forma, os isoprostanos entram nos ecossistemas aquáticos onde podem interagir com as múltiplas espécies possuidoras de recetores que os reconhecem. Para testar esta hipótese, foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda e crónica com o organismo modelo Daphnia magna por forma a avaliar a toxicidade de efetores de stress oxidativo (hipoclorito de sódio e isoprostanos). Para além disso, realizaram-se também testes multigeracionais e transgeracionais com o objetivo de perceber se estes compostos induzem efeitos em gerações que não foram cronicamente expostas. Tendo em conta os resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que a exposição crónica de dáfnias quer a hipoclorito de sódio, quer a isoprostanos, leva a que o sucesso reprodutivo seja dependente da concentração dos compostos. No entanto, apenas o hipoclorito de sódio afetou o tamanho das dáfnias, indiciando um mecanismo de atuação diferente para os dois compostos. Para além disso, foi também possível concluir que ambos os compostos são capazes de induzir efeitos multigeracionais e transgeracionais relativamente ao sucesso reprodutivo. Nestas circunstâncias, foi possível validar a hipótese inicial da existência de toxicidade circular associada aos isoprostanos

The Subgingival Periodontal Microbiota in the Aging Mouth

Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the increase in prevalence and severity of periodontitis in older adults, including shifts in the periodontal microbiota. However, the actual impact of aging in the composition of subgingival biofilms remains unclear. In the present article, we provide an overview of the composition of the subgingival biofilm in older adults and the potential effects of age on the oral microbiome. In particular, this review covers the following topics: (i) the oral microbiota of an aging mouth, (ii) the effects of age and time on the human oral microbiome, (iii) the potential impact of inflammaging and immunosenescence in the host-oral microbiota interactions, and (iv) the relationship of the aging oral microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, in order to explore in greater breadth the potential effects of aging on the periodontal microbiota, we present analyses of data compiled from large clinical studies that evaluated the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy subjects and periodontitis patients from a wide age spectrum (20–83 years old). Those studies were conducted at Guarulhos University (São Paulo, SP, Brazil) and at The Forsyth Institute (Cambridge, USA), from 1999 to 2014

The subgingival periodontal microbiota of the aging mouth

Different mechanisms have been hypothesized to explain the increase in prevalence and severity of periodontitis in older adults, including shifts in the periodontal microbiota. However, the actual impact of aging in the composition of subgingival biofilms remains unclear. In the present article, we provide an overview of the composition of the subgingival biofilm in older adults and the potential effects of age on the oral microbiome. In particular, this review covers the following topics: (i) the oral microbiota of an aging mouth, (ii) the effects of age and time on the human oral microbiome, (iii) the potential impact of inflammaging and immunosenescence in the host-oral microbiota interactions, and (iv) the relationship of the aging oral microbiota and Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, in order to explore in greater breadth the potential effects of aging on the periodontal microbiota, we present analyses of data compiled from large clinical studies that evaluated the subgingival microbiota of periodontally healthy subjects and periodontitis patients from a wide age spectrum (20–83 years old). Those studies were conducted at Guarulhos University (São Paulo, SP, Brazil) and at The Forsyth Institute (Cambridge, USA), from 1999 to 2014

Posttraumatic biloma formation - Diagnosis and management

A 25-year-old male patient sustained complex blunt hepatic trauma after abdominal crush injury by an object heavier than 100 kg. He had liver laceration, pulmonary contusion and hemothorax. Exploratory laparotomy was performed, followed by urgent hepatorrhaphy. After 3 weeks, the patient presented with sharp pain and discomfort in the upper right quadrant and abdominal distension associated with intense nausea. An abdominal ultrasound (US) demonstrated voluminous liver cyst formation. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) was performed and showed voluminous intrahepatic loculated fluid collection (Figure 1). Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) was then performed (Figure 2) to exclude cystic lesion and to establish the actual location of the lesion; it demonstrated extra- and intrahepatic biliary tree injury (Figure 3). Abdominal drainage of the collection was performed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage, collecting about 1,500 mL of bile, and confirmed the diagnosis of biloma. The procedure had no complications, and the patient was discharged with an abdominal tube draining biliary secretion, which was removed after 3 weeks. After two months, follow-up CT demonstrated the resolution of the case. The patient was then followed every two months for the following six months after the drainage procedure, with tomographic studies demonstrating no new biliary leak. Hence, he was finally discharged in good medical condition.Keywords: Biloma; biliary leak; liver traum

Relationships Among IL-6, TNF-α, Adipokines, Vitamin D and Chronic Periodontitis

Objectives to explore relationships among serum adipokines, vitamin D, clinical and microbial parameters of chronic periodontitis before and after treatment. Methods weight, height and smoking status were recorded for 56 patients with chronic periodontitis. Plaque, gingivitis, bleeding on probing (BOP), suppuration, pocket depth (PD) and attachment level (AL) were measured at all teeth present. Subgingival biofilm samples from each tooth were analyzed for levels of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), adiponectin, leptin, resistin and vitamin D were measured at baseline. Sample collection was then performed in a subset of the population 6 months post-therapy (n=17). Serum samples were analyzed using ELISA and immunoassays. Differences in clinical, microbial and serum factors among groups were sought using the Mann-Whitney test. Correlations among factors were evaluated using regression analysis. Effects of therapy were sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test Results There were positive correlations between adiponectin/vitamin D and between IL-6/leptin; negative correlations between IL-6/vitamin D, and leptin/vitamin D, but no associations between serum analytes and clinical or microbial parameters. Gender and BMI were associated with levels of adipokines. Periodontal therapy improved clinical and microbiological parameters, but did not influence the levels of serum analytes. Conclusions Adipokines and IL-6 levels were affected by gender and BMI. Serum analytes were not influenced by periodontal therapy

Análise do programa ProJovem Campo Saberes da Terra da UFS: limites e contradições da política de gestão e formação na educação do campo em Sergipe

The research aims to study the implementation and management of the training program ProJovem Field Knowledge of the Earth, by the Federal University of Sergipe, in partnership with the State Department of Education policy. It is an interest with a focus on Public Policy for Youth and Adult Education in the Field, and aims to: analyze the ProJovem Field Knowledge Programme Earth developed in Sergipe 2008/2011 the period from its institutional implementation of federal and state and social movements. For both research intended as specific objectives a) To study the elements that are reasons for Public Policy for Rural Education in EJA, from the creation of the Knowledge ProJovem Field of the Earth; b) Discuss the process of creation of programs and projects on the EYA, as well as its form of regulation, financing and management. In this way we base our study on theoretical and methodological assumptions of qualitative research, using the procedure of document analysis and, therefore, we sought to examine the implementation of this policy, based on the principles of dialecticalhistorical materialism. The pedagogical approach of the program is based in the Pedagogy of Alternation that values the young field and is part of the struggle of social movements, aimed at an educational proposal that values the subject field of the process. However, it is based on the analysis of the implementation and management realize that already in the design / creation of these programs show the limits and contradictions in its execution, since the entities involved in this case have no physical and human framework for due action monitoring, outsourcing the services of responsibility of public entities. Therefore, the transfer of public funds for private education sectors, as well as restrictions, bureaucratic and legal impediments characterize the discontinuity of the Program, thus, prevents the realization of a public education policy.Esta pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo a implementação e gestão da política de formação do Programa ProJovem Campo Saberes da Terra, realizada pela Universidade Federal de Sergipe, em parceria com a Secretaria de Estado da Educação. O foco da pesquisa é a Política Pública de Educação de Jovens e Adultos do Campo em Sergipe e tem como objetivo analisar o Programa ProJovem Campo Saberes da Terra, desenvolvido em Sergipe no período 2008/2010, a partir da sua implementação institucional entre governos federal e estadual e os movimentos sociais. Para tanto, a pesquisa se desenvolveu seguindo os seguintes objetivos: a) estudar os elementos que fundamentam a Política Pública de Educação do Campo na EJA, a partir da criação do ProJovem Campo Saberes da Terra; b) discutir o processo de criação dos programas e projetos na EJA, bem como a sua forma de regulamentação, financiamento e gestão. Neste caminho, pautamos nosso estudo nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da pesquisa qualitativa, utilizando como procedimento a análise documental e, dessa forma, buscou-se analisar a execução dessa política, com base nos princípios do materialismo histórico-dialético. A partir da análise e de sua implementação e gestão da política, constatamos que na concepção/criação destes Programas aparecem os limites e contradições na sua execução, uma vez que os entes envolvidos neste caso não possuem estrutura física e humana para o devido acompanhamento das ações, terceirizando os serviços de responsabilidade dos entes públicos. Por conseguinte, a transferência de recursos públicos da educação para os setores privados, bem como as restrições, impedimentos burocráticos e legais, caracterizam a descontinuidade do Programa que, dessa maneira, impossibilita a efetivação de uma política pública de educação de EJA Campo.São Cristóvã

Rapport de stage en développement des ressources humaines et des organisations à GénieLab

Ce travail répond aux mandats proposés par GénieLab et il est encadré par le programme de stage du cours de maitrise en administration publique de l’ENAP. Le travail propose de faire un diagnostic organisationnel et une intervention limitée soutenue par les thèmes discutés dans la littérature sur la gestion de projet, les ressources humaines et l'analyse des processus organisationnels et des ressources humaines

Ambiente da prática de enfermagem na atenção primária à saúde: revisão scoping

OBJECTIVE: To examine the scientific evidence about the nursing practice environment in Primary Health Care. METHODS: Three-step scoping review. 1) An initial research on CINAHL and MEDLINE. 2) A broader search using the same keywords and search terms in the remaining EBSCOHost platform databases. 3) Search the bibliographical references of the selected articles. The studies selected were from 2007 to 2018. RESULTS: 19 articles were included, most reported findings of the nursing practice environment and results for clients, nurses, nurse managers and the efficiency of organizations, in Primary Health Care. CONCLUSION: Improving the environment of nursing practice has consequences on the quality of nursing care, with increased results for clients, nursing and Primary Health Care.Objetivo: Examinar a evidência científica acerca do ambiente da prática de enfermagem na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão scoping da literatura, com 3 etapas: 1) uma pesquisa inicial na CINAHL e MEDLINE; 2) uma pesquisa mais ampliada, utilizando as mesmas palavras-chave e termos de pesquisa, nas bases de dados restantes da plataforma EBSCOHost; 3) pesquisa nas referências bibliográficas dos artigos selecionados. Os estudos selecionados foram do período entre 2007 e 2018. Resultados: Foram incluídos 19 artigos; a maioria relatou achados do ambiente da prática de enfermagem e resultados para os clientes, para os enfermeiros, para os enfermeiros gerentes e para a eficiência das organizações, na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Conclusão: Melhorar o ambiente da prática de enfermagem tem consequências na qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem, com aumento de resultados para os clientes, para a enfermagem e para a Atenção Primária à Saúde.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio