50 research outputs found
Comparative evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of Sunderban mangrove Rhizophora mucronata Lam. leaves in animal model
Background: Mangrove flora possess compounds with potential medicinal values with unique bioactive components. Traditionally Rhizophora mucronata, a mangrove has been used extensively for the treatment of diabetes. Studies revealed that, the leaves of Rhizophora (Bhora) had promising anti-diabetic action in rat model.Methods: A comparative analysis of the anti-diabetic action of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of Rhizophora mucronata leaves was carried out in Streptozotocin induced diabetic model and the different biochemical parameters were evaluated.Results: Present research explored a comparative analysis of the anti-diabetic action of fresh juice and ethanolic extract of leaves of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. in Streptozotocin induced diabetic model. The ethanolic extract showed more potent effect in lowering the elevated blood sugar in the diabetic rats, 200mg/kg was the most effective dose for both the extracts. The ethanol extract was more beneficial having potent lipid lowering action along with anti-hyperglycemic property.Conclusions: This supports the scientific validation for using Rhizophora mucronata leaves in the treatment of diabetes as traditional folk medicine. Identification of the bioactive molecule is under process
Critical properties of spherically symmetric black hole accretion in Schwarzschild geometry
The stationary spherically symmetric accretion flow in the Schwarzschild
metric has been set up as an autonomous first-order dynamical system, and it
has been studied completely analytically. Of the three possible critical points
in the flow, the one that is physically realistic behaves like the saddle point
of the standard Bondi accretion problem. One of the two remaining critical
points exhibits the strange mathematical behaviour of being either a saddle
point or a centre-type point, depending on the values of the flow parameters.
The third critical point is always unphysical and behaves like a centre-type
point. The treatment has been extended to pseudo-Schwarzschild flows for
comparison with the general relativistic analysis.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, mn2e.cls use
Intensity modulated radiotherapy in carcinoma cervix with metastatic para-aortic nodes: an institutional experience from a Regional Cancer Centre of Eastern India
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is a major health problem, especially in developing countries like India. Extended field radiotherapy (EFRT) for cancer cervix treatment remains a challenging task for radiation oncologists. In the last decade studies have shown that EFRT using intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) is feasible in treating gynaecological malignancies but there is a dearth of literature on this specific topic from this part of the world where patient profile differs greatly in several aspects from that of the western world.
The aim of the study was evaluation of treatment response and toxicity profile in cases of carcinoma cervix with metastatic para-aortic nodes treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy technique.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study the treatment records of 45 para-aortic node positive cervical cancer patients treated with EFRT (IMRT) and concurrent cisplatin were analysed for evaluation of loco-regional control and toxicities.
RESULTS: Forty-four patients received full course of treatment. Among those 44 patients, 93.2% achieved complete response. Overall, the treatment was tolerated well and toxicities were within acceptable limits. Acute grade 3-4 toxicities were observed mostly in the form of anaemia and leucopenia. Most common late toxicities were those of small and large intestine.
CONCLUSION: EFRT with concurrent chemotherapy was successfully delivered for para-aortic nodes positive cervical cancer patients in Indian scenario where under-nutrition, infection, anaemia and several other factors adversely influence treatment outcome. Pelvic and para-aortic control rates were satisfactory. The technique was associated with an acceptable acute and late toxicity profile
The role of flow geometry in influencing the stability criteria for low angular momentum axisymmetric black hole accretion
Using mathematical formalism borrowed from dynamical systems theory, a
complete analytical investigation of the critical behaviour of the stationary
flow configuration for the low angular momentum axisymmetric black hole
accretion provides valuable insights about the nature of the phase trajectories
corresponding to the transonic accretion in the steady state, without taking
recourse to the explicit numerical solution commonly performed in the
literature to study the multi-transonic black hole accretion disc and related
astrophysical phenomena. Investigation of the accretion flow around a non
rotating black hole under the influence of various pseudo-Schwarzschild
potentials and forming different geometric configurations of the flow structure
manifests that the general profile of the parameter space divisions describing
the multi-critical accretion is roughly equivalent for various flow geometries.
However, a mere variation of the polytropic index of the flow cannot map a
critical solution from one flow geometry to the another, since the numerical
domain of the parameter space responsible to produce multi-critical accretion
does not undergo a continuous transformation in multi-dimensional parameter
space. The stationary configuration used to demonstrate the aforementioned
findings is shown to be stable under linear perturbation for all kind of flow
geometries, black hole potentials, and the corresponding equations of state
used to obtain the critical transonic solutions. Finally, the structure of the
acoustic metric corresponding to the propagation of the linear perturbation
studied are discussed for various flow geometries used.Comment: 13 pages. 5 figure
PbS-ZnO Solar Cell: A Numerical Simulation
Nanoscale PbS, especially quantum dots (QDs) are of interest in applications, such as, solar cells and
photodetectors because of tunability of band gap from 0.5 to 3 eV. Recently, ZnO/PbS solar cells with
8.55 % conversion efficiency have been reported with films made deposited from ligand exchanged PbS
QDs. However, nanocrystalline PbS is easier to fabricate than QDs. This paper reports theoretical investigation
into the use of nanocrystalline PbS in place of QDs as solar cell absorber. Solar cells with a structure
of SLG/ITO/ZnO or CdS/PbS/Al was simulated using SCAPS software. We have used two n-type materials
one is ZnO and second is CdS. The comparative simulated device performance was studied by currentvoltage
(I-V) characteristics and quantum efficiency (QE). The final results reveal a power conversion efficiency
of 18.5 % for solar cells with p-PbS as absorber and n-ZnO as buffer and 16.8 % for n-CdS buffer
layer
Hysteresis effects and diagnostics of the shock formation in low angular momentum axisymmetric accretion in the Kerr metric
The secular evolution of the purely general relativistic low angular momentum
accretion flow around a spinning black hole is shown to exhibit hysteresis
effects. This confirms that a stationary shock is an integral part of such an
accretion disc in the Kerr metric. The equations describing the space gradient
of the dynamical flow velocity of the accreting matter have been shown to be
equivalent to a first order autonomous dynamical systems. Fixed point analysis
ensures that such flow must be multi-transonic for certain astrophysically
relevant initial boundary conditions. Contrary to the existing consensus in the
literature, the critical points and the sonic points are proved not to be
isomorphic in general. Homoclinic orbits for the flow flow possessing multiple
critical points select the critical point with the higher entropy accretion
rate, confirming that the entropy accretion rate is the degeneracy removing
agent in the system. However, heteroclinic orbits are also observed for some
special situation, where both the saddle type critical points of the flow
configuration possesses identical entropy accretion rate. Topologies with
heteroclinic orbits are thus the only allowed non removable degenerate
solutions for accretion flow with multiple critical points, and are shown to be
structurally unstable. Depending on suitable initial boundary conditions, a
homoclinic trajectory can be combined with a standard non homoclinic orbit
through an energy preserving Rankine-Hugoniot type of stationary shock. An
effective Lyapunov index has been proposed to analytically confirm why certain
class of transonic flow can not accommodate shock solutions even if it produces
multiple critical points. (Abridged)Comment: mn2e.cls format. 24 pages. 4 figure
An Analytical Study on the Multi-critical Behaviour and Related Bifurcation Phenomena for Relativistic Black Hole Accretion
We apply the theory of algebraic polynomials to analytically study the
transonic properties of general relativistic hydrodynamic axisymmetric
accretion onto non-rotating astrophysical black holes. For such accretion
phenomena, the conserved specific energy of the flow, which turns out to be one
of the two first integrals of motion in the system studied, can be expressed as
a 8 degree polynomial of the critical point of the flow configuration.
We then construct the corresponding Sturm's chain algorithm to calculate the
number of real roots lying within the astrophysically relevant domain of
. This allows, for the first time in literature, to {\it
analytically} find out the maximum number of physically acceptable solution an
accretion flow with certain geometric configuration, space-time metric, and
equation of state can have, and thus to investigate its multi-critical
properties {\it completely analytically}, for accretion flow in which the
location of the critical points can not be computed without taking recourse to
the numerical scheme. This work can further be generalized to analytically
calculate the maximal number of equilibrium points certain autonomous dynamical
system can have in general. We also demonstrate how the transition from a
mono-critical to multi-critical (or vice versa) flow configuration can be
realized through the saddle-centre bifurcation phenomena using certain
techniques of the catastrophe theory.Comment: 19 pages, 2 eps figures, to appear in "General Relativity and
Gravitation
Quasi-viscous accretion flow -- I: Equilibrium conditions and asymptotic behaviour
In a novel approach to studying viscous accretion flows, viscosity has been
introduced as a perturbative effect, involving a first-order correction in the
-viscosity parameter. This method reduces the problem of solving a
second-order nonlinear differential equation (Navier-Stokes equation) to that
of an effective first-order equation. Viscosity breaks down the invariance of
the equilibrium conditions for stationary inflow and outflow solutions, and
distinguishes accretion from wind. Under a dynamical systems classification,
the only feasible critical points of this "quasi-viscous" flow are saddle
points and spirals. A linearised and radially propagating time-dependent
perturbation gives rise to secular instability on large spatial scales of the
disc. Further, on these same length scales, the velocity evolution equation of
the quasi-viscous flow has been transformed to bear a formal closeness with
Schr\"odinger's equation with a repulsive potential. Compatible with the
transport of angular momentum to the outer regions of the disc, a
viscosity-limited length scale has been defined for the full spatial extent
over which the accretion process would be viable.Comment: 15 page