The impact of the prevailing organizational culture on the adoption of green marketing in chemical-industry companies in three Arab states in west Asia

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the prevailing organizational culture on the adoption of green marketing in chemical-industry companies in three countries: Syria, Kuwait and Jordan. The research used a survey methodology. A questionnaire was designed and administered simultaneously in the three countries using three different samples consisting of 220 respondents, 12 respondents, and 132 respondents, respectively. The questionnaires collected from the three samples were coded and analyzed. The study concluded that the organizational culture in the samples from the three countries has positive attitudes towards the adoption of green marketing. The Kuwaiti sample has the highest level of positive attitudes in comparison with the other two samples. The task-oriented culture is the dominant prevailing organizational culture in the chemical-industry companies located in Syria and Jordan, but a fulfillment-oriented culture is the dominant prevailing organizational culture in chemical-industry companies located in Kuwait. Our analysis shows that the impact of the prevailing organizational culture differs in accordance with differences in employee education level, country, and years of experience.Organizational culture; Chemical industrial companies; Green marketing; Culture

The impact of marketing auditing on employee’s commitment with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels

The study aims to investigate the impact of marketing auditing on employee’s commitment with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels. The study population consisted of Jordanian Five stars Hotels employees. A questionnaire was distributed over a convenience sample amounting 200. 125 questionnaires were collected, that is (62.5%) of the total sample. The study results indicated that marketing auditing has positive impact on employee’s commitment with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels. There are significant differences in marketing auditing impact on employee’s obligations with marketing ethics in Jordanian Five star Hotels due to gender, academic qualification and experience

Examining marketing cyber-security in the digital age: Evidence from marketing platforms

The current study aimed to examine marketing cyber-security (DDoS Attacks, Cross-Site Scripting, SQL Attacks, and passwords attacks) in the digital age by presenting evidence from digital marketing platforms. Depending on the quantitative approach and utilizing a questionnaire as a tool, (133) marketing managers in digital marketing companies in Jordan responded to an online questionnaire. SPSS was used to screen and analyze the gathered data. Results of the study accepted the main hypothesis, and it appeared that marketing cyber-security has a statistically positive influence on marketing platforms, in addition to that, it appeared that the highest influence of sub-variables was for the benefit of Structured Query Language (SQL) Attacks explaining 35.8% of the variation. This result meant that SQL attacks-security does have a statistically positive influence on marketing platforms. This hypothesis could be tested through various methodologies, for example, surveys, interviews, focus groups, and/or experiments. The study recommended that marketers should use role-based access to limit the data employees can access and regularly review their permissions. Further recommendations were presented in the study

PATIENT SATISFACTION EVALUATION ON HOSPITALS; COMPARISON STUDY BETWEEN ACCREDITED AND NON ACCREDITED HOSPITALS IN JORDAN

The research aim is to compare accredited and non-accredited hospitals in relation to patient's satisfaction in Jordan and to address the question if there is a correlation between patient's satisfaction and accreditation. The researchers adopt a quantitative methodology. T test was used to test the main hypotheses. Patient satisfaction was measured using the SERVQUAL scale (tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy). 1000 questionnaires were distributed to stratified random sample of hospitals' inpatients. The results show considerable evidence that accreditation significantly improves patients' satisfaction. Accordingly, accreditation programs should be reinforced as a tool to improve health service quality

Can Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) ‘Light’ up the Brand Image? An Insight into the Perceptions of Jordanian Consumers

The main aim of this research study is to examine the influence of Cause-Related Marketing (CRM) campaigns on the perceived brand image, brand loyalty and intention to buy among Jordanian customers. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 300 shoppers by using convenience sampling in Amman, Jordan. The results of the study showed that CRM is mainly used by corporations in order to demonstrate their commitment to charitable behavior and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The study revealed that customers in Jordan understand the underlying idea and purpose of CRM practice and have clear perceptions and attitudes about it. Keywords: Cause-Related Marketing (CRM), Brand Image, Purchase Intention, Solidarity Purchase, Brand Loyalty, Consumer Buying Behavior, Commitment to Society. JEL Classifications: M31 DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-36-02 Publication date: December 31st 202

Towards Customer's Emotion Management in Marketing: The Role of customers' Emotions on Their Experience

This research study aims at understanding the role of the customers' emotion towards a certain product/service in their experience. In another word, this research aims at finding the relationship between the customers' emotions and the way it influences their experience in a certain purchasing process. A questionnaire was distributed on a random sample of mall visitors through a period of 30 days (month) and it was based on variables including; A) shop clerk's sex, uniform and emotional behavior B) shop's environment C) clerks' friendliness. The results show that positive emotions of the customers which are connected to a positive shopping experience is influential and hence can lead to a positive purchasing decision, in addition to that, it was found out that the shop clerk's positive emotions is very important in supporting the client with a good shopping experience in the store. The gender was also a notion that worth to be noted based on the idea that the results supported that concept of the opposites meet. Finally, the uniform and dress codes for the shopping assistants appeared to be the least influential factor of all. Keywords: Customer emotions, customer experience, in-store customer emotions, provider/buyer encounte

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERNAL MARKETING AND SERVICE CULTURE IN JORDANIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS

The present study aimed to explore the impact of internal marketing on service culture in Jordanian commercial banks. In order to meet the study’s goals, a sample was chosen through the convenience sampling method. It consists from 100 employees. They were selected from the main branches of several Jordanian commercial banks located in Amman. After that, questionnaire forms were distributed to them. The collected data was analyzed statistically. It was found that there is much attention provided to internal marketing in Jordanian commercial banks. It was also found that there is much attention provided to service culture in Jordanian commercial banks. In addition, it was found that internal marketing dimensions jointly have a significant impact on service culture in Jordanian commercial banks. The researcher recommends providing much attention to the recruitment process. He also recommends holding more training courses in the aim of raising employees’ performance level. In addition, he recommends engaging employees in the decision making process

THE IMPACT OF CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MARKETING ON COSTUMERS&apos; IMAGE FOR JORDANIAN FIVE STAR HOTELS

Abstract The study aims to investigate the impact of customer relationship marketing (CRM