89 research outputs found
Impact of hydrogenated starch hydrolysate on glass transition, hygroscopic behavior and crystallization of isomalt-based systems
Glass transition behavior, adsorption isotherm and crystallization of isomalt-hydrogenated starch hydrolysate (HSH)
mixtures (0-20% HSH) and pure HSH were investigated. At similar solid content, Tg
decreased as HSH concentration increased.
Tg
data at different solid contents were well-fitted with Gordon-Taylor equation (gR2≥0.97). Adsorption isotherm showed that
systems with greater HSH concentration became more hygroscopic. Accelerated storage test (30°C, 84% RH) of modeled
hard candy containing 10% HSH and pure isomalt formula was done. HSH enhanced water uptake and crystallization of
polyols in hard candy during aging without packaging; however, those effects were lessen for the samples aged in polyethylene
terephthalate/cast polypropylene (PET/CPP) pouches, and were negligible after the application of superior moisture
barrier, oriented polypropylene/metalized cast polypropylene (OPP/MCPP) film. Although HSH adversely affected storage
stability of sugarless hard candies, it could be add into the formulation together with the application of packaging having
a good moisture barrier
Yield, Grain Quality, and Starch Physicochemical Properties of 2 Elite Thai Rice Cultivars Grown under Varying Production Systems and Soil Characteristics
Rice production systems and soil characteristics play a crucial role in determining its yield and grain quality. Two elite Thai rice cultivars, namely, KDML105 and RD6, were cultivated in two production systems with distinct soil characteristics, including net-house pot production and open-field production. Under open-field system, KDML105 and RD6 had greater panicle number, total grain weight, 100-grain weight, grain size, and dimension than those grown in the net-house. The amounts of reducing sugar and long amylopectin branch chains (DP 25–36) of the RD6 grains along with the amounts of long branch chains (DP 25–36 and DP ≥ 37), C-type starch granules, and average chain length of the KDML105 were substantially enhanced by the open-field cultivation. Contrastingly, the relative crystallinity of RD6 starch and the amounts of short branch chains (DP 6–12 and DP 13–24), B- and A-type granules, and median granule size of KDML105 starch were significantly suppressed. Consequently, the open-field-grown RD6 starch displayed significant changes in its gelatinization and retrogradation properties, whereas, certain retrogradation parameters and peak viscosity (PV) of KDML105 starches were differentially affected by the distinct cultivating conditions. This study demonstrated the influences of production systems and soil characteristics on the physicochemical properties of rice starches
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Effects of timing and severity of salinity stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, grain composition, and starch functionality.
The aim of this work was to examine agronomic, compositional, and functional changes in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) grains from plants grown under low-to-moderate salinity stress in the greenhouse. Plants were grown in sodium chloride-containing soil (2 or 4 dS/m(2) electrical conductivity), which was imposed 4-weeks after transplant (called Seedling EC2 and EC4) or after the appearance of the anthers (called Anthesis EC2 and EC4). The former simulates field conditions while the latter permits observation of the isolated effect of salt on grain filling processes. Key findings of this study are the following: (i) Plants showed adaptive responses to prolonged salt treatment with no negative effects on grain weight or fertility. Seedling EC2 plants had more panicles and enhanced caryopsis dimensions, while surprisingly, Seedling EC4 plants did not differ from the control group in the agronomic parameters measured. (ii) Grain starch increased in Seedling EC4 (32.6%) and Anthesis EC2 (39%), respectively, suggesting a stimulatory effect of salt on starch accumulation. (iii) The salinity treatment of 2 dS/m(2) was better tolerated at anthesis than the 4 dS/m(2) treatment as the latter led to reduced grain weight (28.8%) and seed fertility (19.4%) and compensatory increases in protein (20.1%) and nitrogen (19.8%) contents. (iv) Although some salinity treatments led to changes in starch content, these did not alter starch fine structure, morphology, or composition. We observed no differences in reducing sugar and amylose content or starch granule size distribution among any of the treatments. The only alterations in starch were limited to small changes in thermal properties and glucan chain distribution, which were only seen in the Anthesis EC4 treatment. This similarity of compositional and functional features was supported by multivariate analysis of all variables measured, which suggested that differences due to treatments were minimal. Overall, this study documents the specific response of rice under defined conditions, and illustrates that the plasticity of plant response to mild stress is complex and highly context-dependent, even under greenhouse conditions in which other potential environmental stress impacts are minimized
Effects of Timing and Severity of Salinity Stress on Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Yield, Grain Composition, and Starch Functionality
The
aim of this work was to examine agronomic, compositional, and
functional changes in rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L. cv. Nipponbare)
grains from plants grown under low-to-moderate salinity stress in
the greenhouse. Plants were grown in sodium chloride-containing soil
(2 or 4 dS/m<sup>2</sup> electrical conductivity), which was imposed
4-weeks after transplant (called Seedling EC2 and EC4) or after the
appearance of the anthers (called Anthesis EC2 and EC4). The former
simulates field conditions while the latter permits observation of
the isolated effect of salt on grain filling processes. Key findings
of this study are the following: (i) Plants showed adaptive responses
to prolonged salt treatment with no negative effects on grain weight
or fertility. Seedling EC2 plants had more panicles and enhanced caryopsis
dimensions, while surprisingly, Seedling EC4 plants did not differ
from the control group in the agronomic parameters measured. (ii)
Grain starch increased in Seedling EC4 (32.6%) and Anthesis EC2 (39%),
respectively, suggesting a stimulatory effect of salt on starch accumulation.
(iii) The salinity treatment of 2 dS/m<sup>2</sup> was better tolerated
at anthesis than the 4 dS/m<sup>2</sup> treatment as the latter led
to reduced grain weight (28.8%) and seed fertility (19.4%) and compensatory
increases in protein (20.1%) and nitrogen (19.8%) contents. (iv) Although
some salinity treatments led to changes in starch content, these did
not alter starch fine structure, morphology, or composition. We observed
no differences in reducing sugar and amylose content or starch granule
size distribution among any of the treatments. The only alterations
in starch were limited to small changes in thermal properties and
glucan chain distribution, which were only seen in the Anthesis EC4
treatment. This similarity of compositional and functional features
was supported by multivariate analysis of all variables measured,
which suggested that differences due to treatments were minimal. Overall,
this study documents the specific response of rice under defined conditions,
and illustrates that the plasticity of plant response to mild stress
is complex and highly context-dependent, even under greenhouse conditions
in which other potential environmental stress impacts are minimized
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