Revisiting Qumran Cave 1Q and its archaeological assemblage

Qumran Cave 1Q was the first site of Dead Sea scroll discoveries. Found and partly emptied by local Bedouin, the cave was excavated officially in 1949 and published in the series Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (Volume 1) in 1955. Contents of the cave are found in collections worldwide, and in different institutions in Jerusalem and Amman. While the scrolls are the most highly prized artefacts from this cave, in archaeological terms they are part of an assemblage that needs to be understood holistically in order to make conclusions about its character and dating. This study presents all of the known items retrieved from the cave, including those that are currently lost, in order to consider what we might know about the cave prior to its emptying and the changes to its form. It constitutes preliminary work done as part of the Leverhulme funded International Network for the Study of Dispersed Qumran Caves Artefacts and Archival Sources [IN-2015-067].peer-reviewe

Influence of parental characteristics on the retention of senior 4-H Club members in Wayne County, Tennessee

This study was concerned with the relationship between various parental characteristics and the retention of senior 4-H youth in Wayne County, Tennessee. Data were collected from 30 parents of senior 4-H members and 30 parents of former 4-H members. Senior age 4-H youth were those in the tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grades while former members included those who had been 4-H members sometime during the past four years but had dropped out of 4-H. Sixty parents were interviewed through personal visits and telephone calls. One hundred and ten variables were identified and used as a basis for determining if parental characteristics were related to the retention of senior 4-H members in Wayne County. The statistical test used in the analysis of data was chi square. The .05 level was selected as being statistically significant. Computations were done by the University of Tennessee Computation Center. Major findings of the study were: 1. Background characteristics of parents of senior 4-H\u27ers and parents of 4-H dropouts were not significantly different relative to: father\u27s occupation, mother\u27s occupation, place of residence, property ownership, where father or mother was reared, miles living from Waynesboro, or number of driveable vehicles. 2. Four-H background of parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers was not significantly different relative to: years father or mother was a 4-H\u27er, years father or mother was adult leader, years father or mother was a junior leader, participation in 4-H contests, out-of-county 4-H participation, or out-of-town 4-H event participation. 3. The identification of youth organization emblems and motto by parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. Parents were asked to identify the FFA emblem, FHA emblem. Boy Scout emblem. Girl Scout emblem, 4-H emblem and 4-H motto. 4. Personal and family characteristics of parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. Personal and family characteristics studied were age, number of children in family, health condition, years of school completed and economic level. 5. General personal characteristics and availability of communication techniques to parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. Characteristics studied were preference of voluntary organizations, keeping of records, ownership of a radio, reception of a radio station WAAN, recipient of Extension newsletter, and subscription to Wayne County News. 6. Special interests of parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different regarding sports, reading, music, sewing and baking. 7. Youth participation in sports and organizations of fathers of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with fathers of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. Participation included athletic club, basketball, baseball, football, 4-H, Beta Club, Future Farmers of America, band. church, science club. Boy Scouts, other youth activities. Future Homemakers of America and total activity participation. 8. Youth participation in youth organizations by mothers of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with mothers of former 4-H\u27ers was not significantly different. Participation areas were athletic club, 4-H Club, Beta Club, FHA, band, church, science club. Girl Scouts, other youth activities and total youth activity participation. 9. Participation and leadership in fund-raising drives by fathers of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with fathers of former 4-H\u27ers were significantly different. Fathers of 4-H dropouts were more active in fund raising events. 10. Participation and leadership in organizations and sports by fathers of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with fathers of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. Leadership and participation areas were civic clubs, community club, country club, scouts, church, coach of amateur sports, 4-H, other activities and all adult organizations and sports activities. 11. Adult participation and leadership in organizations and sports by mothers of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with mothers of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. Areas of participation included civic clubs, community club. Home Demonstration Club, Scouts, 4-H, church, coach of amateur sports, fund-raising drives, other activities and all adult activities. 12. Parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers had received more visits from the Extension Agents. 13. Knowledge about 4-H exhibited by parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers was not significantly different. This included what 4-H meant to the parent, knowledge of 4-H being a volunteer organization, the role of a project leader and receiving advice from the Agricultural Extension Service. 14. Parental attitudes relative to the adequacy of 4-H contests, need for other 4-H contests, feelings about the 4-H awards program, competition, project publications, relatedness of 4-H publications to projects, need for 4-H record keeping, emphasis on record keeping, 4-H newsletter, citizenship and leadership opportunities and available projects and activities experienced by parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers were not significantly different. 15. Interest in 4-H with respect to times provided transportation to a 4-H event by parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers was significantly different. Parents of senior 4-H members had provided transportation of their children to 4-H events more frequently than did the parents of the 4-H dropouts. 16. Attendance at a 4-H Awards Program by parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers had a tendency to be significantly different. However, it did not achieve the .05 level of significance. 17. Interest in 4-H as stated by parents of senior 4-H\u27ers compared with parents of former 4-H\u27ers was not significantly different regarding encouraging the youth to participate in 4-H whether or not they provided transportation to 4-H events, attendance at a county 4-H event, event attended, willingness to serve as a 4-H leader, listening to Agricultural Extension Radio programs over WAAN, reading of news column in the Wayne County News, and suggestions on improving the 4-H program. General recommendations were made.

Short Subjects: Suggestions for Moving University Archives

Moving archival material is, in most situations, a formidable task that requires weeks or months of preparation. Even in a college or university setting where optimal conditions supposedly prevail, moving material may still require weeks or months because individuals from levels of the organizational hierarchy, as well as the student body, are affected or involved. Whereas another type of archival repository might shut down for the duration of a move, a university archives (located more than likely within a library) cannot, because it serves users who want ready access to the holdings. A quick and efficient move is, therefore, in the interest of all concerned. How is such a move accomplished

CFD EXPLOSION SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS

PresentationThis paper describes the various activities involved in conducting a number of Quantitative Risk Assessments (QRA) to identify possible risk reduction measures for an offshore platform being located in an Arctic environment. The program consisted of a number of studies, briefly described in part one, that basically surveyed different options to provide a quantitative basis for narrowing the focus to an option that could then be subjected to a sensitivity analysis. One of the valuable characteristics of a QRA study is the ability to compare various options in a sensitivity analysis to determine the advantages/disadvantages of changes in design. Part two of this paper then presents the actual outputs from the QRA to demonstrate the information available to the design engineers on the project. All activities described occurred during the Front End Engineering Design (FEED) phase of the project, starting as soon as the information necessary to start the study was available. It should be emphasized that this particular study was undertaken for an offshore platform, but the principles apply to any type of process where significant hazards are present. In fact, the author is currently involved in the extensive use of a QRA to optimize the FEED portion of an Ethylene Oxide (EO) project

User interface development and software environments : the Chiron-1 system

User interface development systems for software environments have to cope with the broad, extensible and dynamic character of such environments, must support internal and external integration, and should enable various software development strategies. The Chiron-1 system adapts and extends key ideas from current research in user interface development systems to address the particular demands of software environments. Important Chiron-1 concepts are: separation of concerns, dynamism, and open architecture. We discuss the requirements on such user interface development systems, present the Chiron-1 architecture and a scenario of its usage, detail the concepts it embodies, and report on its design and prototype implementation

Vortex knots in tangled quantum eigenfunctions

Tangles of string typically become knotted, from macroscopic twine down to long-chain macromolecules such as DNA. Here we demonstrate that knotting also occurs in quantum wavefunctions, where the tangled filaments are vortices (nodal lines/phase singularities). The probability that a vortex loop is knotted is found to increase with its length, and a wide gamut of knots from standard tabulations occur. The results follow from computer simulations of random superpositions of degenerate eigenstates of three simple quantum systems: a cube with periodic boundaries, the isotropic 3-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the 3-sphere. In the latter two cases, vortex knots occur frequently, even in random eigenfunctions at relatively low energy, and are constrained by the spatial symmetries of the modes. The results suggest that knotted vortex structures are generic in complex 3-dimensional wave systems, establishing a topological commonality between wave chaos, polymers and turbulent Bose-Einstein condensates.Comment: 7 pages main text and 8 pages supplementary information, including 4 figures and 6 supplementary figure