Legal Systems in Transformation and Transnational Conflict Solution in Information Society

Technological development has revolutionized many human activities, turning the world into a global society, an information society. In this new context, the new information and communication technologies are seen as indispensable support in all areas of human knowledge. Following this new pattern, a new legal dimension has emerged which challenges the State, its essential elements and its geographical boundaries. The public law concepts of sovereignty and jurisdiction along with the criminal law concepts of enforcement and jurisdiction have experienced remarkable changes due to the changing idea of time and space as to when and where a crime is committed. Considering the transnational character due to the globalization of the juridical process, some modifications have been made in the approach to the term sovereignty. Even though its concept and characteristics may involve many interpretations of doctrinal order, without consensus, the result of these interpretations, in many cases, come to delimit the debate which is set in a globalized juridical perspective

Use of passive samplers to detect Organochlorine Pesticides in air and water at Wetland Mountain region sites (S-SE Brazil)

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers were deployed in upland surface waters and the overlying atmosphere during May and June 2012, to determine the transport and trends of freely dissolved and gaseous organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) along altitudinal gradients in mountain regions in south and southeast Brazil. Gaseous OCP concentrations were dominated by hexachlorobenzene (3.0 to 29 pg.m-3) and endosulfans (Ʃ= α-endosulfan + β-endosulfan + endosulfan sulphate, 170 to 260 pg.m-3), whereas freely dissolved endosulfans were significantly higher than all other OCPs (p \u3c 0.001). The presence of some target pesticides at the highest elevation sites indicated their efficient high-altitude transport from regional sources. Air-water exchange gradients indicated net deposition of most volatile and recently banned OCPs (e.g., HCB, endosulfan) over Brazilian mountains. Moreover, the exposure of these sites to large-scale continental airflows with varying source contributions may partly explain the atmospheric deposition of selected OCPs over upland freshwaters at tropical and subtropical mountains sites in Brazil. These findings, couple with LDPE passive air and water sampling measurements, point out the potential inputs from distant sources of semi-volatile chemicals to the two high-altitude sites

Atividade microbiana do solo em diferentes sistemas de cultivo de manga no Vale do São Francisco.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto decorrente de diferentes sistemas de produção de manga no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco sobre a atividade microbiana do solo. As amostras foram coletadas em agosto de 2010 nas camadas de 0-10 cm e 10-20 cm em áreas com cultivo de manga, em Petrolina, PE e Juazeiro, BA. Foram estudadas áreas sob manejo: convencional, integrado e orgânico, tendo como referência áreas adjacentes de Caatinga remanescente. Determinouse o teor total de nutrientes, C e N do solo, biomassa microbiana e respiração basal, estimando-se os valores de quociente metabólico (qCO2) e quociente Microbiano (qMIC). Os resultados mostraram que as áreas de Caatinga remanescente apresentaram maior teor de carbono orgânico total, enquanto áreas sob manejo integrado e convencional apresentaram os maiores teores de N. Áreas com o cultivo orgânico apresentaram maior biomassa microbiana, enquanto as áreas sob manejo convencional apresentaram o maior valor de qCO2, indicando, neste caso, estado de desequilíbrio do solo neste sistema de produção

Parâmetro para o manejo de irrigação na goiabeira no Vale do São Francisco.

Em Petrolina-PE, foram deteminados alguns parâmetros para o manejo da irrigação da goiabeira cv. Paluna, cultivada em um espaçamento de 6x5m e irrigada por micropaspersão com 42% de molhamento superficial

Parâmetro para o manejo de irrigação da bananeira no Vale do São Francisco.

Em Petrolina-PE, foram determinados alguns parâmetros para o manejo da irrigação da bananeira cv. Pacovan, cultivada em um espaçamento de 3x3m e irrigada por micropasperção

Developmental Defects of Enamel in Primary Teeth and Association with Early Life Course Events: A Study of 6--36 Month old Children in Manyara, Tanzania.

Children with low birth weight show an increased prevalence of developmental defects of enamel in the primary dentition that subsequently may predispose to early childhood caries (ECC).Focusing 6--36 months old, the purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of enamel defects in the primary dentition and identify influences of early life course factors; socio-demographics, birth weight, child's early illness episodes and mothers' perceived size of the child at birth, whilst controlling for more recent life course events in terms of current breastfeeding and oral hygiene. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the high fluoride area of Manyara, northern Tanzania including 1221 child-mother pairs who attended Reproductive and Child Health (RCH) clinics for immunization and/or growth monitoring. After the primary caregivers had completed face to face interviews at the health care facility, children underwent oral clinical examination whereby ECC and developmental defects of enamel were recorded using field criteria. All erupted teeth were examined and the enamel defects were assessed on buccal surfaces according to the modified DDE Index. The prevalence of enamel defects was 33.3%. Diffuse opacities were the most common defects identified (23.1%), followed by hypoplasia (7.6%) and demarcated opacities (5.0%). The most frequently affected teeth were the upper central incisors (29.0% - 30.5%), whereas lower central incisors (4.3% to 4.5%) were least frequently affected. Multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for confounding the factors revealed that having normal birth weight (equal or more than 2500 g) associated with lower odds of having enamel hypoplasia [OR 0.22 (95% CI 0.1-0.7)]. No statistically significant association occurred between birth weight and diffuse opacities, demarcated opacities or combined DDE. Children with the history of low birth weight were more likely than their normal birth weight counterparts to present with enamel hypoplasia. In view of the frequent occurrence of enamel defects and the fact that hypoplasia may constitute a risk factor for future ECC, enamel defects should be included as a dental health indicator in epidemiological studies of children in northern Tanzania