Authenticated Digital Avatars on Metaverse by Cyber Security Procedures

Metaverse is the  next generation Internet, aims to build a fully immersive, hyper spatiotemporal and self sustaining virtual shared space for humans to play, work, shop and socialize. In metaverse, users are  represented as digital avatars and using identity, user can shuttle across various virtual worlds (i.e., sub-metaverses) to experience a digital life, as well as make digital creations and economic interactions supported by physical infrastructures and the metaverse engine. Virtual reality headsets are the main devices used to access the Metaverse. Privacy and security concerns of the metaverse. The users need to verify their identity to log into the metaverse platforms, and the security of this phase becomes vital. In this paper, the user authentication methods such as Information-based authentication, biometric based authentication, and multi-model methods are reviewed and compared in terms of users security but in some cases these methods are failed to secure from cyber attacks. In this paper, we proposed,Token-based authentication method to enhance the security for the users to access and work on  the virtual environment

Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcomes of Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Kidney Transplantation

Antibody mediated rejection remains an important barrier to optimal long-term outcomes after kidney transplantation. Donor specific antibody, while not the formidable barrier to transplantation it once was, remains a major risk factor for antibody mediated rejection and its consequences of premature graft failure. Recent advances in understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of antibody production and antibody-mediated injury have led to refinements in diagnostic techniques, and have paved the way for the development of novel therapies to treat rejection and prolong allograft function. The purpose of this chapter is to review the current level at which we understand the pathophysiology of antibody mediated rejection, describe the current diagnostic criteria for antibody mediated rejection, and discuss available and emerging treatments as well as their outcomes

Does cervical favourability and mode of delivery affect the maternal and perinatal outcome in eclampsia?: a cohort study

Background: To study the association between cervical favorability at admission and maternal, perinatal outcome. To study the association between mode of delivery and maternal, perinatal outcome in eclampsia.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study carried out in a tertiary hospital. All women (92) admitted with antepartum eclampsia from April 2015 to April 2016, with >32 weeks gestation, reassuring foetal heart and no other complications were included in the study. They were divided into two cohorts delivery, maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results: Group with favourable cervix achieved higher vaginal deliveries. Perinatal mortality and morbidity were significantly higher in patients with unfavourable cervix (mortality 39.6% and 20.5% respectively, p: 0.046: morbidity 25.6% and 7.8% respectively, p: 0.033), more so in vaginal delivery (RR 2.355). However there was no significant difference in maternal morbidity. Higher induction-to-delivery interval was the major contributory factor.Conclusions: Perinatal outcome was worse in patients with unfavourable cervix at induction. This can be attributed to increased induction to delivery time and vaginal route of delivery. Prolonged induction should be avoided in eclampsia

Impact of ingenious pre-treatments on performance indices and dimensional properties of kodo millet

The present study focussed on standardisation of suitable method for kodo dehulling and evaluated the outcome percentage of dehulled kodo millet. A combination of abrasive and centrifugal type of dehulling  and hydrothermal treatment followed by centrifugal dehulling was applied on whole kodo millet. Only centrifugal dehulled millet was taken as control. Dehulling index, Coefficient of dehulling, degree of dehulling and overall dehulling efficiency was more compared to control samples. Principal axial dimensions, dimensional parameters such as sphericity, aspect ratio, geometric and arithmetic mean diameter was calculated and had significant difference between control and experimental samples

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON THE CONCEPT OF DRUG AS A WHOLE

Drug is an independent variable and one among Pada Chatustaya. Successful treatment depends on the choice of appropriate dose and dosage form. Nowadays the advancement in science has led to the extensive use of extracts and isolated compounds. Principles of extraction are seen in the classical dosage forms where a suitable homogenous medium was used based on the type of the drug. Drugs having water-soluble fraction are used as Kwatha, those having fat-soluble fractions are used as Ghrita/ Taila and so on. Present day extracts are obtained by extracting herbal drug of certain particle size with suitable extraction medium. Ayurveda propounds the principles of Rasa Panchaka and attributes the actions of a drug to any one of the Rasa-Vipaka-Guna-Veerya-Prabhava where each component plays a specific role or a combined role. Hence a chemically isolated derivative may not serve the purpose and will produce adverse effects. Even-though drugs have got some active principles with which they work, they have some other fractions too, which counteract their bad effects, if any. Therefore Ayurveda advocates that drug should be used as a whole so that the desired effects may have without any side effects. Therefore, research works should be directed towards providing the use of whole drugs and find ways to potentiate the drugs as per principles of Ayurveda. This article highlights the importance of administration of drug as a whole rather than extracts or isolated phytochemicals.

Dynamic Transmission Scheduling for Contention Mitigation in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) heavily rely on a dense deployment of sensor nodes in order to ease deployment, increase fault-tolerance and network coverage, so that events do not go undetected. A dense deployment however results in several sensor nodes close to each other detecting and transmitting event reports at almost the same time, resulting in severe contention for channel access. Channel contention is a serious problem in WSNs resulting in collisions, re-transmissions, energy depletion, and ultimately loss of event reports. TDMA-based protocols prevent contention, but require tight synchronization and may lead to severe wastage of bandwidth especially in event-based applications where the traffic is bursty in nature. Other approaches that handle spatially correlated contention are fairly complex and contradict the reason for dense deployment, by selecting only a subset of nodes that generate and transmit event reports, affecting the fault-tolerance and confidence of event detection. Motivated by the challenge to reduce contention and improve performance, we propose a protocol that dynamically schedules transmissions in the network. The protocol exploits the broadcast nature of a wireless medium, which allows nodes to overhear transmissions of neighboring nodes and establish a cooperative transmission schedule dynamically, without the need for synchronization or explicit message exchange. To further mitigate contention, we propose a heuristic to reduce the number of active forwarder nodes in the network, by increasing the overlap of forwarder nodes used while routing packets. This forwarding mechanism can isolate the areas prone to interference, within which the dynamic transmission scheduling mechanism works better to mitigate contention. We evaluate the performance of our protocol using the NS2 simulator. Results show that our protocol significantly reduces collisions and re-transmissions, thereby improving the performance of the network

Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the maxilla

Primary intraosseous mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PIOC) is an infrequent malignancy of the head and neck that exhibits diverse biological behavior. The rareness of the location for a salivary gland tumor and the clinical and radiographic manifestations, suggestive of an odontogenic lesion often pose a diagnostic challenge. We hereby report such a unique case of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma that presented in an ambiguous manner, developing in the maxilla and intruding into the adjacent vital structures, adding a literature review.Keywords: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma, salivary gland malignancy, maxilla, CT imaging,histopathologic pictur

Various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions

Background: To study the various forms of tobacco usage and its associated oral mucosal lesions among the patients attending Vishnu Dental College Bhimavaram. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a total of 450 patients who were divided into three groups based upon type of tobacco use, as Group-1 Reverse smoking, Group-2 Conventional smoking, Group-3 Smokeless tobacco group and each group consists of 150 subjects. Results: Reverse smoking was observed to be more prevalent among old females with smoker’s palate and carcinomatous lesions being the most common. Conventional smoking was observed more in male patients with maximum occurrence of leukoplakia and tobacco associated melanosis. Smokeless tobacco habit was predominantly seen in younger males. Habit specific lesions like tobacco pouch keratosis, Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), Quid induced lichenoid reaction were noticed in smokeless tobacco habit group except for erythroplakia which was noticed only in conventional smoking group and it was not significant statistically . Conclusions: In the present study it was found that the usage of reverse smoking habit was most commonly seen in females and this habit is practiced in and surrounding areas of Bhimavaram with more occurrence of carcinoma compared to conventional smoking and smokeless tobacco

Stability-indicating RP-HPLC method applied to the quantification of anti-histaminic drug ebastine in its oral suspension dosage form

For the quantification of ebastine in pharmaceutical suspension, a simple, quick, accurate, and exact stability-indicating HPLC approach was developed and validated. The drug was determined using a phase reverse system and the separation was performed in an analytical C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The mobile phase consists of 0.1% orthophosphoric acid and methanol in a 25:75, v/v ratio. Using a concentration range of 10–90 μg mL-1, the technique demonstrated a strong linear response (r=0.999). Effluents were measured at 262 nm while the flow rate was kept at 1.0 mL min-1. There was a retention time of 3.506 min. The method was statistically validated to determine its accuracy, precision, linearity, ruggedness, robustness, solution stability, selectivity, and forced degradation assessments. The stresses that were used were acid, alkali hydrolysis, water stress, oxidation, photolysis, and heat. Since the degradation products did not affect the capacity to identify ebastine, this technique may be taken as a stability indication. This methodology may be utilized for the analysis of Ebastine in pharmaceutical suspension, since the findings obtained were within the limits set by ICH standards