Korelasi Antara Dukungan Sosial Orang Tua Dan Self‐Directed Learning Pada Siswa SMA

The purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between parental social support and self direction in learning on highschool students. The population of this research was the students of SMA Negeri 1 Medan, and a sample of 195 students was recruited from the 10 th grade, the 11 th grade, and the 12 th grade. The researcher used a set of two Likert scales, including Self Directed Learning Scale, which was designed according to the components of self direction in learning by Candy (1991), and Parental Social Support Scale, which was designed based on the dimensions of social support by Sarafino (2002). The Parental Social Support Scale consists of 50 items, and the reliability of the scale is r=0.960. The Self Directed Learning Scale consists of 50 items, and the reliability of the scale is r=0.940. To analyze the result, the researcher used Pearson Product Moment Coefficient Correlation. Outcome of data analysis shows there is significant correlation between parental social support and self direction in learning. The results showed a positive correlation between parental social support and self direction in learning on highschool students (r = 0.477; ρ <0,05). It indicated that the higher the parental social support, the higher the self direction in learning and conversely the lower the social support of parents the lower the self direction in learning

Fermentabilitas Ransum Sapi Perah Berbasis Jerami Padi Yang Mengandung Konsentrat Yang Difermentasi Oleh Saccharomyces Creviseae Dan Em-4

Musim kemarau menyebabkan banyak peternak sapi perah memanfaatkan jerami padi sebagai pakan sumberserat, namun bahan pakan ini memiliki kualitas dan kecernaan nutrien yang rendah. Pengunaan konsentratfermentasi diharapkan dapat menutupi kekurangan limbah tersebut dalam ransum. Penelitian menggunakanRancangan Acak Lengkap dan data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan Uji Kontras Orthogonal. Ransum percobaanterdiri atas 1) 50% jerami padi+50% konsentrat 2) 50% jerami padi+25% konsentrat+25% konsentrat terfermentasi.3) 50% jerami padi+50% konsentrat terfermentasi. Konsentrat terfermentasi yang digunakan diperoleh darihasil fermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Effective Microorganisms-4 (EM-4) selama 3 hari. Hasilmenunjukkan bahwa penggunaan konsentrat terfermentasi sebanyak 50% dalam ransum dapat menurunkan(P&lt;0,05) produksi asam lemak terbang dan N-NH3 dalam cairan rumen dengan rataan konsentrasi yang diperolehuntuk masing-masing sebesar 114 dan 4,27 mM, namun konsentrasi ini masih dalam kisaran yang dibutuhkanoleh mikroba rumen. Kesimpulan, konsentrat termentasi dapat digunakan sampai 50% dalam ransum sapi perahberbasis jerami padi. Kata Kunci: Microorganisms-4, fermentabilitas, jerami padi, konsentrat, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, sapipera

Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN) Ransum Domba yang Mengandung Kulit Buah Melinjo

Kulit buah melinjo memiliki potensi sebagai pakan sumber energi untuk ruminansia, namun saat ini belum banyak yang memanfaatkannya. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengukur total digestible nutrient (TDN) ransum yang mengandung kulit buah melinjo. Dua puluh ekor domba betina dialokasikan ke dalam 5 macam ransum perlakuan yang mengandung 0% (R1), 5% (R2), 10% (R3), 15% (R4), dan 20% (R5) tepung kulit buah melinjo. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan uji Duncan. Peubah yang diukur adalah kecernaan protein kasar, kecernaan lemak kasar, kecernaan serat kasar, kecernaan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN), dan TDN. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kecernaan lemak kasar, kecernaan BETN dan TDN dan tidak terhadap kecernaan protein kasar dan kecernaan serat kasar. Ransum yang menggunakan kulit buah melinjo sebanyak 20% (R5) menghasilkan kecernaan BETN yang paling tinggi (P<0,05) sama dengan perlakuan R3 dan R4. Sementara itu, lemak kasar dan TDN memiliki nilai yang paling rendah (P<0,05) diantara perlakuan, akan tetapi nilai TDN (70,17%) tersebut masih dalam kisaran kebutuhan domba. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa tepung kulit buah melinjo sebanyak 20% dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan dalam ransum domba dan menghasilkan nilai TDN yang optimal.

Pengaruh Interval Pemotongan Rumput Brachiaria Humidicola (Rendle) Schweick terhadap Konsentrasi Amonia dan Asam Lemak Terbang (In Vitro)

The existence of weeds significantly depressed productivity and quality of herbage. Physically weed controlled by defoliation could be expected to sustain quality and production of herbage, and able to control weeds expansion. The aims of study were to find the effect of interval defoliations of B. humidicola that invited by C. odorata and its effect on concentration of ammonia and volatile fatty acid of B. humidicola herbage (in vitro). The experiment was carried out at Laboratory of Agrostology, Faculty of Animal Science Bogor Agricultural University. In vitro digestibility of herbage was analyzed at Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. Split plot design in time was used in the field experiment. The treatments were nine different planting methods and different defoliation intervals. Defoliation times are divided on the first defoliation and the last defoliation. The results showed that concentration of both ammonia and volatile fatty acid of herbage, which defoliated every 60 days were found significantly higher than those defoliated every 30 days and 90 days. Present and defoliation of C. odorata didn\u27t give significant effect on the concentration of ammonia and volatile fatty acid of B. humidicola herbage

Konsentrasi Amonia dan Asam Lemak Terbang Rumput Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick pada Berbagai Interval Pemotongan (In Vitro)

Keberadaan gulma secara nyata menurunkan produksi dan kualitas hijauan. Pengendalian gulma secara fisik diharapkan dapat mempertahnakan kualitas dan produksi hijauan, dan mampu mengendalikan penyebaran gulma. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh interval pemotongan dari rumput B. humidicola yang diinvasi oleh C. odorata  dan pengaruhnya terhapa konsentrasi ammonia dan VFA hijauan (in vitro).  Penelitian telah dilakuak  di laboratorium agrostology, Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Analisis kecernaan in vitro dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Ruminansia dan Kimia Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan split plot dalam waktu telah digunakan pada penelitian ini. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah sembilan metode penanaman yang berbeda dan interval pemotongan yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi amonia dan asam lemak terbang dari hijauan yang dipotong dengan interval pemotongan 60 hari lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pomotongan lainnnya.  Kehadiran  dan pengendalian C. odorata tidak berpengaruh pada konsentrasi amonia dan asam lemak terbang dari hijauan B. Humidicola.Kata kunci: ammonia, asam lemak terbang, interval pemotongan, in vitr

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Human leptospirosis distribution pattern analysis in Hulu Langat, Selangor

This paper discussed the distribution pattern of human leptospirosis in the Hulu Langat District, Selangor, Malaysia. The data used in this study is leptospirosis cases' report, and spatial boundaries. Leptospirosis cases, data were collected from Health Office of Hulu Langat and spatial boundaries, including lot and district boundaries was collected from the Department of Mapping and Surveying Malaysia (JUPEM). A total of 599 leptospirosis cases were reported in 2013, and this data was mapped based on the addresses provided in the leptospirosis cases' report. This study uses three statistical methods to analyze the distribution pattern; Moran's I, average nearest neighborhood (ANN) and kernel density estimation. The analysis was used to determine the spatial distribution and the average distance of leptospirosis cases and located the hotspot locations. Using Moran's I analysis, results indicated the cases were random, with a value of -0.202816 which show negative spatial autocorrelation exist among leptospirosis cases. The ANN analysis result, indicated the cases are in cluster pattern, with value of the average nearest neighbor ratio is -21.80. And results also show the hotspots are has been identified and mapped in the Hulu Langat District

Pengaruh Berbagai Tingkat Penggunaan Ampas Ganyong (Canna Edulis Kerr) dalam Ransum terhadap Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan (In Vitro)

Canna waste is the processing waste of canna tubers into flour. This feed ingredient has potential as ruminant feed. The research aims to evaluate the use of canna waste in rations in vitro. The study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were rations containing 0% (R0), 10% (R1), 20% (R2) and 30% (R3) canna waste. The resulting data were analyzed by Duncan's test. The use of canna waste did not have a significant effect on the production of N-NH3, but caused a decrease (P <0.05) on volatile fatty acids, dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. Rations containing more than 20% of canna's waste cause volatile fatty acids below the normal range and digestibility of dry matter <50%. The relationship between volatile fatty acids with dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility shows a linear line equation, namely: y = 0.1459x + 34.7779 with R2 = 0.8278, r = 0.9098 and y = 0.1159x + 40.794 with R2 = 0.7978, r = 0.8931. The results of the study concluded that the use of canna waste in the ration was a maximum of 10%