Incidencia de las mayorías parlamentarias en el éxito del Ejecutivo: un análisis de la gestión de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner

El presente trabajo estudia las relaciones que se presentan entre el Poder Ejecutivo y el Legislativo, en un sistema presidencialista, donde el Presidente tiene importantes atribuciones legislativas. Especialmente el trabajo se basa en analizar sobre el impacto que genera los diferentes tipos de gobierno en la capacidad que tiene el Poder Ejecutivo para lograr imponer su agenda política. El análisis consiste en analizar el primer mandato presidencial de Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, el que va desde el 2008 hasta el 2011, ya que en él se puede observar un cambio de gobierno que permite analizar cada uno de los tipos de gobierno en un único mandato presidencial

Caso atípico de aneurisma disecante de aorta ascendente en un bovino Aberdeen Angus

Se describe un caso mortal de aneurisma aórtico disecante en una vaca Aberdeen Angus adulta, acontecido en un establecimiento del partido de Lezama, Pcia. de Bs. As. Argentina. Este tipo de lesiones vasculares son extremadamente raras en los bovinos. Los pocos reportes existentes en la bibliografía se refieren a aneurismas de vasos intra-abdominales en la raza Holstein; y principalmente afectan a la arteria gástrica izquierda, arteria celíaca, mesentérica craneal, aorta abdominal, arteria ruminal izquierda y derecha. Los aneurismas están bien descritos en humanos, y en menor medida en algunas especies de mamíferos y aves. En el hombre se relacionan fuertemente con arteriosclerosis, o con enfermedades hereditarias que afectan la producción de fibrilina (Síndrome de Marfan). En los equinos se reconoce como causa de aneurisma de la arteria mesentérica craneal a la migración de larvas de Strongylus vulgaris. En los pavos la ruptura espontánea de la aorta se asocia a carencia de cobre, malnutrición e hipertensión. La etiología en los bovinos permanece sin esclarecerse; aunque en algunos casos se ha trazado un paralelismo con el síndrome de Marfan humano. El objetivo de esta publicación es describir un caso de aneurisma de aorta ascendente, haciendo hincapié en los hallazgos macroscópicos e histopatológicos.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Ubicación y peso de Micelio de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum para producir infeccion en lechuga (Lactuca sativa)

p.85-88El objetivo del presente trabajo es evaluar la distancia crítica para la inoculación del micelio de Sclerotinia sclerotiorum al cuello de la planta de lechuga (Lactuca sativa) y el peso del mismo para producir infección y caída de las plántulas en cámara de cultivo. La mayor cantidad de plantas caídas se obtuvo con 0,7 y 2,8 grs de inoculo (masa miceliar) ubicado junto al cuello de la planta. Estos resultados pueden ser de utilidad para estudios acerca del control cultural, químico o biológico de la podredumbre ocasionada por S. sclerotiorum en lechuga

Efectos de extractos de una cianófita (Nostoc muscorum) sobre Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en plántulas de lechuga

p.1-4Sclerotinia sclerotiorum puede causar importantes pérdidas en cultivos de lechuga. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de extractos etéreos y acuosos de un cultivo del alga Nostoc muscorum sobre plántulas de lechuga inoculadas con Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en cámaras de cultivo. El extracto algal etéreo aplicado sobre el tallo de las plántulas retardó la expresión de los síntomas producidos. No se encontraron diferencias significativas con la aplicación de extractos acuosos

Epidemiology of chronic disease related to arsenic in Argentina: A systematic review

Four million people in Argentina are exposed to arsenic contamination from drinking waters of several center-northern provinces. A systematic review to examine the geographical distribution of arsenic-related diseases in Argentina was conducted, searching electronic databases and gray literature up to November 2013. Key informants were also contacted. Of the 430 references identified, 47 (mostly cross-sectional and ecological designs) referred to arsenic concentration in water and its relationship with the incidence and mortality of cancer, dermatological diseases and genetic disorders. A high percentage of the water samples had arsenic concentrations above the WHO threshold value of 10. μg/L, especially in the province of Buenos Aires. The median prevalence of arsenicosis was 2.6% in exposed areas. The proportion of skin cancer in patients with arsenicosis reached 88% in case-series from the Buenos Aires province. We found higher incidence rate ratios per 100. μg/L increment in inorganic arsenic concentration for colorectal, lung, breast, prostate and skin cancer, for both genders. Liver and skin cancer mortality risk ratios were higher in regions with medium/high concentrations than in those with low concentrations. The relative risk of mortality by skin cancer associated to arsenic exposure in the province of Buenos Aires ranged from 2.5 to 5.2. In the north of this province, high levels of arsenic in drinking water were reported; however, removal interventions were scarcely documented. Arsenic contamination in Argentina is associated with an increased risk of serious chronic diseases, including cancer, showing the need for adequate and timely actions.Fil: Bardach, Ariel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Ciapponi, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Soto, Natalie. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Chaparro, Raul Martin. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Calderon, Maria. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Briatore, Agustina. Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Cadoppi, Norma. Foro Estratégico para el Desarrollo Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Tassara, Roberto. Foro Estratégico para el Desarrollo Nacional; ArgentinaFil: Litter, Marta Irene. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica; Argentin

Cost-effectiveness of blood culture and a multiplex real-time PCR in hematological patients with suspected sepsis: an observational propensity score-matched study

We evaluated the costs and clinical outcomes of episodes of suspected sepsis in hematological patients. A propensity score-matched study was planned, comparing a retrospective cohort managed with standard assays and a prospective cohort managed with the addition of a molecular assay. Diagnostic procedures and therapy were considered as costs variables. The primary clinical endpoint was sepsis-related mortality, whereas the length of each suspected sepsis episode was investigated as a secondary endpoint. A total of 137 and 138 episodes in the prospective and the retrospective cohorts were studied, respectively; 101 pairs of highly matched episodes were analyzed, evidencing a trend of higher mortality in the retrospective cohort. No difference in length of suspected sepsis episode was observed. Significant savings were observed in the prospective cohort, especially due to reduced costs in antifungal therapy. The apparently more expensive molecular assay favored a more rational use of economic resources without influencing, and probably improving, the clinical outcome

Importância do contexto sociofamiliar na abordagem de crianças obesas Importance of the social and familial context in the management of obese children

OBJETIVO: Aprofundar a compreensão das interações interpessoais das crianças obesas no contexto familiar e social. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada uma metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa, adotando-se uma fundamentação teórico-metodológica apoiada na teoria sistêmica. Empregaram-se os seguintes instrumentos: entrevistas de aprofundamento; técnica do genograma e desenhos da imagem corporal. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram crianças e seus familiares (pai, mãe e irmãos), atendidos pelo serviço de Nutrologia Pediátrica do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. RESULTADOS: Evidenciaram-se os seguintes indicadores relevantes: segredos familiares das histórias de origem das figuras parentais; relação emaranhada mãe/filhos que indica certo distanciamento dos pais na relação com as crianças; fenômenos transgeracionais em seus aspectos biológicos e simbólicos da obesidade em três gerações dos grupos familiares estudados; mitos e lealdades familiares, os quais se apresentaram como um suporte da identidade pessoal e familiar no ser gordo. Os sinalizadores auxiliaram a compreender as dificuldades do processo de diferenciação dessas crianças, ou seja, a possibilidade de o emagrecimento ser vivenciado como uma ameaça aos processos de identidade do grupo familiar. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo possibilitou demonstrar a importância de contextualizar a obesidade na infância, retirando a responsabilidade pelo problema da própria criança e deslocando-a para o contexto sociofamiliar. A prática desta pesquisa indicou outras possibilidades de intervenção, ressaltando a atuação interdisciplinar como postura profissional relevante para o tratamento da obesidade na infância.<br>OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to understand obese children's interpersonal interactions in family and social contexts. METHODS: A qualitative methodology of research was used and the methodological and theoretical support was based on the systemic theory. The following tools were applied: interviews, genogram technique and drawings regarding body image. The subjects of the research were children and their relatives (parents and siblings) assisted by the Pediatric Nutrology Service at the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Minas Gerais. RESULTS: The analysis showed the following relevant contents among children's perceptions: family secrets regarding the stories of parental figures' origins; distant relationship of the parents in relation to the children; transgenerational phenomena in their biologic and symbolic aspects of obesity in three generations of the studied family groups; family myths and loyalties, which supported the obesity identity in the family group. These indicators helped to understand the difficulties of the process of differentiation of these children, that is, the possibility that loosing weight may be seen as a threat to their identity process in the family groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows the importance of contextualizing obesity in childhood, shifting the focus away from the child's self-responsibility and widening it to encompass the social/family context, highlighting the interdisciplinary action as a relevant professional approach to treat obesity in children