40 research outputs found
Cytokinin homeostasis and expression of the genes involved in cell cycle control during kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) regeneration in vitro
Regeneracija in vitro gajenog biljnog tkiva kontrolisana je regulatorima rastenja,
naroÄito citokininima i auksinima. Egzogeno primenjeni biljni regulatori rastenja mogu
interagovati sa endogenim biljnim hormonima i uticati na njihovu biosintezu ili
distribuciju, odnosno menjati hormonalnu homeostazu koja utiÄe na razviÄe in vitro.
Proces regeneracije biljaka in vitro podrazumeva intenzivne Äelijske deobe, a centralnu
ulogu u kontroli Äelijskog ciklusa i razviÄa organa imaju kompleksi ciklina i kinaza
zavisnih od ciklina na Äiju sintezu, odnosno aktivnost, utiÄu pomenuti biljni hormoni. U
tom smislu, ciljevi ovog rada bili su uspostavljanje efikasnih protokola za regeneraciju
biljaka kelerabe (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes) in vitro, sa posebnim osvrtom
na identifikaciju i kvantifikaciju razliÄitih grupa citokinina i indol-3-sirÄetne kiseline
(IAA) u eksplantatskim tkivima sa regenerisanim izdancima, kao i analiziranje obrazaca
i intenziteta ekspresije gena koji kodiraju cikline i kinaze zavisne od ciklina tokom de
novo organogeneze izdanaka. Efikasan sistem za repetitivnu somatsku embriogenezu
(SE) kod kelerabe, sorta BeÄka Plava (BP), je uspostavljen iz nezrelih zigotskih
embriona. NajveÄa frekvencija SE detektovana je kod nezrelih zigotskih embriona u
ranom kotiledonarnom stadijumu razviÄa gajenih na hranljivoj podlozi bez regulatora
rastenja.
UspeÅ”na indukcija de novo organogeneze izdanaka kelerabe, sorte BP i BeÄka Bela
(BB), postignuta je kod odseÄaka hipokotila i intaktnih klijanaca, na podlogama sa
pojedinaÄnim citokininima (CK): 6-benzilaminopurin (BAP), tidiazuron (TDZ), transzeatin
(transZ) ili cis-zeatin (cisZ). Frekvencija regeneracije kao i vijabilnost
regenerisanih izdanaka obe sorte je bila veÄa kod intaktnih klijanaca, dok su meÄu
primenjenim citokininima BAP i TDZ bili najefikasniji u indukciji de novo
organogeneze. Kvantifikacija endogenog sadržaja citokinina i IAA u odseÄcima
hipokotila sa regenerisanim izdancima (HRI) kao i u intaktnim klijancima sa
regenerisanim izdancima (KRI) je ukazala na to da uoÄene razlike u organogenom
odgovoru ova dva tipa poÄetnog biljnog materijala mogu biti povezane sa njihovim
hormonskim statusom...vitro plant regeneration is under control of plant growth regulators (PGRs), especially
cytokinins and auxins. Exogenously applied PGRs can affect the homeostasis of
endogenous plant hormones by influencing their biosynthesis and distribution,
subsequently altering in vitro development. Intensive cell divisions represent the basis
of in vitro plant regeneration, and they are controlled by complexes of cyclins and
cyclin-dependent kinases. The activity of these complexes during cell cycle and organ
development is affected by plant hormones. Respecting this, the aims of this study were
developing efficient protocols for in vitro regeneration of kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea
L. var. gongylodes) with an emphasis on identification and quantification of different
groups of endogenous cytokinins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in explant tissue with
respective regenerated shoots, as well as analyzing expression of genes encoding cyclins
and and cyclin-dependent kinases during de novo shoot organogenesis. Efficient system
for repetitive somatic embryogenesis (SE) was developed for kohlrabi cv. Vienna
Purple (VP) using immature zygotic embryos. The highest frequency of SE was
obtained from immature zygotic embryos at the early cotyledonary stage grown on
PGR-free medium.
Successful induction of de novo shoot organogenesis in kohlrabi cv VP and cv. Vienna
White (VW) was achived using hypocotyl explants and intact seedlings, cultivated on
media supplemented with single cytokinin (CK): 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP),
thidiazuron (TDZ), trans-zeatin (transZ) or cis-zeatin (cisZ). Higher frequency of shoot
regeneration as well as viability of regenerated shoots was detected for intact seedlings,
with BAP and TDZ being the most efficient in de novo organogenesis induction.
Quantification of endogenous cytokinin and IAA contents in both hypocotyl explants
and seedlings with regenerated shoots (HRSs and SRSs, respectively) suggested that the
observed differences in organogenic response between these two types of starting plant
material were related to their cytokinin and IAA contents. The level of total CKs was
higher in HRSs, while SRSs displayed a higher IAA/bioactive CKs ratio..
The quality of digested residue after anaerobic digestion of chicken manure
Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi kakvoÄu digestiranog ostatka nakon anaerobne digestije pileÄeg gnoja. Istraživanja su provedena na postrojenju za proizvodnju bioplina u Republici Austriji anaerobnom digestijom pri 35Ā°C. Istraživanja su obuhvatila kemijske analize (pH, elektroprovodljivost, suha tvar, žareni ostatak i gubitak žarenjem, organska tvar, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd) i bakterioloÅ”ke pretrage uzoraka. UtvrÄeno je da digestirani ostatak u svim uzorcima, koji su blago alkalni, sadrži niski udio suhe tvari od koje je oko 75% organska tvar. Biogeni elementi su u svim istraživanim uzorcima u umjerenoj koncentraciji, vrijednost teÅ”kih metala nalazi se u dopuÅ”tenim granicama. Analizom N:P:K, vrijednosti biogenih elemenata i teÅ”kih metala može se zakljuÄiti da se digestirani ostatak nakon anaerobne digestije pileÄeg gnoja može primijeniti u poljoprivrednoj proizvodnji, posebice u ratarstvu i travnjaÅ”tvu. U digestiranom ostatku su pronaÄeni mezofilni i termofilni mikroorganizmi, dok kriofilnih nije bilo. Ni u jednom uzorku nisu pronaÄene patogene bakterije. Sve izolirane bakterije potpuno su uniÅ”tene nakon sterilizacije.The aim of this paper is to determine the quality of the digested residue after the process of anaerobic digestion by using chicken manure as a raw material. The research was conducted in the Republic of Austria in a plant for biogas production by means of anaerobic digestion at 35Ā°C. The research comprised chemical analysis (pH, electrical conductivity, dry matter, burning residue, burning loss, organic matter, C, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb, Cd) and bacteriological tests of samples. .It was found that the digested residue in all of the samples, all of which were mildly alkaline, contained a low level of dry matter, 75% of which was organic matter. Biogenic elements in all investigated samples were present in moderate concentration; the values of heavy metals were within approved limits. The analysis of the N:P:K ratio, values of the biogenic elements and heavy metals, leads to the conclusion that the digested residues of chicken manure can be used in agricultural production, especially in plant production and grassland cultivation. Mesophilic and thermophilic microorganisms were found in the digested residue samples, but there were no criophilic microorganisms. Not one sample showed proof of pathogenic bacteria. All isolated bacteria were destroyed in the process of sterilization
PrecipitirajuÄi Äimbenici i simptomi u bolesnika s dijabetiÄkom ketoacidozom
The aim of the study was to determine the most common precipitating factors and
symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis and the possible difference according to age, gender and severity of
diabetic ketoacidosis. Medical records from January 1, 2017 until December 31, 2019 were reviewed
and patients diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis were selected. The study included 52 patients, median
age 34 (interquartile range 21-56) years. There was no statistically significant difference between
male and female gender. The severity of diabetic ketoacidosis was moderate in the majority of cases
(65.4%; p=0.005). The most common precipitating factor was infection (61.7%). In patients with
moderate diabetic ketoacidosis, respiratory infections were more common, while gastrointestinal infections
were more common in severe diabetic ketoacidosis (33% and 25%, respectively; p=0.03). Nausea
(median age 32 years; p=0.004) and vomiting (median age 31 years; p=0.01) were more common in
younger age groups, while altered mental status was more common in the older age group (median age
61 years; p=0.001). Infection was the most common precipitating factor. The most common symptoms
in younger age groups were nausea and vomiting, and altered mental status in the older age group.Cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi najÄeÅ”Äe precipitirajuÄe Äimbenike i simptome dijabetiÄke ketoacidoze te postoji li razlika
s obzirom na dob, spol i stupanj dijabetiÄke ketoacidoze. Pregledana je medicinska dokumentacija od 1. sijeÄnja 2017. do 31.
prosinca 2019. godine te su izdvojeni bolesnici s dijagnozom dijabetiÄke ketoacidoze. U istraživanje je ukljuÄeno 52 bolesnika.
Medijan dobi bio je 34 godine (interkvartilni raspon 21-56 godina). Nije postojala statistiÄki znaÄajna razlika muÅ”kog i
ženskog spola. U najveÄem broju sluÄajeva radilo se o umjerenom stupnju dijabetiÄke ketoacidoze (65,4%; p=0,005). NajÄeÅ”Äi
precipitirajuÄi Äimbenik bila je infekcija (61,7%). Kod umjerenog stupnja najÄeÅ”Äe se radilo o respiracijskim infekcijama, a
u teÅ”kom stupnju o gastrointestinalnim infekcijama (33% i 25%; p=0,03). U mlaÄim dobnim skupinama ÄeÅ”Äe su se pojavljivale
muÄnina (medijan dobi 32 godine; p=0,004) i povraÄanje (medijan dobi 31 godina; p=0,01), a u starijoj dobnoj skupini
poremeÄaj svijesti (medijan dobi 61 godina; p=0,001). Infekcije su bile najÄeÅ”Äi precipitirajuÄi Äimbenik dijabetiÄke ketoacidoze.
NajÄeÅ”Äi simptomi u mlaÄim dobnim skupinama bili su muÄnina i povraÄanje, a u starijoj dobnoj skupini poremeÄaj
svijesti
Serum glucose, sodium and potassium concentrations in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis
Aim To investigate possible differences in serum glucose and sodium and potassium concentrations with respect to age, gender and severity of diabetic ketoacidosis.
Methods Medical records from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2019 were reviewed and patients with the diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis were selected.
Results The study included 52 patients. Glucose concentration was significantly higher in the age group of 25-44 and >65 years compared to the group of 18-24 years (p=0.02). Sodium concentration was significantly higher in the age group 18-24 and >65 years compared to groups 25-44 and 45-65 years (p=0.002). Females had significantly higher sodium concentration than males (p=0.002). Potassium concentration was significantly higher in the age group 25-44 years compared to other groups (p=0.01). Males had significantly higher potassium concentration (p =0.01).
Conclusion This study showed that significant differences exist in electrolyte concentration between specific age groups, male and female gender as well as DKA severity. Knowing these differences could help clinicians to promptly recognize and treat electrolyte derangements, leading to better outcome of patients with DKA
The effects of Ī²-lactam antibiotics and hygromycin B on de novo shoot organogenesis in apple cv. Golden Delicious
Since the genetic transformation of the apple is strongly genotype-dependent and generally inefficient, the evaluation of factors affecting shoot regeneration are crucial for the establishment of a successful transformation process. In this report, we evaluated the effects of the Ī²-lactam antibiotics meropenem and timentin on in vitro regeneration via de novo shoot organogenesis from leaf explants of apple cv. Golden Delicious, as well as on the growth of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA 105, and compared them with the commonly used Ī²-lactam cefotaxime. Also, we report for the first time the effect of hygromycin B as a selective agent in the domesticated apple, as regards shoot regeneration and shoot multiplication efficiency. We observed that cefotaxime and timentin at concentrations higher than 100 mg L-1 were sufficient to prevent Agrobacterium growth during a two-week period, while meropenem exhibited an inhibitory effect on bacterial growth at all tested concentrations (25-150 mg L-1). Cefotaxime at a concentration of 300 mg L-1 increased the number of regenerated shoots per explant (9.39) in comparison with the control (7.67). In contrast to cefotaxime, meropenem and timentin caused a decrease in shoot regeneration efficiency, but larger and more developed shoots were obtained on meropenem (25-125 mg L-1) after the same period of cultivation. Hygromycin B at a concentration of 5 mg L-1 or higher completely inhibited shoot regeneration and induced explant tissue necrosis. Therefore, the selection procedure with a final concentration of 4 mg L-1 throughout organogenesis and 10 mg L-1 for further shoot growth and multiplication is recommended for an efficient transformation process in apple cv. Golden Delicious
Sulforaphane affects morphological changes and cell viability of colon cancer cells: p53 mutation-dependent effect
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Among biologically active compounds which have been shown to exert cytotoxic effects on human cancer
cells, including CRC, is sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate compound extracted from cruciferous
vegetables, especially broccoli. This in vitro study aimed to investigate the effect of SFN on the growth
of human CRC cells and its dependency on the expression of p53. Two human CRC cell lines: HT-29
(a p53 mutated line) and HT-116 (a p53 wild-type line) were treated with SFN at concentrations of 0, 4,
8, 16, and 32 Ī¼mol/L for 72 h to test its anticancer effect.
Results indicated that SFN induced cell morphological changes and decreased the total number
of viable cells. Treatment of CRC cells with SFN for 72 h resulted in moderate dose-dependent cytotoxicity.
HCT-116 cells, with a p53-wt, were more sensitive (IC50 = 8.41 Ī¼M) than p53-mutated HT-29 cells (IC50
= 24.83 Ī¼M). These results indicate that SFN exhibits the anticancer effect against CRC cells in p53 mutation-
dependent manner (Serbia-China project: 451-03-1203/2021-09)
Toxicity testing of D, L-sulforaphane in a zebrafish model
Sulforaphane (SFN) belongs to the group of isothiocyanates and is present in many cruciferous plants,
especially broccoli. The positive properties of this bioactive molecule in the form of extracts have been
shown in numerous studies and include antibacterial, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects,
antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, as well as positive effects in various cancers.
However, the potential for harmful effects of SFN has not been sufficiently investigated, particularly for
chemically obtained D,L-sulforaphane. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of D,L-sulforaphane
on zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. Wild (AB) strain embryos and zebrafish transgenic lines with fluorescently
labeled liver cells (Tg(fabp:EGFP)) and endothelial cells of blood vessels (Tg(fli1:EGFP)) were used,
treated with different concentrations of SFN (1 to 20 Ī¼g/mL).
The survival of embryos, developmental toxicity, hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity were monitored for
five days. A concentration of 20 Ī¼g/mL of D,L-sulforaphane caused the death of all embryos, while the
median lethal concentration (LC50) was found to be 14.2 Ī¼g/mL. D,L-sulforaphane exhibited toxic
effects at concentrations higher than 3 Ī¼g/mL, primarily on the development of the swim bladder (4
Ī¼g/mL), and growth and development of embryos (4.58 Ī¼g/mL), while harmful effects on the liver (liver
size and yolk resorption) were observed at a concentration of 10 Ī¼g/mL. Effects on the cardiovascular
system were not observed at concentrations from 1 to 10 Ī¼g/mL. The investigation of D,L-sulforaphane
on zebrafish embryos showed that harmful effects occur at very low concentrations, indicating the
need for further investigation of toxicological potential of this molecule
Induction of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) defense genes by French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) essential oil
When attacked, plants activate defense mechanisms including volatile emission. Besides havinga pest repellent effect, volatiles can induce defense response in surrounding unharmed plants.French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) essential oil (EO) was isolated from the above-ground partsof plants collected from nature by hydrodistillation using Clevenger apparatus. GC/MS analysisrevealed the presence of 42 compounds, of which 97% (32 compounds) have been identified.The monoterpene fraction was dominant (76.9%) with terpinolene (32.4%) and limonene (14.7%)as the most abundant compounds. In order to investigate the potential of marigold EO to inducethe defense of potato, we analyzed 3 genes related to the induced resistance (IR): pathogenesisrelated PR-2 and PR-5 genes, and proteinase inhibitor Pin2. The potato plants were exposed to EOvolatiles during 4, 8 and 12 h. Two leaves of EO-treated or untreated control plants were collected,and plants were then additionally injured by mechanically wounding leaves across the leaf surface.After 24 h of wounding, another two leaves from each plant were collected and expressionof the IR related genes was analyzed by qPCR method. EO induced altered expression of PR genes,while Pin2 wasnāt affected by the treatment. Mechanical wounding increased the expression ofall genes after 4 and 8 h of EO treatment, with up to 4-fold change in PR-2. However, in plantsexposed to EO for 12 h before wounding, the level of transcription in PR-2 and Pin2 was similar tothat detected in untreated controls. These findings support the efforts for environmentally-safepest control in crops by using natural compounds.Uzelac B, editor. Book of abstracts. 3rd International Conference on Plant Biology (22nd SPPS Meeting); 2018 Jun 9-12; Belgrade, Serbia. Belgrade: Serbian Plant Physiology Society; Institute for Biological Research "SiniÅ”a StankoviÄ"; Faculty of Biology; 2018. p. 58
Svest o koriÅ”Äenju veterinarskih lekova u regionu Sjenice kao potencijalnih zagaÄivaÄa životne sredine
The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of livestock breeders on the used
veterinary drugs in order to assess potential environmental contamination in the region of
Sjenica. Veterinary drugs can enter the environment mostly due to widespread usage, but
also as metabolites eliminated from the organisms. In order to evaluate the awareness of
livestock breeders, a survey questionnaire was used. Questions were related to the most
frequently used veterinary drugs without the supervision of a veterinary medical doctor. The
obtained data show that the awareness of domestic animal breeders on the use of veterinary
drugs is very low in the region of Sjenica. The most commonly used veterinary medicines
were antibiotics, streptomycin, and benzylpenicillin-procaine, antihelmintic, albendazole.
Unexpectedly, the animal breeders identified formaldehyde as veterinary medicine and used
it as a disinfectant in poultry raising. The results also show that breeders frequently treat
animals with drugs on their own, without control by veterinary medical doctors. Because of
the wide use of veterinary medicines in the region of Sjenica, it monitoring of the
environmental concentration of streptomycin, benzylpenicillin-procaine, and albendazole, as
well as metabolites in soil and water should be recommended. Moreover, human exposure to
these veterinary medicines could occur because of the abuse of veterinary medicines, no
consultations with veterinary medical doctors, and non-proper handling of waste from
animals.Veterinarski lekovi dospevaju u životnu sredinu najÄeÅ”Äe usled neadekvatnog
odlaganja otpada, ali i kao metaboliti iz organizma životinja. Cilj studije je bio procena nivoa
svesti uzgajivaÄa stoke o upotrebi veterinarskih lekova u regionu Sjenice sa ciljem procene
potencijalne kontaminacije životne sredine. Za procenu nivoa svesti uzgajivaÄa stoke
koriÅ”Äen je anketni upitnik. Pitanja iz upitnika su se odnosila na najÄeÅ”Äe koriÅ”Äene
veterinarske lekove i koriÅ”Äenje bez nadzora veterinara. Dobijeni podaci pokazuju da je nivo
svestu uzgajivaÄa stoke u regionu Sjenice nizak jer koriste veterinarske lekove bez nadzora
veterinara. NajÄeÅ”Äe koriste antibiotike, streptomicin i benzoil-penicilin, antihelmintik ā
abendazol i, iznenaÄujuÄe, koriste formaldehid za dezinfekciju prostorija za smeÅ”taj
životinja, pri Äemu ga smatraju veterinarskim lekom. Zbog rasprostranjene upoutrebe
veterinarskih lekova u regionu Sjenice od strane uzgajivaÄa stoke, a bez kontrole veterinara
preporuÄuje se monitoring streptomicina, benzoilpenicilina i abendazola kao i njihovih
metabolita u životnoj sredini, zemljiŔtu i vodi. Potrebno je preduzeti dodatne mere opreza da
zbog niskog nivoa svesti ne bi doŔlo do izloženosti ljudi ovim veterinarskim lekovima i
njihovim metabolitima naroÄito zbog neadekvatnog tretiranja stajnjaka i drugog otpada.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa meÄunarodnim uÄeÅ”Äem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra
Supplementary data for the article: Stupar, S.; DragiÄeviÄ, M.; TeÅ”eviÄ, V.; StankoviÄ-JeremiÄ, J.; MaksimoviÄ, V.; ÄosiÄ, T.; Devrnja, N.; TubiÄ, L.; Cingel, A.; Vinterhalter, B.; NinkoviÄ, S.; SaviÄ, J. Transcriptome Profiling of the Potato Exposed to French Marigold Essential Oil with a Special Emphasis on Leaf Starch Metabolism and Defense against Colorado Potato Beetle. Plants 2021, 10 (1), 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010172.
Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10010172]Related to published version: [https://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/4499