The Effects of Irisin on N?-Nitro-L-arginine Methyl Ester Hydrochloride-Induced Hypertension in Rats

Background: The cause of about 95% of hypertension, an important public health problem, is unknown. Intensive studies are underway to understand the physiopathology of hypertension. Irisin, a newly discovered hormone, has been reported to dilate vascular smooth muscle and lower blood pressure acutely. Aims: To investigate the effects of chronic irisin treatment on blood pressure and renal functions in a hypertension model established by nitric oxide synthase inhibition by treatment with N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. Study Design: Animal experimentation. Methods: Male Sprague?Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=8). Control and irisin groups received an intravenous saline injection, hypertension and hypertension + irisin (hypertension + irisin) groups received 1.5 mg/100 g N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. N?-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (150 mg/L) was added to the drinking water of rats in groups hypertension and hypertension + irisin for three weeks. In the second week of the experiment, irisin (50 nmol/day) was given to rats in groups irisin and hypertension + irisin, and saline was administered to rats in groups control and hypertension for two weeks through subcutaneously placed osmotic minipumps. Blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff plethysmography method. On the twenty-first day of the experiment, 24-hour urine, blood, and both kidneys of the rats were collected. Results: The hypertension group had elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values compared with the control group, with decreased glutathione levels in tissue and serum, but an increase in serum oxidized glutathione level (p<0.05). Histopathologically, increased tubular injury, cast formation, glomerular sclerosis, and peritubular fibrosis levels were observed (p<0.05). Irisin treatment did not cause any significant change in blood pressure, renal functions, and injury scores. However, renal nitric oxide levels significantly increased, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase immunoreactivity was determined to be reduced (p<0.05). Conclusion: Treatment with chronic irisin at a physiological dose does not reduce blood pressure in an experimental model of hypertension. In different models of experimental hypertension, the effects of irisin administration at different doses and at different periods should be thoroughly investigated

Örgütsel Sinizmin İş Yükü, Algılanan Adalet ve Kontrol Açısından İncelenmesi The Determinants of Organizational Cynicism: An Exploration with Perceived Workload, Perceived Fairness and Control

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, algılanan kontrolün örgütsel sinizm üzerindeki etkisinde çalışanların adalet ve iş yükü algılamalarının aracı rolü olup olmadığını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırmaya konu olan veriler toplam 201 akademik personelden elde edilmiştir. Katılımcılar, çalışma yaşam alanları ve örgütsel sinizm anketlerine yanıt vermişlerdir. Örtük değişkenlerle yapılan yol analizinde, algılanan iş yükü ve adaletin, kontrol ve örgütsel sinizm arasındaki ilişkide aracılık rolleri üstlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Şöyle ki, iş yerindeki karar ve uygulamalarda söz sahibi olan akademik personel, hem üniversitedeki uygulamaların adil olduğuna hem de iş yükünün yönetilebilir düzeyde olduğuna inanmakta ve bu da onların çalıştıkları kurumlarına yönelik olumsuz ve şüpheci tutumlarını azaltmaktadır. Elde edilen bu sonuç, algılanan kontrolün çalışanların işe ilişkin tutumlarını (özellikle örgütsel sinizmi) etkilemede kritik role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. The main purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of perceived fairness and workload on the relationship between perceived control and organizational cynicism. Data were gathered from 201 academicians. The respondents completed areas of worklife survey and organizational cynicism questionnnarie. The results of the latent variable path analysis showed that perceived fairness and workload act as mediators on perceived control-organizational cynicism relationship. Thus, academicians who perceive control over the decisions and practices in their workplace, believe that the fairness of those decisions and practices are fair and perceive their workload as more manageable. Subsequently, such beliefs mitigate the negative and cynic attitudes toward their organizations. This result reveals that perceived control plays a critical role in regulating the attitudes toward their work environment mainly organizational cynicis

Fruktozdan zengin beslenen sıçanlarda istemli fiziksel aktivitenin metabolik ve kardiyak işlevlere etkisi

Amaç: Fruktozdan zengin beslenme metabolik değişiklikler ve kardiyak hastalık riskini artırıcı etkiler oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı fruktozdan zengin beslenen sıçanlarda istemli fiziksel aktivitenin metabolik ve kardiyak işlevlerdeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Erkek Wistar albino sıçanlar kontrol K grubu n=7 , on hafta boyunca fruktozlu içme suyuyla beslenen fruktoz F grubu n=7 ve fruktozlu içme suyuyla beslenerek istemli fiziksel aktivite yapan fruktoz-aktivite FA grubu n=7 olarak ayrıldı. Beslenme sürecinde grupların günlük sıvı alımları ve haftalık vücut ağırlıkları ölçüldü. Beslenme periyodu sonrasında kanda glukoz, trigliserit, total kolesterol, HDL, LDL düzeyleri enzimatik yöntemle, insülin, TNF-α ve IL-6 düzeyleri ELİSA metodu ile belirlendi. Kalpler Langendorff düzeneğine yerleştirilerek sol ventrikül gelişim basıncı, maksimum ve minimum sol ventrikül basınç değişim oranları dp/dt maks ve dp/dt min kaydedildi. Kalp, akciğer ve karaciğer ağırlıkları belirlendi. Bulgular: Kilo alımı FA grupta 95,1±14,3 gr , F grubu 109,0±6,6 gr ve K grubundan 113,4±10,9 gr daha az düzeydeydi p=0,04 ve p=0,03 . Karaciğer ağırlığı F grubunda 11,8±1,0 gr , K 9,7±1,3 gr ve FA 10,2±0,7 gr gruplarından yüksek bulundu p=0,01 ve p=0,01 . Serum glukoz, insülin, trigliserit, total kolesterol, HDL, LDL, TNF-α ve IL-6 düzeylerinde gruplar arasında farklılık bulunmadı. Kardiyak işlev açısından,dp/dt maks düzeyinin FA grupta 2351,6±442,2 , F grubu 1320,7±542,2 ve K grubundan 1756,5±468,7 yüksek olduğubelirlendi p=0,01 ve p=0,05 . Sonuç: Bu çalışma bulguları on hafta boyunca içme suyuna %10 oranında fruktoz eklenerek beslenen sıçanlarda istemli fiziksel aktivitenin kilo alımını azaltıcı ve kardiyak kontraktiliteyi artırıcı rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedi

Örgütsel adalet-öğrenilmiş çaresizlik ilişkisinde cinsiyetin rolü: Bankacılık sektöründe bir araştırma

Çalışmanın temel amacı, çalışanların örgütsel adalet algılarının hissedilen öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerindeki etkisinde cinsiyetin rolünü belirlemektir. Özel bankalarda çalışan 179 katılımcıdan elde edilen verilere göre, işlemsel ve etkileşimsel adaletsizliğin çaresizliği arttırdığı görülmüştür. Çoklu grup yol analizi sonuçlarına göre, örgütsel adalet algısının çaresizlik üzerindeki etkileri kadın ve erkek çalışanlar için farklılaşmaktadır. Buna göre, kadın çalışanlarda adalet algılarının öğrenilmiş çaresizlik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi bulunmazken; erkek çalışanlarda işlemsel ve etkileşimsel adalet algılarının çaresizlik üzerinde güçlü etkileri olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, kadınların erkeklere göre çevrelerindeki olumsuzluklar karşısında kendilerini çaresiz hissetmelerinde adalet algısı gibi dışsal faktörler dışında birtakım başka faktörlerin de etkili olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.Publisher's Versio

Usefulness of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) as an inflammatory biomarker in obese children

Conclusion: Our research did not demonstrate the usefulness of suPAR as an inflammatory biomarker and a predictive value for future atherosclerosis in obese children. Further studies with larger sample size are required to determine whether suPAR is useful as an inflammatory biomarker in childhood obesity. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved

The Relationship Between Public, Private Sectors and Growth: the Case of Turkey

2nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences (INTCESS) -- FEB 02-04, 2015 -- Istanbul, TURKEYThe basic purpose of this study is to analyze relationship between investmen and gross domestic products. For this purpose, fistly public ivestment, private sector investment and growth will be looked at theoretically and after this informations, to mesure the effect of public investment and prevate sector investment for gross domestic product from 1980 to 2013. For this measurement, it will be used multiple regression. According to the outcomes of the set econometrical multiple regression models there is a positive and close relationship between investment and gross domestic product.Int Org Ctr Acad Re

A Multi-Center Study on the Efficacy of Eltrombopag in Management of Refractory Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Materials and Methods: A total of 285 chronic ITP patients (187 women, 65.6%; 98 men, 34.4%) followed in 55 centers were enrolled in this retrospective cohort. Response to treatment was assessed according to platelet count (/mm3) and defined as complete (platelet count of >100,000/mm3), partial (30,000-100,000/mm3 or doubling of platelet count after treatment), or unresponsive (<30,000/mm3). Clinical findings, descriptive features, response to treatment, and side effects were recorded. Correlations between descriptive, clinical, and hematological parameters were analyzed. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 43.9±20.6 (range: 3-95) years and the duration of follow-up was 18.0±6.4 (range: 6-28.2) months. Overall response rate was 86.7% (n=247). Complete and partial responses were observed in 182 (63.8%) and 65 (22.8%) patients, respectively. Thirty-eight patients (13.4%) did not respond to eltrombopag treatment. For patients above 60 years old (n=68), overall response rate was 89.7% (n=61), and for those above 80 years old (n=12), overall response rate was 83% (n=10). Considering thrombocyte count before treatment, eltrombopag significantly increased platelet count at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 8th weeks of treatment. As the time required for partial or complete response increased, response to treatment was significantly reduced. The time to reach the maximum platelet levels after treatment was quite variable (1-202 weeks). Notably, the higher the maximum platelet count after eltrombopag treatment, the more likely that side effects would occur. The most common side effects were headache (21.6%), weakness (13.7%), hepatotoxicity (11.8%), and thrombosis (5.9%). Conclusion: Results of the current study imply that eltrombopag is an effective therapeutic option even in elderly patients with chronic ITP. However, patients must be closely monitored for response and side effects during treatment. Since both response and side effects may be variable throughout the follow-up period, patients should be evaluated dynamically, especially in terms of thrombotic risk factors.PubMedWoSScopu