92 research outputs found
GC₃ Biology in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
We describe the distribution of Guanine and Cytosine (GC) content in the third codon position (GC3) distributions in different species, analyze evolutionary trends and discuss differences between genes and organisms with distinct GC3 levels. We scrutinize previously published theoretical frameworks and construct a unified view of GC3 biology in eukaryotes and prokaryotes
Gene expression and nucleotide composition are associated with genic methylation level in Oryza sativa
Background
The methylation of cytosines at CpG dinucleotides, which plays an important role in gene expression regulation, is one of the most studied epigenetic modifications. Thus far, the detection of DNA methylation has been determined mostly by experimental methods, which are not only prone to bench effects and artifacts but are also time-consuming, expensive, and cannot be easily scaled up to many samples. It is therefore useful to develop computational prediction methods for DNA methylation. Our previous studies highlighted the existence of correlations between the GC content of the third codon position (GC3), methylation, and gene expression. We thus designed a model to predict methylation in Oryza sativa based on genomic sequence features and gene expression data.
Results
We first derive equations to describe the relationship between gene methylation levels, GC3, expression, length, and other gene compositional features. We next assess gene compositional features involving sixmers and their association with methylation levels and other gene level properties. By applying our sixmer-based approach on rice gene expression data we show that it can accurately predict methylation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = 0.79) for the majority (79%) of the genes. Matlab code with our model is included.
Conclusions
Gene expression variation can be used as predictors of gene methylation levels
Evaluation of codon biology in citrus and poncirus trifoliata based on genomic features and frame corrected expressed sequence tags
Citrus, as one of the globally important fruit trees, has been an object of interest for understanding genetics and evolutionary process in fruit crops. Meta-analyses of 19 Citrus species, including 4 globally and economically important Citrus sinensis, Citrus clementina, Citrus reticulata, and 1 Citrus relative Poncirus trifoliata, were performed. We observed that codons ending with A- or T- at the wobble position were preferred in contrast to C- or G- ending codons, indicating a close association with AT richness of Citrus species and P. trifoliata. The present study postulates a large repertoire of a set of optimal codons for the Citrus genus and P. trifoliata and demonstrates that GCT and GGT are evolutionary conserved optimal codons. Our observation suggested that mutational bias is the dominating force in shaping the codon usage bias (CUB) in Citrus and P. trifoliata. Correspondence analysis (COA) revealed that the principal axis [axis 1; COA/relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU)] contributes only a minor portion (~10.96%) of the recorded variance. In all analysed species, except P. trifoliata, Gravy and aromaticity played minor roles in resolving CUB. Compositional constraints were found to be strongly associated with the amino acid signatures in Citrus species and P. trifoliata. Our present analysis postulates compositional constraints in Citrus species and P. trifoliata and plausible role of the stress with GC3 and coevolution pattern of amino acid. © The Author 2012
Predicion of charge separation in GaAs/AlAs cylindrical Russian Doll nanostructures
We have contrasted the quantum confinement of (i) multiple quantum wells of
flat GaAs and AlAs layers, i.e. (\GaAs)_{m}/(\AlAs)_n/(\GaAs)_p/(\AlAs)_q,
with (ii) ``cylindrical Russian Dolls'' -- an equivalent sequence of wells and
barriers arranged as concentric wires. Using a pseudopotential plane-wave
calculation, we identified theoretically a set of numbers ( and )
such that charge separation can exist in ``cylindrical Russian Dolls'': the CBM
is localized in the inner GaAs layer, while the VBM is localized in the outer
GaAs layer.Comment: latex, 8 page
COVID-19-associated coagulopathy in children and adolescents
The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in 2020 has become the main health problem across the globe. A special characteristic of the SARSCoV-2 virus is tropism to the vascular endothelium with the development of endotheliitis, which entails a number of typical disorders of the blood coagulation system: coagulopathy with increased thrombin generation, D-dimer, decreased fibrinolysis and prolonged prothrombin time. The coagulation disorder in COVID-19 is called thromboinflammation. Hyperinflammation, increased blood levels of von Willebrand factor, coagulation factor VIII, neutrophil extracellular traps, platelet activation, microvesicles play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hypercoagulation in COVID-19. To date, it is known that cases of COVID-19 in children and adolescents constitute a small part of the total number of patients with diagnosed COVID-19, and disorders of the blood coagulation system are similar to those in adults. The degree of hypercoagulable syndrome and the risk of thrombosis depend on the severity of COVID-19. And for children they are most expressed with the development of a hyperinflammatory immune response, called multisystem inflammatory syndrome. At the same time, clinical studies of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in adults and children and the search for optimal methods of therapy for thrombus inflammation, which underlies the pathogenesis of COVID-19, continue
A Case of Successful Medical Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia in a Patient With Ischemic Heart Disease and Heart Failure
The pathogenetic mechanisms of arrhythmias, including high-grade ventricular arrhythmias (including non-sustained ventricular tachycardia), in patients with coronary heart disease may be different. Therefore, the characteristics of ventricular arrhythmias must be considered based on the totality of data, taking into account all the available features. The importance of a personalized approach to the management of a patient with coronary heart disease who had extensive myocardial infarction 18.5 years ago, followed by mammary coronary artery bypass grafting, aneurysmectomy and the development of heart failure with a low ejection fraction, in whom ventricular arrhythmias occurred against the background of a stable course of coronary disease , but after emotional stress, is reflected in this work. An extended examination, as well as a detailed study of the nature of ventricular arrhythmias, made it possible to determine the main provoking factor and select an individualized pathogenetic treatment with a good antiarrhythmic result that persists for several years of observation. Conducting mental tests and psychological questioning can be recommended for patients with coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure as an additional examination to assess the contribution of the psycho-emotional factor to arrhythmogenesis after excluding the ischemic and sympathetic nature of ventricular ectopia. It is incorrect to consider that all ventricular arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease are ischemic in nature, and in some clinical situations this statement is even erroneous
THE PROCESS APPROACH TO EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN ORGANIZATION
It is proposed the view on engagement in an organization as engagement in the processes taking place in an organization. The authors describe Engagement in an organization Questionnaire development and results of validation and reliability control. The sample is consists of 84 employees.Предлагается взгляд на вовлеченность в организацию как вовлеченность сотрудника в процессы, протекающие в организации. Описывается путь разработки методики «Вовлеченность в организацию », а также результаты ее проверки на валидность и надежность на выборке из 84 человек
Theory of anyon excitons: Relation to excitons of nu=1/3 and nu=2/3 incompressible liquids
Elementary excitations of incompressible quantum liquids (IQL's) are anyons,
i.e., quasiparticles carrying fractional charges and obeying fractional
statistics. To find out how the properties of these quasiparticles manifest
themselves in the optical spectra, we have developed the anyon exciton model
(AEM) and compared the results with the finite-size data for excitons of nu=1/3
and nu=2/3 IQL's. The model considers an exciton as a neutral composite
consisting of three quasielectrons and a single hole. The AEM works well when
the separation between electron and hole confinement planes, h, is larger than
the magnetic length l. In the framework of the AEM an exciton possesses
momentum k and two internal quantum numbers, one of which can be chosen as the
angular momentum, L, of the k=0 state. Existence of the internal degrees of
freedom results in the multiple branch energy spectrum, crater-like electron
density shape and 120 degrees density correlations for k=0 excitons, and the
splitting of the electron shell into bunches for non-zero k excitons. For h
larger than 2l the bottom states obey the superselection rule L=3m (m are
integers starting from 2), all of them are hard core states. For h nearly 2l
there is one-to-one correspondence between the low-energy spectra found for the
AEM and the many- electron exciton spectra of the nu=2/3 IQL, whereas some
states are absent from the many-electron spectra of the nu=1/3 IQL. We argue
that this striking difference in the spectra originates from the different
populational statistics of the quasielectrons of charge conjugate IQL's and
show that the proper account of the statistical requirements eliminates
excessive states from the spectrum. Apparently, this phenomenon is the first
manifestation of the exclusion statistics in the anyon bound states.Comment: 26 pages with 9 figures, typos correcte
Theory of Photoluminescence of the Quantum Hall State: Excitons, Spin-Waves and Spin-Textures
We study the theory of intrinsic photoluminescence of two-dimensional
electron systems in the vicinity of the quantum Hall state. We focus
predominantly on the recombination of a band of initial ``excitonic states''
that are the low-lying energy states of our model at . It is shown that
the recombination of excitonic states can account for recent observations of
the polarization-resolved spectra of a high-mobility GaAs quantum well. The
asymmetric broadening of the spectral line in the polarization is
explained to be the result of the ``shake-up'' of spin-waves upon radiative
recombination of excitonic states. We derive line shapes for the recombination
of excitonic states in the presence of long-range disorder that compare
favourably with the experimental observations. We also discuss the stabilities
and recombination spectra of other (``charged'') initial states of our model.
An additional high-energy line observed in experiment is shown to be consistent
with the recombination of a positively-charged state. The recombination
spectrum of a negatively-charged initial state, predicted by our model but not
observed in the present experiments, is shown to provide a direct measure of
the formation energy of the smallest ``charged spin-texture'' of the
state.Comment: 23 pages, 7 postscript figures included. Revtex with epsf.tex and
multicol.sty. The revised version contains slightly improved numerical
results and a few additional discussions of the result
Comprehensive analysis of the base composition around the transcription start site in Metazoa
BACKGROUND: The transcription start site of a metazoan gene remains poorly understood, mostly because there is no clear signal present in all genes. Now that several sequenced metazoan genomes have been annotated, we have been able to compare the base composition around the transcription start site for all annotated genes across multiple genomes. RESULTS: The most prominent feature in the base compositions is a significant local variation in G+C content over a large region around the transcription start site. The change is present in all animal phyla but the extent of variation is different between distinct classes of vertebrates, and the shape of the variation is completely different between vertebrates and arthropods. Furthermore, the height of the variation correlates with CpG frequencies in vertebrates but not in invertebrates and it also correlates with gene expression, especially in mammals. We also detect GC and AT skews in all clades (where %G is not equal to %C or %A is not equal to %T respectively) but these occur in a more confined region around the transcription start site and in the coding region. CONCLUSIONS: The dramatic changes in nucleotide composition in humans are a consequence of CpG nucleotide frequencies and of gene expression, the changes in Fugu could point to primordial CpG islands, and the changes in the fly are of a totally different kind and unrelated to dinucleotide frequencies
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