Factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en madres que acuden a un Centro de Salud, Lima 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar los factores asociados al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva en madres que acuden a un centro de salud Lima 2024. Material y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, nivel descriptivo y corte transversal. Con una población de 162 madres y la muestra fue de 50 madres. Como Instrumento se utilizó un cuestionario con una serie de 25 preguntas asociadas al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva. Los resultados muestran que el 56%de madres abandonaron la lactancia materna exclusiva, de los factores demográficos con respecto al grado de instrucción. Es un factor influyente para el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva, con respecto a los factores biológicos el 26% representaron mayor relevancia en la poca producción de leche materna. Así mismo se demostró que las progenitoras presentaban dolor en los pezones a la hora de amantar a sus bebes por grietas, ambos indicadores muestran ser factores de riesgo para el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva, con respecto a los factores socioeconómicos el 64% no cuentan con el apoyo familiar, así mismo la investigación mostro que el 58% no cuentan con un ingreso económico que cubra sus necesidades, ambos indicadores muestran ser factores de riesgo para el abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva .sin embargo los factores culturales con un 98% los indicadores resultaron presente en su mayoría en los ítems siguientes: la leche materna exclusiva fortalece el vínculo madre e hijo, la leche materna en el proceso de la lactancia materna exclusiva cubre las necesidades del lactante menor de 6 meses, la lactancia materna protege al bebé de muchas enfermedades, La calidad de leche varía según la madre, lo cual se resultó ser un factor riesgoso para que la madre abandone la lactancia materna exclusiva . en conclusión, los factores que influyen directamente al abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva fueron los factores demográficos, los factores biológicos, los factores socioeconómicos y los factores culturales

Impacto del liderazgo eficaz en el desempeño de los colaboradores del área de ensamble de una empresa de la industria minero metalúrgica, Arequipa 2018

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar el impacto del liderazgo eficaz según Hersey y Blanchard (1998), en el desempeño de los colaboradores del área de ensamble de una empresa en la industria minero metalúrgica, Arequipa 2018. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se trabajó con una muestra de 423 mantenimientos que fueron realizados por grupos de 4 a 9 personas, los cuales estaban conformados por personal del área de ensamble y en algunos casos con el apoyo de personal de otras áreas. Asimismo, se hizo uso de dos cuestionarios: el Test de madurez del seguidor y el LEAD, como instrumentos para determinar el nivel de madurez del personal que participo en el mantenimiento y el estilo de liderazgo empleado por el líder del grupo a cargo del mantenimiento. Mediante su aplicación se pudo determinar en qué mantenimientos el líder ejerció el liderazgo eficaz propuesto por Hersey y Blanchard (1998). También se aplicó una entrevista a fin de identificar que otras variables influyen en el desempeño alcanzado en los mantenimientos. Considerando que el alcance de la presente investigación es correlacional, se realizó un análisis econométrico, para el cual se especificó un modelo multinominal ordenado. Con esta investigación se pudo concluir que, si el estilo de liderazgo es el adecuado para el nivel de madurez del grupo, hay más probabilidades de que el desempeño de este sea bueno. Sin embargo, cabe resaltar que se debe considerar también la existencia de otros factores que tienen impacto en el desempeño del grupo. Asimismo, por la naturaleza de la investigación, esta mayor probabilidad está acotada a la empresa que ha sido investigada.Tesi

Propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de las competencias de las habilidades precientíficas y promover la conciencia ecológica en los niños de 4 años del nivel inicial de una institución educativa particular de Villa el Salvador, Lima

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional tiene como objetivo manifestar una propuesta didáctica para el desarrollo de las competencias de las habilidades precientíficas y promover la conciencia ecológica en los niños de 4 años del nivel inicial de una institución educativa particular de Villa el Salvador, Lima. Por ello, fundamenta en el paradigma sociocognitivo en el cual se tomara en cuenta a Jean Piaget, David Ausubel y Jerome Bruner (cognitivo), Lev Vygotsky y Reaven Feuerstein (social –cultural y contextual), Robert Sternberg, Martiniano Román y Eloísa Diez (Teoría de la Inteligencia). La propuesta didáctica contiene 3 capítulos: el primero consta de la planificación del trabajo de suficiencia profesional, el segundo se presenta el marco teórico con las bases teóricas de los paradigmas según distintos autores y el último capítulo la programación curricular.The present work of professional sufficiency work is to present a didactic proposal for the development of pre-scientific skills and promote ecological awareness in 4-year-old children of the initial level of a private educational institution in Villa el Salvador, Lima. Therefore, it is based on the socio-cognitive paradigm in which Jean Piaget, David Ausubel and Jerome Bruner (cognitive), Lev Vygotsky and Reaven Feuerstein (social-cultural and contextual), Robert Sternberg, Martiniano Román and Eloísa Diez (Theory of Intelligence). The didactic proposal contains 3 chapters: the first consists of the planning of the work of professional sufficiency, the second presents the theoretical framework with the theoretical bases of the paradigms according to different authors and the last chapter the curricular programming.Trabajo de suficiencia profesiona

Infratentorial hygroma secondary to decompressive craniectomy after cerebellar infarction

We present a case of expansive CSF collection in the cerebellar convexity. The patient was a 74 years old lady who one month before had suffered a cerebellar infarct complicated with acute hydrocephalus. She had good evolution after decompressive craniectomy without shunting. Fifteen days after surgery, the patient started with new positional vertigo, nausea and vomiting and a wound CSF fistula that needed ventriculoperitoneal shunt (medium pressure) because conservative treatment failed. After shunting, the fistula closed, but the patient symptoms worsened. The MRI showed normal ventricular size with a cerebellar hygroma, extending to the posterior interhemispheric fissure. The collection had no blood signal and expanded during observation. A catheter was implanted in the collection and connected to the shunt. The patient became asymptomatic after surgery, and the hygromas had disappeared in control CT at one month. This case shows an infrequent problem of CSF circulation at posterior fossa that resulted in vertigo of central origin. A higroma-ventricle-peritoneal shunt solved the symptoms of the patient

Surgery guided by 5-aminolevulinic fluorescence in glioblastoma: volumetric analysis of extent of resection in singlecenter experience

We analyzed the efficacy and applicability of surgery guided by 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) fluorescence in consecutive patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Thirty-six patients with GBM were operated on using ALA fluorescence. Resections were performed using the fluorescent light to assess the right plane of dissection. In each case, biopsies with different fluorescent quality were taken from the tumor center, from the edges, and from the surrounding tissue. These samples were analyzed separately with hematoxylin-eosin examination and immunostaining against Ki67. Tumor volume was quantified with pre- and postoperative volumetric magnetic resonance imaging. Strong fluorescence identified solid tumor with 100% positive predictive value. Invaded tissue beyond the solid tumor mass was identified by vague fluorescence with 97% positive predictive value and 66% negative predictive value, measured against hematoxylin-eosin examination. All the contrast-enhancing volume was resected in 83.3% of the patients, all patients had resection over 98% of the volume and mean volume resected was 99.8%. One month after surgery there was no mortality, and new or increased neurological morbidity was 8.2%. The fluorescence induced by 5-aminolevulinic can help to achieve near total resection of enhancing tumor volume in most surgical cases of GBM. It is possible during surgery to obtain separate samples of the infiltrating cells from the tumor borde

Oncolytic viruses as therapeutic tools for pediatric brain tumors

In recent years, we have seen an important progress in our comprehension of the molecular basis of pediatric brain tumors (PBTs). However, they still represent the main cause of death by disease in children. Due to the poor prognosis of some types of PBTs and the long-term adverse effects associated with the traditional treatments, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have emerged as an interesting therapeutic option since they displayed safety and high tolerability in pre-clinical and clinical levels. In this review, we summarize the OVs evaluated in different types of PBTs, mostly in pre-clinical studies, and we discuss the possible future direction of research in this field. In this sense, one important aspect of OVs antitumoral effect is the stimulation of an immune response against the tumor which is necessary for a complete response in preclinical immunocompetent models and in the clinic. The role of the immune system in the response of OVs needs to be evaluated in PBTs and represents an experimental challenge due to the limited immunocompetent models of these diseases available for pre-clinical research

Generalized Regression Neural Networks with Application in Neutron Spectrometry

The aim of this research was to apply a generalized regression neural network (GRNN) to predict neutron spectrum using the rates count coming from a Bonner spheres system as the only piece of information. In the training and testing stages, a data set of 251 different types of neutron spectra, taken from the International Atomic Energy Agency compilation, were used. Fifty-one predicted spectra were analyzed at testing stage. Training and testing of GRNN were carried out in the MATLAB environment by means of a scientific and technological tool designed based on GRNN technology, which is capable of solving the neutron spectrometry problem with high performance and generalization capability. This computational tool automates the pre-processing of information, the training and testing stages, the statistical analysis, and the post-processing of the information. In this work, the performance of feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (FFBPNN) and GRNN was compared in the solution of the neutron spectrometry problem. From the results obtained, it can be observed that despite very similar results, GRNN performs better than FFBPNN because the former could be used as an alternative procedure in neutron spectrum unfolding methodologies with high performance and accuracy

Estudio sobre el aprendizaje basado en problemas y su contribución al desarrollo de habilidades para el uso de las pruebas de hipótesis en los estudiantes del curso de Estadística Inferencial de las carreras de ingeniería de una universidad privada de lima, durante el periodo 2020-I

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explicar la contribución del aprendizaje basado en problemas en el desarrollo de las habilidades para el uso de las pruebas de hipótesis en los estudiantes del curso de estadística inferencial de las carreras de ingeniería de una Universidad Privada de Lima, durante el periodo 2020-I. El presente trabajo de investigación fundamenta su relevancia para clases presenciales y no presenciales brindando resultados positivos de la aplicación de la misma, aportando a la sociedad una herramienta adicional de comunicació efectiva para la transmisión de información importante. La presente investigación se inició el 2019, antes de la crisis ocasionada por Covid-19. A inicios del año 2020 culminamos la elaboración del planteamiento del problema, marco teórico y la metodología, es decir los tres primeros capítulos del trabajo de investigación. La aplicación de los instrumentos se realizó en el mes de julio del 2020 en una universidad privada de Lima, en el marco del estado de emergencia decretado por el ejecutivo, por lo que fue necesario recopilar la información a través de una plataforma virtual, en una clase del curso de estadística inferencial de las carreras de ingeniería, en la que se aplicó la metodología del ABP. La muestra por conveniencia está conformada por diez estudiantes varones y mujeres, con edades entre veintitrés y veintiocho años, la mayoría de ellos; otro grupo de 31 a 34 años y un alumno de 47 años, matriculados en el turno noche en el curso de estadística inferencial. La metodología empleada desarrolla el enfoque cualitativo porque se centra en hechos, análisis lógicos y procesos inductivos. La recolección de la información es no estandarizada, debido a que no sigue un patrón o guía, si no que consiste en recopilar experiencias y opiniones de los estudiantes. El alcance es explicativo porque analiza y sintetiza los fenómenos. El diseño es fenomenológico porque se describe y explica un fenómeno, a partir de las experiencias y percepciones de los estudiantes. Los resultados mostraron que el aprendizaje basado en problemas sí contribuye al desarrollo de las habilidades para el uso de las pruebas de hipótesis de una media, una proporción y dos proporciones. Se concluye que la aplicación de la estrategia del ABP, mejoró el nivel de conocimiento sobre el contraste estadístico de hipótesis.The present study is to explain how problem-based learning contributes to the development of skills for the use of hypothesis tests in students of the IV cycle of engineering careers of a private university in Lima, during the period 2020-I. This research work bases its relevance for face-to-face and non-face-to-face classes by providing positive results from its application, providing society with an additional effective communication tool for the transmission of important information. This investigation began in 2019, before the crisis caused by Covid-19. At the beginning of 2020, we completed the elaboration of the problem statement, theoretical framework, and methodology. The application of the instruments was carried out in July 2020 at a private university in Lima, during the State of Emergency decreed by the government, it was necessary to collect the information through a virtual platform, in a class in the Inferential statistics course for engineering careers, in which the ABP methodology was applied. The convenience sample is made up of ten students, some are male, and others are female. Most of them are between twenty-three and twenty-eight years. But one of the students is forty-seven years. Everybody is registered in the night shift in the IV cycle Inferential Statistics course. The methodology used develops the qualitative approach because it focuses on facts, logical analysis, and inductive processes. The data collection is not standardized, this means that it does not follow a pattern or guide, but rather that it consists of obtaining the students points of view. The scope is explanatory because it analyzes and synthesizes the phenomena. The design is phenomenological because a phenomenon is described and explained, based on the experiences and perceptions of the students. The results showed that problem-based learning does contribute to the development of skills for the use of hypothesis tests of one mean, one proportion and two proportions. It is concluded that the application of the ABP strategy improved the level of knowledge about the statistical contrast of hypotheses.Escuela de Postgrad

Factors associated with a higher rate of distant failure after primary treatment for glioblastoma

Our purpose was to analyze the pattern of failure in glioblastoma (GBM) patients at first recurrence after radiotherapy and temozolomide and its relationship with different factors. From 77 consecutive GBM patients treated at our institution with fluorescence guided surgery and standard radiochemotherapy, 58 first recurrences were identified and included in a retrospective review. Clinical data including age, Karnofsky performance score, preoperative tumor volume and location, extend of resection, MGMT promoter methylation status, time to progression (PFS), overall survival (OS) and adjuvant therapies were reviewed for every patient. Recurrent tumor location respect the original lesion was the end point of the study. The recurrence pattern was local only in 65.5% of patients and non-local in 34.5%. The univariate and multivariate analysis showed that greater preoperative tumor volume in T1 gadolinium enhanced sequences, was the only variable with statistical signification (p < 0.001) for increased rate of non-local recurrences, although patients with MGMT methylation and complete resection of enhancing tumor presented non-local recurrences more frequently. PFS was longer in patients with non-local recurrences (13.8 vs. 6.4 months; p = 0.019, log-rank). However, OS was not significantly different in both groups (24.0 non-local vs. 19.3 local; p = 0.9). Rate of non-local recurrences in our series of patients treated with fluorescence guided surgery and standard radiochemotherapy was higher than previously published in GBM, especially in patients with longer PFS. Greater preoperative enhancing tumor volume was associated with increased rate of non-local recurrences

Herbicidas pós-emergentes para o controle do capim-pé-de-galinha (Eleusine indica L.) nos estádios de pré-perfilhamento e em perfilhamento

Eleusine indica é uma planta daninha de difícil controle com herbicidas pós-emergentes devido ao curto intervalo entre a emergência e o perfilhamento, em que o controle é mais limitado. Ademais, o surgimento de biótipos resistentes motiva realizar trabalhos desta natureza para encontrar mais opções de controle químico. O objetivo desta investigação foi avaliar a eficiência de herbicidas pós-emergentes no controle do capim-pé-de-galinha em dois estádios fenológicos. O trabalho foi realizado em vasos a céu aberto num delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com onze herbicidas aplicados em dois experimentos: um experimento na espécie com quatro folhas (pré-perfilhamento) e outro na planta com oito folhas (em perfilhamento). Foram atribuídas notas visuais de controle aos 7, 14 e 21 dias após a aplicação, coletando a parte aérea da planta na última avaliação para obter a massa seca. Com esses dados foi realizada a análise de variância e a comparação de médias com o teste Tukey a um nível de significância de 0,05. Dos herbicidas testados, pyroxsulam, mesotrione y nicossulfuron controlaram menos do 80 % da população com quatro folhas. No perfilhamento, pyroxsulam, mesotrione, nicossulfuron y tembotrione mostraram controle menor ou igual a 65 %. Independentemente do estádio fenológico, clethodim, haloxifop, amônio-glufosinato, glyphosate, paraquat, indaziflam e ametrina foram efetivos, com mais de 88 % de controle da espécie