Matematik öğretmenlerinin matematiksel tanımlamaları, açıklamaları ve doğrulamaları kullanımı: Samet örneği

It is important for teachers to design and use mathematically accurate descriptions, explanations and justifications that are comprehensible and useful for students in the context of reflecting their mathematical knowledge for teaching. The purpose of this study is to examine a mathematics teacher’s mathematical knowledge for teaching function concept by investigating his use of mathematical descriptions, explanations and justifications. The study was conducted as a descriptive case study. The participant in the study was one mathematics teacher (Samet) who volunteered to join the research. Data was collected via observing and recording the teacher’s teaching of the function concept and survey of function concept. The results of the study revealed that the teacher mostly used mathematical descriptions in his teaching. This was followed by mathematical explanations, and mathematical justifications. The teacher’s use of mathematical descriptions, explanations and justifications and his sufficiency at using these varied according to cases. Results indicated some deficiencies in the teacher’s mathematical knowledge for teaching.Öğretmenlerin, öğretmek için matematik bilgilerini yansıtmaları bağlamında, öğrenciler için anlaşılır ve kullanışlı ve matematiksel olarak doğru tanımlamaları, açıklamaları ve doğrulamaları tasarlamaları ve kullanmaları önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir matematik öğretmeninin fonksiyon kavramının öğretiminde matematiksel tanımlamaları, açıklamaları ve doğrulamaları kullanımını araştırarak öğretmek için matematik bilgisini incelemektir. Çalışma, tanımlayıcı bir durum çalışması olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcısı araştırmaya katılmak için gönüllü olan bir matematik öğretmenidir (Samet). Veriler, öğretmenin fonksiyon kavramı öğretiminin gözlemlenmesi ve kaydedilmesi ve fonksiyon kavramı anketi ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları, öğretmenin öğretiminde çoğunlukla matematiksel tanımlamaları kullandığını ortaya koymuştur. Bunu matematiksel açıklamalar ve matematiksel doğrulamalar takip etmiştir. Öğretmenin matematiksel tanımlamaları, açıklamaları ve doğrulamaları kullanımı ve bunları kullanmadaki yeterliliği farklı durumlara göre değişiklik göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, öğretmenin öğretmek için matematik bilgisindeki bazı eksiklikleri olduğunu göstermiştir

A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR EXAMİNİNG MATHEMATİCS TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGİCAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE İN THE CONTEXT OF SUPPORTİNG MATHEMATİCAL THİNKİNG

This study has been aimed to propose a conceptual framework that helps researchers examine mathematics teachers’ PCK in the context of supporting students’ mathematical thinking. “Advancing Children’s Thinking Framework” which is a pedagogical model developed by Fraivillig, Murphy and Fuson (1999) that supports the development of students’ conceptual understanding of mathematics has been adopted as the theoretical foundation. Pedagogical content knowledge (knowledge of students’ thinking and knowledge of instructional strategies and representations) has been examined in the context of supporting mathematical thinking and has been interconnected to Advancing Children’s Thinking Framework. Then, a new framework has been obtained. Instructional examples included within the framework suggested as a result of the interconnection have become the indicators regarding PCK of mathematics teachers in the context of supporting mathematical thinking. Some examples from a performed research where this framework has been used as an analytical framework have been presented. As a conclusion, it can be said that the suggested framework may be a useful tool for the researchers and teacher educators who are dealing with teachers’ knowledge focusing on students’ mathematical thinking and a guide for the teachers.  Article visualizations

A Mathematical Modelling Study Suitable for Bachelor’s Education: The Example of Paying Lecturing Fees

In this study, a mathematical model has been designed to calculate the summer school lecturing fees of Dokuz Eylul University. The modelling in this case has been done for a multiple of one course hour of formal school fee which needs to be determined. Our model has been interpreted geometrically using real variable and real valued functions and analysed based on the directional derivatives of these functions. In addition, the computer programme of this model has been designed and the initial condition semi-differential equation has been formed. The problem status, has been generalized while being exemplified. Keywords: Mathematics, Multivariable Real Mathematics Analysis, Mathematical Models, Mathematical Modellin

Vision-based Fight Detection from Surveillance Cameras

Vision-based action recognition is one of the most challenging research topics of computer vision and pattern recognition. A specific application of it, namely, detecting fights from surveillance cameras in public areas, prisons, etc., is desired to quickly get under control these violent incidents. This paper addresses this research problem and explores LSTM-based approaches to solve it. Moreover, the attention layer is also utilized. Besides, a new dataset is collected, which consists of fight scenes from surveillance camera videos available at YouTube. This dataset is made publicly available. From the extensive experiments conducted on Hockey Fight, Peliculas, and the newly collected fight datasets, it is observed that the proposed approach, which integrates Xception model, Bi-LSTM, and attention, improves the state-of-the-art accuracy for fight scene classification.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables, International Conference on Image Processing Theory, Tools and Applications, IPTA 201

Opieka pielęgniarska nad chorymi z dolegliwościami neurochirurgicznymi w przypadkach nierównowagi sodu

Hormones released from pituitary, hypothalamus and endocrine system are affected in various neurological conditions including traumatic brain injuries, cranial surgeries, and brain tumors can impair the fluid and electrolyte balance of the body. The most frequent sodium imbalance types are the syndromes of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) causing hyponatremia and diabetes insipidus (DI) causing hypernatremia. Hyponatremia related to SIADH and hypernatremia related to DI can cause deterioration of the general medical statuses of the patients and even death through the cerebral edema or cerebral infarcts or low blood pressure related to systemic volume loss and therefore reduce cerebral perfusion pressure, respectively. In this review, the nursing interventions are summarized that could guide the nurses for the early diagnosis and follow-up of the sodium imbalances which are frequently seen in patients staying in neurosurgery clinics. (PNN 2013;2(1):37-42)W wielu stanach neurologicznych, takich jak urazowe uszkodzenie mózgu, zabiegi z zakresu chirurgii czaszki czy guzy nowotworowe mózgu, pod wpływem hormonów wydzielanych przez przysadkę mózgową, podwzgórze oraz systemy układu hormonalnego może zostać zachwiana równowaga płynów ustrojowych oraz równowaga elektrolityczna. Najczęściej spotykane przypadki nierównowagi sodu, to powodujący hiponatremię zespół niewłaściwego uwalniania hormonu antydiuretycznego (SIADH) oraz będący przyczyną hipernatremii diabetes insipitus (DI). Rozwijająca sie z powodu SIADH hiponatremia może doprowadzić do obrzęku lub niedokrwienia mózgu; zaś spowodowana DI hipernatremia doprowadzić może do utraty objętości płynów ustrojowych a w rezultacie do spadku ciśnienia krwi, związanego z tym spadku ciśnienia perfuzyjnego mózgu, a co za tym idzie do pogorszenia stanu klinicznego pacjenta, a nawet do utraty życia. W niniejszym opracowaniu streszczony zostanie opis wczesnego rozpoznawania nierównowagi sodu często występujący u pacjentów leczonych szpitalnie w klinikach neurochirurgicznych oraz opis czynności pielęgniarskich pomocnych pielęgniarkom pracującym w tej dziedzinie. (PNN 2013;2(1):37-42

Tiroıdin onkositik değişiklik gösteren tümörlerine dört olgu eşliğinde genel bakış

Tiroid follikül epitel hücrelerindeki onkositik degisiklikler benign uçta Hashimoto tiroiditi, malign uçta Hurthle hücreli karsinom yada medüller karsinom gibi genis bir spektrumda izlenebilirler. Biz onkositik degisiklik gösteren dört tiroid tümörünü histopatolojik özellikleriyle tartıstık. Olguların üçü kadın biri erkektir. Tümörlerin boyutları 1-6 cm arasındadır. Histolojik olarak tüm tümörlerde follikül epitel hücrelerinde onkositik degisiklikler izlenmistir. Iki olguda papiller yapılanma izlenirken diger ikisinde folliküler büyüme paterni izlenmistir. Bir olguda tiroid papiller karsinomda tipik olarak izlenen nükleuslarda saydamlasma dikkati çekmistir. Diger vakalarda nükleuslar vesiküle olup belirgin nükleol içermektedir. Iki olguda tümör çevresindeki tiroid dokusunda Hashimoto tiroiditi bulguları izlenmistir. Histopatolojik olarak birbirine benzeyen ve zaman zaman tanı zorlugu yaratan biyolojik davranış ve prognoz farklılıgı gösteren dört tiroid tümörü sunulmustur.Oncocytic change in thyroid follicular cells can take place in a range of pathological conditions with Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the benign and Hurthle cell carcinoma or medullary carcinoma on the malignant ends of the spectrum.We evaluated four cases of thyroid tumors composed of oncocytic cells. Three patients were women and one was a man. The tumors measured between 1 to 6 cm. Histologically all tumors showed oncocytic change in thyroid follicular cells.Two cases showed papillary features, and in the others the follicular growth pattern was predominant. In one case, the classical optically clear nuclei of papillary carcinoma were present. The rest had vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli. In two cases the peritumoral area showed the features of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We report 4 cases with oncocytic thyroid neoplasms that might have different biological and prognostic features

Survival outcomes of patients with oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer who were treated with radical therapy: A multicenter analysis

Background/aim: Oligometastatic disease for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients is generally thought to represent a better prognosis with a quieter biology, limited number of disease sites and long-term disease control. In this study, we aimed to determine the efficacy of radical treatment options for patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. Materials and methods: This retrospective trial included totally 134 patients with oligometastatic NSCLC. The presence of oncodriver mutation, tumor stages and nodal status, the number of metastases and involved metastatic site, treatment of primary tumor and oligometastasis, response rate, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated. Results: Of 134 patients 66.4% were defined as adenocarcinoma, 26.1% were squamous cell carcinoma and 7.5% of patients were in other histology. Based on the treatment of primary tumor, in 36 patients (26.9%) curative surgery has undergone, in addition, 19 (14.2%) patients were received chemotherapy, 73 (54.5%) were treated with chemoradiotherapy, while immunotherapy and targeted therapy were used in 1 (0.7%) and 2 (1.4%), respectively. The preferred treatment for oligometastatic lesions were SBRT in 72.4% of patients, surgery in 10.5%, and both SBRT and surgery in 17.1% of patients. At the median follow up of 31.3 months (range: 9.5–48.5), the median PFS and OS times were 17 and 24.4 months, respectively. Moreover, OS-2 after progression was also 7.2 months. Conclusion: Based on our real-life experience, we demonstrated a significant correlation between good response to first treatment and survival in oligometastatic disease, we also understand that local ablative treatment modalities prolong and also delay both OS and PFS in oligometastatic NSCLC patients OS-2

Adrenal ganglioneuroma with lymph node metastasis: a case report

Ganglionöroma sempatik sinir sisteminin iyi diferansiye bir tümörüdür. Adrenal bezde nadiren görülür. En sık görülen tutulum yerleri posterior mediasten ve retroperitondur. Bu tümörler benign olmasına karsın nadiren bölgesel lenf nodlarına metastaz yaparlar. Genellikle klinik olarak bulgu vermezler ve baska sebepler için yapılan arastırmalarda rastlantı sonucu saptanırlar. Histopatoloji, ganglionöroma tanısını koyma ve ganglionöroblastom ile nöroblastom ayırıcı tanısını koymada en önemli basamaktır. Burada sol adrenalde ganglionöroma saptanan eriskin bir hasta sunulmaktadır. Histopatolojik bakıda adrenalde matür ganglion hücreleri ve Schwannian stromadan olusan tümöral lezyon izlendi. Paraaortik lenf nodlarında benzer tümör dokusu saptandı. Adrenal bezde ganglionöroma nadir görülür ve operasyon öncesinde tanı koymak çok zordur. Histopatolojik inceleme tanı koymada en önemli basamaktır.Ganglioneuroma is a well differentiated neoplasia of sympathetic nervous system. It is rare in the adrenal gland. The most common sites of involvement are the posterior mediastinum and retroperitoneum. These tumors though benign, can very rarely metastasize to regional lymph nodes. They are usually clinically silent and detected during exploration of other unrelated conditions. Histopathology is the only tool to diagnose ganglioneuroma and to differentiate it from ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma.We present an adult case with ganglioneuroma in her left adrenal. Histopathological examination showed that the tumoral lesion was a ganglioneuroma composed of both mature ganglion cells and Schwannian stroma arising in the adrenal gland. The paraaortic lymph node showed the same tumoral tissue. In conclusion, ganglioneuroma occurs rarely in adrenal gland and pre-operative diagnosis is difficult. Histopathological examination is the crucial step of diagnosis

Epidermal langerhans cells and dermal mast cells in bening and malignant neoplastic skin lesions

Langerhans cells and mast cells are bone marrow derived cells. They represent a critical role in the immune system in the epidermis and dermis. In this present study, we aimed to evaluate the role of mast cells and Langerhans cells in benign and malignant squamous tumors. This study included 12 patients with seborrheic keratosis, 9 patients with actinic keratosis, 15 patients with keratoacanthoma and 33 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. Dermal mast cells and epidermal peri and intratumoral Langerhans cells were labeled with mast cell tryptase and CD1a antibodies respectively. The number of mast cells were significantly increased in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with seborrheic keratosis (p=0.001). However, this parameter did not show significant difference between patients of other study groups. The number of intratumoral Langerhans cells in seborrheic keratosis were significantly increased in comparison to squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.026). The peritumoral Langerhans cells were increased in squamous cell carcinoma (p=0.007, p=0.001) and keratoacanthoma (p=0.001, p=0.001) in comparison with actinic keratosis and seborrheic keratosis, respectively. This immunohistochemical study demonstrates that peritumoral Langerhans cells and mast cells are increased in number in keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal mast cells which have roles in the regulation of immune system might have different functions in benign and malignant skin tumors.Langerhans hücreleri ve mast hücreleri kemik iligi kökenli hücreler olup dermis ve epidermisin immun sisteminde kritik rol oynarlar. Biz bu çalısmada benign ve malign skuamoid tümörlerde mast hücre ve Langerhans hücrelerinin rolünü degerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Bu arastırmaya 12 seboreik keratoz, 9 aktinik keratoz, 15 keratoakantom ve 33 skuamöz hücreli karsinom olgusu alındı. Dermal mast hücreleri ve epidermal peri ve intratümöral Langerhans hücreleri sırasıyla mast hücre triptaz ve CD1a antikorlarıyla boyandı. Mast hücre sayısı skuamöz hücreli karsinomda seboreik keratoza göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti (p=0.001). Mast hücre sayısı diger tümör grupları arasında farklılık göstermedi. Intratümöral Langerhans hücreleri seboreik keratozda skuamöz hücreli karsinoma göre önemli oranda artmıs saptandı (p=0.026). Peritümöral Langerhans hücreleri ise skuamöz hücreli karsinom (p=0.007, p=0.001) ve keratoakantomda (p=0.001, p=0.001), aktinik keratoz ve seboreik keratoza oranla artmıs olarak saptandı. Sonuç olarak biz çalısmamızda skuamöz hücreli karsinom ve keratoakantomda peritümöral Langerhans hücreleri ve mast hücrelerini sayıca artmıs bulduk. Immün sistemde görevleri bulunan epidermal Langerhans hücreleri ve dermal mast hücrelerinin benign ve malign deri tümörlerinde farklı rolleri oldugunu düsündürmektedir

Bilateral abducens nerve palsy due to middle cerebral artery aneursym

We present a case of bilateral sixth nerve paralysis due to bilateral middle cerebral artery aneurysms.A46-yearold woman with severe headache, nausea and diplopia which had started six days before her admittance was found unconsious at home and admitted to our emergency unit. On neurological examination she was alert and had nuchal rigidity. There was no papil oedema but right subhyaloid hemorrhage in fundoscopy and bilateral abducens nerve paralysis. Although cranial magnetic resonance images (MRI) showed no neuropathology, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was xanthochromic. The emergency digital substraction angiography (DSA) demonstrated a 7mm at the right and 10mm at the left sacculer aneurysms of middle cerebral arteries. After successful clipping of aneursyms bilateral abducens nerve palsies resolved. Subarachnoid hemorrhage should be considered in differential diagnosis of abducens nerve paralysis.Bilateral orta serebral arter anevrizmasına baglı bilateral abdusens paralizisi olan bir olgumuzu nadir olması nedeniyle sunmayı uygun gördük. 46 yasında, kadın hasta altı gündür devam eden akut baslangıçlı, çok siddetli basagrısı, bulantı ve çift görme sikayetleri ile acil servisimize basvurdu. Nörolojik muayenesinde ense sertligi, fundoskopide papil ödem olmaksızın sagda subhyaloid hemoraji ve bilateral abdusens paralizisi saptandı. Kranial MR normal olmakla birlikte beyin omurilik sıvısı ksantokromik idi. Acil yapılan serebral DSA'da sagda 7mm, solda 10mm orta serebral anevrizmaya ait orta serebral arter sakkuler anevrizması görüldü. Anevrizmaların klipslenmesinden sonra 6. sinir paralizisinin geriledigi görüldü. Abdusens sinir paralizisi ayırıcı tanısında serebral anevrizmaya baglı subaraknoid hemoraji de düsünülmelidir