Pemilihan Terbaik Portfolio di Pasaran Saham Malaysia Menerusi Model Markowitz

Pemilihan portfolio amat penting bagi seseorang pelabur dan ada pelbagai eara penentuan portfolio yang terhaik. Dalam kajian ini, pemilihan portfolio menerusi model Markowitz dalam bentuk pengaturearaan kuadratik dilakukan. Data-data untuk kajian ini berasaskan pada prestasi harian dua tahun (2001 dan 2002) bagi 40 saham daripada Pusat Maklumat Awarn, Bursa Saham Kuala Lumpur. Kajian ini menunjukkan hanya 8 saham daripada 40 saham pilihan itu yang patut dilaburkan bagi mendapat pulangan yang diingini sekurang-kurangnya 5.25% dengan risiko yang minimum. Kajian ini juga menunjukkan apabila jangkaan pulangan yang diingini meningkat, maka risiko minimurnnya turut meningkat dan keadaan ini berlaku dengan kadar yang pantas selepas nilai jangkaan pulangan yang diingini lebih besar daripada satu aras yang melebihi 50%. Bilangan saham yang patut dilabur bagi memperolehi pulangan yang diingini menurun dengan kadar yang mantap apabila jangkaan pulangan yang diingini meningkat daripada 10% kepada 45% tetapi tidak berubah bagi nilai pulangan yang diingini sekurang-kurangnya satu aras yang melebihi 45%. Untuk nilai pulangan yang dingini lebih daripada suatu aras yang kurang daripada 10%, bilangan saham yaug patut dilabur meningkat apabila peratusan pulangan yang diingini itu meningkat. Yang amat menariknya ialah keputusan yang menunjukkan bahawa setinggi-tingginya hanya 2 saham (Dutch Lady dan Nestle) sahaja yang patut dilaburkan bagi memperoleh pulangan yang diingini lebih besar daripada satu aras yang lebih tinggi daripada 50% dengan risiko yang minimum dan 9 adalah bilangan maksimum portfolio yang mungkin mewakili pelaburan yang paling selamat dan paling pelbagai bagi mencapai aras pulangan yang lebih besar daripada sekitar 10% pulangan dengan risiko yang terendah. Hasil ini keseluruhannya membawa kepada hipotesis bahawa dalam pilihan portfolio ada aras pulangan yang bilangan pelaburannya paling banyak atau sedikit kepelbagaiannya tetapi tetap dengan risiko yang minimum

Carbon nanotube bumps for the flip chip packaging system

Carbon nanotube [CNT] interconnection bump joining methodology has been successfully demonstrated using flip chip test structures with bump pitches smaller than 150 μm. In this study, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition approach is used to grow the CNT bumps onto the Au metallization lines. The CNT bumps on the die substrate are then 'inserted' into the CNT bumps on the carrier substrate to form the electrical connections (interconnection bumps) between each other. The mechanical strength and the concept of reworkable capabilities of the CNT interconnection bumps are investigated. Preliminary electrical characteristics show a linear relationship between current and voltage, suggesting that ohmic contacts are attained

Postgraduate ethics training programs: a systematic scoping review

BACKGROUND: Molding competent clinicians capable of applying ethics principles in their practice is a challenging task, compounded by wide variations in the teaching and assessment of ethics in the postgraduate setting. Despite these differences, ethics training programs should recognise that the transition from medical students to healthcare professionals entails a longitudinal process where ethics knowledge, skills and identity continue to build and deepen over time with clinical exposure. A systematic scoping review is proposed to analyse current postgraduate medical ethics training and assessment programs in peer-reviewed literature to guide the development of a local physician training curriculum. METHODS: With a constructivist perspective and relativist lens, this systematic scoping review on postgraduate medical ethics training and assessment will adopt the Systematic Evidence Based Approach (SEBA) to create a transparent and reproducible review. RESULTS: The first search involving the teaching of ethics yielded 7669 abstracts with 573 full text articles evaluated and 66 articles included. The second search involving the assessment of ethics identified 9919 abstracts with 333 full text articles reviewed and 29 articles included. The themes identified from the two searches were the goals and objectives, content, pedagogy, enabling and limiting factors of teaching ethics and assessment modalities used. Despite inherent disparities in ethics training programs, they provide a platform for learners to apply knowledge, translating it to skill and eventually becoming part of the identity of the learner. Illustrating the longitudinal nature of ethics training, the spiral curriculum seamlessly integrates and fortifies prevailing ethical knowledge acquired in medical school with the layering of new specialty, clinical and research specific content in professional practice. Various assessment methods are employed with special mention of portfolios as a longitudinal assessment modality that showcase the impact of ethics training on the development of professional identity formation (PIF). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic scoping review has elicited key learning points in the teaching and assessment of ethics in the postgraduate setting. However, more research needs to be done on establishing Entrustable Professional Activities (EPA)s in ethics, with further exploration of the use of portfolios and key factors influencing its design, implementation and assessment of PIF and micro-credentialling in ethics practice. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-021-02644-5

ICAR: endoscopic skull‐base surgery

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International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Mechanical properties of hydrogen functionalized single-walled carbon nanotube

With the growing interest in the mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes, molecular dynamics simulations have been deployed to understand the effect of hydrogen functionalization on the mechanical aspects of both armchair and zigzag single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). Hydrogen atoms are attached to carbon nanotube both axially and circumferentially. From the simulation experiments conducted, it is found that hydrogen functionalization has strong effect on the mechanical properties of SWCNT. For the case of tension, there is a significant drop in the tensile strength and fracture strain when the first hydrogen atom is introduced to both armchair and zigzag structure. However, for the subsequent addition of hydrogen atoms to armchair configuration, there are not many changes to the properties. On the other hand, for zigzag configuration, the addition of more hydrogen atoms further decreases the tensile strength and fracture strain of SWCNT. Under torsion scenario, a reduction in fracture strength with respect to the hydrogen atoms added both axially and circumferentially for armchair configuration is witnessed. But, for zigzag configuration, the fracture strength is not sensitive to the increment of hydrogen atoms added both axially and circumferentially. Lastly, the effect of temperature on functionalized SWCNT is also studied. It is found that temperature plays an important role in affecting the mechanical properties of armchair and zigzag SWCNT, especially at high temperature.Bachelor of Engineering (Materials Engineering

The effect of white collar crime announcement on stock price performance: Evidence from Malaysian stock market

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the connection between ethics and profitability by examining the association between published reports on white-collar crime and the share-price performance of the Malaysian-listed companies. This study aims to examine the role of white-collar crime in Malaysian-listed companies on its stock-price reaction. Design/methodology/approach - Following prior research, even study methodology is used to exploit the stock-price reaction on the white-collar crime announcement. The daily bases of average abnormal returns (AARs) and cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) with an event window of 90 days prior to and after the announcements are determined. This study uses public announcement data of white-collar crimes from Malaysian Securities Commission from 1996 to 2013. Findings - The finding indicates that an announcement of a white-collar crime has a negative abnormal return on the share price. As a result, the market does not react efficiently toward the information released regarding the incidence of a white-collar crime. Practical implications - This study contributes to the managerial decision theory, where managers should be able to see a definite connection between unethical behavior and their firm's stock. The stockholders and policymakers should find this information important in pressing for greater corporate and managerial accountability. Originality/value - Unlike prior research, this paper investigates the stock-price performance due to white-collar crime announcement in the Malaysian context by using complete data set of announcement from 1996 to 2013