Determinacion de los umbrales de dano por impacto y los factores que influyen en su susceptibilidad, utilizando el medidor electronico de impacto IS 100, en seis cultivares de manzana.

50 p.Buscando revalidar y generar datos con respecto al daño por impacto, en distintos cultivares (cvs.) de manzana, se buscó la forma de relacionar el medidor electrónico de impactos IS100 con la realidad de la fruta cuando se produce un daño mecánico, ya sea en la cosecha o en el embalaje de ésta. Se utilizaron seis cvs. (Royal Gala, Granny Smith, Red Chief, Braeburn, Fuji y Pink Lady), que en la actualidad son comercialmente atractivos y se les sometió a pruebas de caída libre desde tres alturas diferentes (2,5, 5 y 10 cm), para interactuar con tres superficies de impacto, las cuales son comúnmente usadas en el recorrido de la fruta desde la cosecha hasta el embalaje (madera de pino, acero y poliuretano), lo que conformó 9 tratamientos diferentes (3 alturas x 3 superficies). Las evaluaciones se realizaron con el fin de poder evidenciar la incidencia y severidad en cada uno de los tratamientos. La severidad, de gran importancia en este estudio, es expresada en área de fruto dañada, donde a su vez se realizó un contraste entre la fecha de cosecha (2 fechas en cada variedad) y la importancia del tiempo de almacenamiento en frío convencional (FC), 60 días después de haber cosechado la fruta. También se buscó determinar la importancia de las aplicaciones de Ca en precosecha sobre la incidencia y severidad del daño por impacto en el cv. Braeburn, determinando el efecto de este elemento en la calidad de la fruta en poscosecha, contrastando estos resultados con publicaciones anteriores. Se pudo relacionar el calibre de la fruta (peso), con la incidencia y severidad al daño efectuado en las pruebas de caída libre. En este caso se usó el cv. Fuji, con el fin de poder revalidar la anterior información vigente. Por último, se pudo establecer y relacionar el efecto de reabsorción al daño provocado por el machucón en los cvs. Granny Smith y Pink Lady en diferentes ensayos, conservando la misma metodología descrita anteriormente. El fin de ésta es poder comparar la información actual y generar alguna tendencia en Pink Lady, ya que no se tiene registro de su comportamiento al daño por impacto

Association between control group therapy and magnitude of clinical benefit of cancer drugs

Little is known about the impact of control group therapy on clinical benefit scales such as American Society of Clinical Oncology Value Framework (ASCO-VF), European Society for Medical Oncology Magnitude Clinical Benefit Scale (ESMO-MCBS), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Evidence Blocks and ASCO Cancer Research Committee (ASCO-CRC). We searched Drugs@FDA to identify cancer drugs approved between January 2012 and December 2021 based on randomized trials (RCTs). Definition of substantial clinical benefit was based on recommendations for each scale. Associations between characteristics of control group therapy and clinical benefit were explored using logistic regression. RCTs with a control group of active treatment plus placebo were associated with significantly lower odds of substantial benefit with ESMO-MCBS (OR 0.27, P = 0.003) and ASCO-VF (OR 0.30, P = 0.008) but not with NCCN Evidence Blocks or ASCO-CRC. This effect was attenuated and lost statistical significance without adjustment for quality of life (QoL) and/or toxicity (ESMO-MCBS OR 0.50, P = 0.17; ASCO-VF OR 0.49, P = 0.11). Clinical benefit scales can be sensitive to control group therapy. RCTs with substantial overlap between experimental and control therapy showed lower magnitude of clinical benefit using ESMO-MCBS and ASCO-VF scales; possibly due to differences in the weighting of QoL and toxicity between different frameworks

Global agricultural machinery restructuration: New standards facing agriculture 4.0

El objetivo de este trabajo es discutir la adopción de estándares de comunicación por las empresas de maquinaria agrícola y agricultura de precisión a nivel internacional, en el marco de los cambios que se observan en las estrategias de las grandes firmas globales respecto a la difusión de la denominada “agricultura 4.0”. El trabajo profundiza en el estudio de los patrones de adopción del estándar ISO 11783, más conocido como ISOBUS, en la medida que el mismo tiene el potencial de definir la dinámica futura de convergencia entre la industria de maquinaria agrícola y las nuevastecnologías digitales. Para ello se sistematiza la base de datos AEF ISOBUS, la cual contiene información sobre las funcionalidades del estándar ISOBUS que implementan los dispositivos electrónicos alojados en la maquinaria agrícola. Finalmente, se concluye que la norma ISO 11783 es una realidad a nivel global y cualquier estrategiaque se oriente a la internacionalización de las firmas se enfrentará con la necesidad de incorporarla. En este contexto, la industria local de los países de América Latina, en particular Argentina y Brasil, se encuentra ante el importante desafío de mantener su parte del mercado frente a la expansión de las grandes firmas globales multi-producto de la maquinaria agrícola.The objective of this paper is to discuss the adoption of standards by agricultural machinery and precision agriculture companies at the international level, within the framework of the changes that are taking place in the strategies of large global firms with the diffusion of the so-called "agriculture 4.0". The work delves into the study of the patterns of adoption of the ISO 11783 standard, better known as ISOBUS, to the extent that it has the potential to define the future dynamics of convergence between the agricultural machinery industry and the new digital technologies. To this end, the AEF-ISOBUS database, containing information on the functionalities of the ISOBUS standard implemented by the electronic devices housed in agricultural machinery, is systematized. Finally, it is concluded that the ISO 11783 standard is a reality at a global level and any strategy aimed at the internationalization of companies will be faced with the need to incorporate it. Furthermore, the expansion of large global multi-product agricultural machinery firms into Latin American countries, particularly Argentina and Brazil, and their greater involvement in the production of seeders and other implements, pose a major challenge to the ability of the local industry to maintain its market shares.Fil: Vidosa, Regina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; ArgentinaFil: Iglesias, Natalia Celeste. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Jelinski, Federico Carlos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; ArgentinaFil: Tapia, Mayra Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Centro Internacional Franco Argentino de Ciencias de la Información y de Sistemas; ArgentinaFil: Lavarello, Pablo Jose. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales; Argentin

Overactive bladder-18 years - Part II

Traditionally, the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome has been based on the use of oral medications with the purpose of reestablishing the detrusor stability. The recent better understanding of the urothelial physiology fostered conceptual changes, and the oral anticholinergics - pillars of the overactive bladder pharmacotherapy - started to be not only recognized for their properties of inhibiting the detrusor contractile activity, but also their action on the bladder afference, and therefore, on the reduction of the symptoms that constitute the syndrome. Beta-adrenergic agonists, which were recently added to the list of drugs for the treatment of overactive bladder, still wait for a definitive positioning - as either a second-line therapy or an adjuvant to oral anticholinergics. Conservative treatment failure, whether due to unsatisfactory results or the presence of adverse side effects, define it as refractory overactive bladder. In this context, the intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type A emerged as an effective option for the existing gap between the primary measures and more complex procedures such as bladder augmentation. Sacral neuromodulation, described three decades ago, had its indication reinforced in this overactive bladder era. Likewise, the electric stimulation of the tibial nerve is now a minimally invasive alternative to treat those with refractory overactive bladder. The results of the systematic literature review on the oral pharmacological treatment and the treatment of refractory overactive bladder gave rise to this second part of the review article Overactive Bladder - 18 years, prepared during the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Urol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Urol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Los Andes, Dept Urol, Bogota, ColombiaEscuela Med Mil, Dept Urol, Mexico City, DF, MexicoHosp Clin Jose San Martin, Catedra Urol, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaMae de Deus Ctr Hosp, Dept Urol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilAC Camargo Hosp, Dept Urol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilHosp Clinico Fuerza Area Chile, Santiago, ChileInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoHosp Souza Aguiar, Dept Urol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilComplejo Med Policial Churruca Visca, Serv Urol, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaCtr Policlin Valencia Vina, Valencia, VenezuelaHosp Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, ColombiaClin Indisa, Serv Urol, Providencia, ChileCtr Reabilitacao & Readaptacao Dr Henriqe Santill, Goiania, Go, BrazilHosp Univ Caracas, Serv Urol, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Fed Ceara, Div Urol, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Overactive bladder-18 years - Part I

Overactive bladder syndrome is one of the lower urinary tract dysfunctions with the highest number of scientific publications over the past two decades. This shows the growing interest in better understanding this syndrome, which gathers symptoms of urinary urgency and increased daytime and nighttime voiding frequency, with or without urinary incontinence and results in a negative impact on the quality of life of approximately one out of six individuals - including both genders and almost all age groups. The possibility of establishing the diagnosis just from clinical data made patients' access to specialized care easier. Physiotherapy resources have been incorporated into the urological daily practice. A number of more selective antimuscarinic drugs with consequent lower adverse event rates were released. Recently, a new class of oral drugs, beta-adrenergic agonists has become part of the armamentarium for Overactive Bladder. Botulinum toxin injections in the bladder and sacral neuromodulation are routine modalities of treatment for refractory cases. During the 1st Latin-American Consultation on Overactive Bladder, a comprehensive review of the literature related to the evolution of the concept, epidemiology, diagnosis, and management was conducted. This text corresponds to the first part of the review Overactive Bladder 18-years.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Rua Dr Oscar Monteiro Barros 617-141, BR-05641010 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Dept Urol, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilFac Med ABC, Dept Urol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Los Andes, Dept Urol, Bogota, ColombiaEscuela Med, Dept Urol, Mexico City, DF, MexicoHosp Clin Jose San Martin, Catedra Urol, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaMae de Deus Ctr Hosp, Dept Urol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Ciencias Saude Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilAC Camargo Hosp, Dept Urol, Sao Paulo, BrazilHosp Clin Fuerza Area Chile, Santiago, ChileInst Mexicano Seguro Social, Mexico City, DF, MexicoHosp Souza Aguiar, Dept Urol, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilComplejo Med Policial Churruca Visca, Serv Urol, Buenos Aires, DF, ArgentinaCtr Policlin Valencia Vina, Valencia, VenezuelaHosp Pablo Tobon Uribe, Medellin, ColombiaClin Indisa, Serv Urol, Providencia, ChileCtr Reabilitacao & Readaptacao Dr Henriqe Santill, Goiania, Go, BrazilHosp Univ Caracas, Serv Urol, Caracas, VenezuelaUniv Fed Ceara, Div Urol, Fortaleza, Ceara, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, EPM, Rua Dr Oscar Monteiro Barros 617-141, BR-05641010 Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Q-Learnheuristics: towards data-driven balanced metaheuristics

One of the central issues that must be resolved for a metaheuristic optimization process to work well is the dilemma of the balance between exploration and exploitation. The metaheuristics (MH) that achieved this balance can be called balanced MH, where a Q-Learning (QL) integration framework was proposed for the selection of metaheuristic operators conducive to this balance, particularly the selection of binarization schemes when a continuous metaheuristic solves binary combinatorial problems. In this work the use of this framework is extended to other recent metaheuristics, demonstrating that the integration of QL in the selection of operators improves the exploration-exploitation balance. Specifically, the Whale Optimization Algorithm and the Sine-Cosine Algorithm are tested by solving the Set Covering Problem, showing statistical improvements in this balance and in the quality of the solutions

Genotoxic and cytotoxic effect of exposure to thallium on mature spermatozoa of mice

Introduction. The adverse effects of chemicals on male reproduction is an area of growing concern. Currently, Thallium (Tl) is used mainly in the manufacture of electronic devices, switches and closures, as well as in power plants, cement factories and foundries. Aim. To evaluate sperm quality and genetic damage of sperm in mice exposed orally to Tl. Materials and methods. Male mice were treated with Tl doses of 5, 15 and 25 mg/kg/5d, sperm quality parameters and DNA damage were evaluated by the Sperm Chromatin Structure Assay (SCSA) technique. Results. Exposure to Tl affected sperm motility, viability and morphology. Alterations in the DNA structure (%DFI and %HSD) of the spermatozoa were observed. Tl could be considered reprotoxic, since it alters reproductive capacity.Introducción. Los efectos adversos de los químicos en la reproducción masculina es un área de preocupación creciente, actualmente el Tl es utilizado principalmente en la fabricación de dispositivos electrónicos, interruptores y cierres; así como en plantas generadoras de energía, fábricas de cemento y fundiciones. Objetivo.  Evaluar la calidad espermática y el daño genético de los espermatozoides en ratones expuestos oralmente a Tl. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron ratones macho y dosis de Tl de 5, 15 y 25 mg/kg/5d, se evaluaron los parámetros de calidad espermática y el daño al ADN por la técnica de SCSA. Resultados. La exposición a Tl afecto la motilidad, la viabilidad y la morfología espermática. Se observaron alteraciones en la estructura del ADN (%DFI y %HSD) de los espermatozoides. El Tl  se podría considerar reprotóxico, ya que altera capacidad reproductiva.&nbsp