Vitesse et Mode d’Internationalisation des PME

Ce papier s’intéresse d’une manière générale à la temporalité dans l’internationalisation, et plus spécifiquement aux effets de la vitesse et du mode de présence sur le choix d’une approche progressive (ou non) dans l’expansion internationale des PME. Ces effets ont été examinés dans le cadre d’un échantillon de 214 PME engagées à l’international et localisées dans la région Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur. Les résultats montrent tout d’abord qu’une cadence d’internationalisation rapide ou lente va refléter des approches distinctes d’internationalisation et correspondre à des PME qui valorisent différemment le critère de minimisation du risque lié aux futures cibles géographiques. Ensuite, il ressort des modèles de régression que le mode de présence choisi par les PME a un impact très contrasté sur le choix d’une approche progressive (ou non) d’internationalisation, et ce, en fonction de la lenteur ou de la rapidité de l’expansion internationale. Des explications basées sur le modèle Uppsala et sur celui des « firmes nées globales » sont proposées.This paper addresses time in the internationalization process, in a general way, and more specifically analyses the effects of speed and presence mode on the choice of a progressive (or not progressive) approach to the international expansion of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises). These effects are examined within the framework of a sample of 214 SMEs engaged in internationalization and located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur region of France. The results first show that a fast or slow internationalization pace will indicate different approaches to internationalization and will correspond to SMEs which value the criterion of risk minimization bound to future geographical targets differently. Furthermore, models of regression show that the presence mode chosen by SMEs has a very contrasted impact on the choice of a progressive (or not progressive) approach to internationalization, this, depending on the speed (slow or fast) of international expansion. Explanations based on the Uppsala model as well as the “Born Global” approach are proposed.Este papel se interesa de manera general en la temporalidad dentro del proceso de internacionalización de empresa, y más específicamente en los efectos de la velocidad y del modo de presencia sobre la elección de un enfoque progresivo (o no) en la expansión internacional de Pymes (Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas). Estos efectos se han examinado en el marco de una muestra de 214 Pymes comprometidas en su desarrollo internacional y localizadas en la región Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur de Francia. Los resultados muestran en primer lugar que una cadencia de internacionalización rápida o lenta va a reflejar enfoques distintos de internacionalización y va a corresponder a Pymes cuales valorizan de otro modo el criterio de minimización del riesgo vinculado a los futuros objetivos geográficos. Luego, resalta tras nuestros modelos de regresión que el modo de presencia escogido por Pymes tiene un impacto muy contrastado sobre la elección de un enfoque progresivo (o no) de internacionalización, y esto, dependiendo en a la lentitud o la rapidez de la expansión internacional. Se proponen explicaciones basadas en el modelo Uppsala y “Nacido Global”

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Information overload and the internationalization process model: an implementation attempt

This article presents a theoretical equation set based on the information interactions that result in experiential learning. We attempt to link our equation set to the Uppsala Internationalization Process model in order to quantify information overload and operationalize the Uppsala model under longitudinal time series settings. The internationalization process has generated an increase in the diversity and overall quantity of information, resulting in an increase of the variation and amount of information that a firm needs to process. This challenges a firm's capacity to simultaneously expand and learn. Market knowledge is acquired essentially through current business activities, all of which proceed from a firm's market experience to generate experiential knowledge. Market experience is situation-specific and therefore difficult to generalize. Nonetheless, firms tend to use general -failsafe proven courses of action- when confronted with new situations in an effort to reduce diverging, larger quantities of incoming and often discrepant information. Information overload refers to situations where the quantity of information pending analysis and consideration compels a firm to revert to older and trusted information processing methods instead of seeking adaptive solutions, clearly adopting a short-term efficiency posture leading to suboptimal performance

The occurrence of prime numbers revisited

Based on an arithmetical and autocatalytic approach, the authors propose a solution for the occurrence of prime numbers. Exact arithmetical calculations are provided for: the closest prime to any given positive integer (or any number of bigger or smaller primes from that integer); the quantity of prime (and composite) numbers between 1 and any positive integer; the quantity of prime (and composite) numbers between any two positive integers

occurrence of prime numbers revisited

Based on an arithmetical and autocatalytic approach, the authors propose a solution for the occurrence of prime numbers. Exact arithmetical calculations are provided for: the closest prime to any given positive integer (or any number of bigger or smaller primes from that integer); the quantity of prime (and composite) numbers between 1 and any positive integer; the quantity of prime (and composite) numbers between any two positive integers

Conditions pré-Internationalisation et performance des PME primo-exportatrices

International audienceThis article aims to determine whether pre-internationalization conditions improve the performance of first-time exporting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Two pre-internationalization conditions are discussed here: firm performance and age at internationalization. Building on the aspiration-level performance model of March and Shapira (1992) with sequential internationalization and international new-ventures approaches, this article develops two research hypotheses proposing an effective alignment with pre-internationalization performance and age at internationalization. These research hypotheses are examined using a panel database of 522 French SMEs that began export operations for the first time in 2014. The statistical results partially support our first hypothesis by showing that early-internationalizing SMEs with a lower performance relative to their peers significantly increase their post-internationalization performance. Contrary to what we predicted in our second hypothesis, we observe that late-internationalizing SMEs, which deliver a much higher performance than their historical aspirations, significantly reduce their post-internationalization performance

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals