Biologia floral, fenologia reprodutiva e polinização de Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. (Annonaceae) em uma área de Cerrado no oeste da Bahia

Annonaceae is a common plant family in the Cerrado of Western Bahia state. However, studies on its floral, reproductive and phenological biology, as well as data on its pollinators, are rare in this region. A common species in this area is Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., whose reproductive aspects are poorly known. This motivated the present work, aimed to study the floral and reproductive biology, phenology and pollinators of this species. The study was carried out in a Cerrado area in the municipality of Barreiras, Bahia State, in the period from October 2015 to September 2017. It included analyses of reproductive phenology, floral biology observations, reproductive system crossings and observations of floral visitors. The flowers of X. aromatica are dichogamous, protogynic. The flowering is synchronous and continuous, allowing the genic flow between the individuals of the species. Among the floral visitors, a Curculionidae was the only one found inside the floral chamber. The protogyny of X. aromatica prevents self-pollination, evidencing the dependence of pollinators to its reproductive success. The highest fruit formation by cross-pollination, coupled with the low geitonogamy rate, suggests a self-incompatible reproductive system for this species.Annonaceae es una familia de plantas comunes en el Cerrado de Bahía Occidental. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre su biología floral, reproductiva y fenológica, así como los datos sobre sus polinizadores, son raros en esta región. Una especie común en esta área es Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., cuyos aspectos reproductivos son poco conocidos. Esto motivó el presente trabajo, destinado a estudiar la biología floral y reproductiva, la fenología y los polinizadores de esta especie. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un área de Cerrado en el municipio de Barreiras, estado de Bahía, de octubre de 2015 a septiembre de 2017. Incluyó análisis de fenología reproductiva, observaciones de biología floral, cruces del sistema reproductivo y observaciones de visitantes florales. Las flores de X. aromatica son dicogámicas, protogínicas. La floración es sincrónica y contínua, permitiendo el flujo genético entre los individuos de la especie. Entre los visitantes florales, un Curculionidae fue el único encontrado dentro de la cámara floral. La protoginia de X. aromatica evita la autopolinización, evidenciando la dependencia de los polinizadores para su éxito reproductivo. La mayor formación de frutos por polinización cruzada, junto con la baja tasa de geitonogamia, sugiere un sistema reproductor autoincompatible para esta especie.La famille Annonaceae est une plante commune dans le Cerrado de l'ouest de Bahia, mais les études sur sa biologie florale, reproductive et phénologique dans la région, ainsi que les données sur ses pollinisateurs, sont rares.L’une des espèces les plus communes est la Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart., dont les aspects relatifs à la reproduction, objectif de ce travail, sont peu connus. Cet article réalise aussi une étude de la biologie florale et reproductive, la phénologie et les pollinisateurs de cette espèce. L'étude a été développée entre octobre 2015 et septembre 2017 dans une région de Cerrado de la municipalité de Barreiras, dans l'État de Bahia, pendant laquelle ont été faites des analyses de la phénologie de la reproduction et des croisements du système de reproduction, ainsi que des observations sur la biologie florale et sur des visiteurs floraux. Les fleurs de X. aromatica sont dichromatiques du type protogynes. La floraison est synchrone et continue, permettant le flux génétique entre les individus de l'espèce. Parmi les visiteurs floraux, un Curculionidae a été le seul trouvé à l'intérieur de la chambre florale. La protogynie de X. aromatica empêche l’autopollinisation, ce qui met en évidence la dépendance des pollinisateurs pour son succès reproductif. La formation plus élevée de fruits par pollinisation croisée, associée au faible taux de géitonogamie, suggère un système de reproduction auto-incompatible pour cette espèce.A família Annonaceae é comum no Cerrado do Oeste da Bahia, mas os estudos sobre a sua biologia floral, reprodutiva e fenológica na região, bem como dados sobre seus polinizadores, são raros. Uma das espécies comuns na área é a Xylopia aromatica (Lam.) Mart. cujos aspectos reprodutivos, motivo do presente trabalho, são pouco conhecidos. O presente artigo realiza também o estudo da biologia floral e reprodutiva, a fenologia e os polinizadores dessa espécie. O estudo foi desenvolvido em uma área de Cerrado no município de Barreiras-BA de outubro de 2015 a setembro de 2017 durante o qual foram feitas as análises da fenologia reprodutiva e dos cruzamentos do sistema reprodutivo, assim como observações da biologia floral e de visitantes florais. As flores de X. aromatica são dicogâmicas do tipo protogínicas. A floração é sincrônica e contínua, possibilitando o fluxo gênico entre os indivíduos da espécie. Dentre os visitantes florais, destacou-se um Curculionidae, único encontrado dentro da câmara floral. A protoginia de X. aromatica impede a autopolinização, evidenciando a dependência de polinizadores para seu sucesso reprodutivo. A maior formação de frutos por polinização cruzada, aliada à baixa taxa por geitonogamia, sugere um sistema reprodutivo autoincompatível para essa espécie

House dust fungal communities’ characterization: a double take on the six by sixty by six project (6x60x6)

Fungi are a group microbes, that are found with particular incidence in the indoor environment. Their direct toxicity or capability of generating toxic compounds has been associated with a large number of adverse health effects, such as infectious diseases, allergies and other toxic effects. Given that in modern society people spend a large part of their time indoors; fungal communities’ characterization of this environmental compartment assumes paramount importance in the comprehension of health effects. House dust is an easy to obtain, time-integrative matrix, being its use in epidemiological studies on human exposure to environmental contaminants highly recommended. Furthermore, dust can carry a great variety of fungal content that undergoes a large number of processes that modulate and further complexify human exposure. Our study aims to quantify and identify the fungal community on house dust samples collected using two different methodologies (an approach not often seen in the literature): active (vacuum cleaner bags) and passive sampling (dust settled in petri dishes). Sampling was performed as part of the ongoing 6x60x6 Project in which six houses from Covilhã (Portugal), with building dates representative of six decades, were studied for a period of sixty days.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Pregnant Women in the Brazilian Amazon and the Risk Factors Associated with Prematurity and Low Birth Weight: A Descriptive Study

INTRODUCTION: Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malaria species in the American region. Brazil accounts for the higher number of the malaria cases reported in pregnant women in the Americas. This study aims to describe the characteristics of pregnant women with malaria in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon and the risk factors associated with prematurity and low birth weight (LBW). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Between December 2005 and March 2008, 503 pregnant women with malaria that attended a tertiary health centre were enrolled and followed up until delivery and reported a total of 1016 malaria episodes. More than half of study women (54%) were between 20-29 years old, and almost a third were adolescents. The prevalence of anaemia at enrolment was 59%. Most women (286/503) reported more than one malaria episode and most malaria episodes (84.5%, 846/1001) were due to P. vivax infection. Among women with only P. vivax malaria, the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight decreased in multigravidae (OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.16-0.82]; p = 0.015 and OR 0.24 [95% CI, 0.10-0.58]; p = 0.001, respectively). The risk of preterm birth decreased with higher maternal age (OR 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19-0.95]; p = 0.037) and among those women who reported higher antenatal care (ANC) attendance (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.15-0.70]; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: This study shows that P. vivax is the prevailing species among pregnant women with malaria in the region and shows that vivax clinical malaria may represent harmful consequences for the health of the mother and their offsprings particularly on specific groups such as adolescents, primigravidae and those women with lower ANC attendance

Mal-estar de professores: revisão sistemática na psicanálise (1998-2018)

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de revisão sistemática realizada pelo Núcleo de Pesquisa e Intercâmbio para a Infância e Adolescência Contemporâneas da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Teve como objetivo mapear a produção acadêmica sobre mal-estar de professores na psicanálise durante os últimos vinte anos, no cenário brasileiro, a fim de compreender como a área tem construído o conhecimento em sua articulação com a educação. Dividiu-se metodologicamente em dois momentos distintos, um que visou compreender a panorâmica desta produção e outro especificamente voltado para uma análise das formas como a abordagem do mal-estar têm sido construídas pelo campo. Foram utilizadas, prioritariamente, como fontes documentais, livros, teses, dissertações e artigos acadêmicos

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Malária durante a gravidez: efeito sobre o curso da gestação na região amazônica Impact of malaria during pregnancy in the Amazon region

OBJETIVO: Estimar o efeito da malária sobre o curso da gestação em mulheres na região amazônica e investigar possíveis fatores de risco nessa população. MÉTODOS: Este estudo transversal é parte de um projeto maior para estudar malária e gravidez na região amazônica. Foram incluídas gestantes com malária atendidas na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas que responderam a entrevistas estruturadas. Dados socio-econômicos, comportamentais e clínicos foram levantados na primeira consulta relacionada a cada novo episódio de malária na gestante. Todas as gestantes foram acompanhadas ao longo de sua gestação. Foram considerados os seguintes fatores de risco para alterações no curso da gestação: idade materna menor do que 20 anos, primeira gestação, primeira infecção malárica e espécie de plasmódio infectante. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 535 episódios de malária em 417 gestantes, sendo 20,56% causados pelo P. falciparum, 78,69% pelo P. vivax e 0,75% pela associação dos dois parasitas. Alteração no curso da gestação foi um evento muito frequente (26,2%). Ameaça de aborto ocorreu em 49 casos (25,5%), aborto em dois (1,0%), ameaça de parto prematuro em 74 (25,1%) e parto prematuro em três (1,0%). Ser primigesta e adolescente apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com ameaça de parto prematuro e abortamento. CONCLUSÃO: A alteração no curso da gestação foi um evento muito frequente durante o episódio agudo de malária, embora a interrupção da gestação tenha tido baixa ocorrência em nossa casuística. Os resultados não evidenciaram um fator de risco de destaque, sugerindo que qualquer gestante pode apresentar ameaça de interrupção ou interrupção da gestação na vigência de episódio agudo de malária.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of malaria on the course of pregnancy in women from the Amazon region and to investigate possible risk factors in this population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study is part of a larger project to study malaria and pregnancy in the Amazon region. Pregnant women with malaria receiving care at the Amazon Tropical Medicine Foundation (Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas) who answered a structured interview were included in the study. Socioeconomic, behavioral and clinical data were collected in the first consultation relating to each new malaria attack. All the women were followed-up throughout their pregnancy. The following risk factors for impact of malaria on the course of pregnancy were considered: being younger than 20 years of age, first pregnancy, first malaria infection, and type of infecting plasmodium species. RESULTS: Five hundred and thirty-five malaria episodes were evaluated in 417 pregnant women, with 20.56% being caused by P. falciparum, 78.69% by P. vivax and 0.75% by the association of both parasites. Changes in the course of pregnancy were very frequent (26.2%). Threat of abortion was observed in 49 cases (25.5%), abortion in two (1.0%), threat of premature birth in 74 (25.1%), and premature birth in three (1.0%). First pregnancy and age < 20 years were significantly associated with threat of premature birth and abortion. CONCLUSION: Changes in the course of pregnancy were very frequent during acute malaria attacks, despite the low frequency of abortion. The present results do not highlight specific risk factors, suggesting that any pregnant woman may be at risk for the threat of abortion or for abortion during acute malaria attacks

Percepções docentes e práticas de ensino de ciências e biologia na pandemia: uma investigação da Regional 2 da SBEnBio

O artigo apresenta e discute uma iniciativa promovida pela Regional 2 (RJ/ES) da Associação Brasileira do Ensino de Biologia (SBEnBio) para compreensão das práticas de ensino de Ciências e Biologia desenvolvidas por docentes durante o isolamento social determinado pela pandemia de COVID-19 no período compreendido entre março e abril de 2020. Aplicamos um questionário on-line a 187 respondentes. Os resultados indicam que demandas metodológicas sobre planejamento, avaliação e estratégias didáticas constituíram os principais desafios nesta conjuntura. Destaca-se também o aumento da carga de trabalho e as dificuldades de acesso à internet de seus estudantes. Concluímos que é um momento árduo para a maioria dos docentes, mas que associações como a SBEnBio podem criar espaços para reflexão sobre essas práticas

Malária durante a gravidez: efeito sobre o curso da gestação na região amazônica

Submitted by Patricia Stilpen ([email protected]) on 2011-04-14T11:37:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Malária durante a gravidez.pdf: 177675 bytes, checksum: 4d24675984ec33c6302e1eb0cd5f8734 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2011-04-14T11:37:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Malária durante a gravidez.pdf: 177675 bytes, checksum: 4d24675984ec33c6302e1eb0cd5f8734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Leônidas e Maria Deane. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Objetivo. Estimar o efeito da malária sobre o curso da gestação em mulheres na região amazônica e investigar possíveis fatores de risco nessa população. Métodos. Este estudo transversal é parte de um projeto maior para estudar malária e gravidez na região amazônica. Foram incluídas gestantes com malária atendidas na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas que responderam a entrevistas estruturadas. Dados socioeconômicos, comportamentais e clínicos foram levantados na primeira consulta relacionada a cada novo episódio de malária na gestante. Todas as gestantes foram acompanhadas ao longo de sua gestação. Foram considerados os seguintes fatores de risco para alterações no curso da gestação: idade materna menor do que 20 anos, primeira gestação, primeira infecção malárica e espécie de plasmódio infectante. Resultados. Foram avaliados 535 episódios de malária em 417 gestantes, sendo 20,56% causados pelo P. falciparum, 78,69% pelo P. vivax e 0,75% pela associação dos dois parasitas. Alteração no curso da gestação foi um evento muito frequente (26,2%). Ameaça de aborto ocorreu em 49 casos (25,5%), aborto em dois (1,0%), ameaça de parto prematuro em 74 (25,1%) e parto prematuro em três (1,0%). Ser primigesta e adolescente apresentou associação estatisticamente significativa com ameaça de parto prematuro e abortamento. Conclusão. A alteração no curso da gestação foi um evento muito frequente durante o episódio agudo de malária, embora a interrupção da gestação tenha tido baixa ocorrência em nossa casuística. Os resultados não evidenciaram um fator de risco de destaque, sugerindo que qualquer gestante pode apresentar ameaça de interrupção ou interrupção da gestação na vigência de episódio agudo de malária

Plasmodium vivax Malaria in Pregnant Women in the Brazilian Amazon and the Risk Factors Associated with Prematurity and Low Birth Weight: A Descriptive Study.

INTRODUCTION:Plasmodium vivax is the most prevalent malaria species in the American region. Brazil accounts for the higher number of the malaria cases reported in pregnant women in the Americas. This study aims to describe the characteristics of pregnant women with malaria in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon and the risk factors associated with prematurity and low birth weight (LBW). METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:Between December 2005 and March 2008, 503 pregnant women with malaria that attended a tertiary health centre were enrolled and followed up until delivery and reported a total of 1016 malaria episodes. More than half of study women (54%) were between 20-29 years old, and almost a third were adolescents. The prevalence of anaemia at enrolment was 59%. Most women (286/503) reported more than one malaria episode and most malaria episodes (84.5%, 846/1001) were due to P. vivax infection. Among women with only P. vivax malaria, the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight decreased in multigravidae (OR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.16-0.82]; p = 0.015 and OR 0.24 [95% CI, 0.10-0.58]; p = 0.001, respectively). The risk of preterm birth decreased with higher maternal age (OR 0.43 [95% CI, 0.19-0.95]; p = 0.037) and among those women who reported higher antenatal care (ANC) attendance (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.15-0.70]; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION:This study shows that P. vivax is the prevailing species among pregnant women with malaria in the region and shows that vivax clinical malaria may represent harmful consequences for the health of the mother and their offsprings particularly on specific groups such as adolescents, primigravidae and those women with lower ANC attendance