Creating Safe Spaces for African American Male Students

In American society, the African American male population is often misinterpreted and misunderstood. The media has played a pivotal role in creating, as well as maintaining, negative and unbalanced perceptions of African American males. This societal phenomenon has become prevalent in the education system as it begins the cycle of perceived stereotypes and exposes African American male students to school experiences that are influenced by personal biases and discrimination. This study served two purposes: (1) to explore the experiences of school leaders as it relates to the interactions with African American male students, and (2) to gain a better understanding of a positive school climate with the underlying goal to create safe spaces for this population in the secondary school setting. The theoretical framework, Critical Race Theory, was the driving force behind this research study. A phenomenological case study design was utilized to collect data via interviews in a single setting - a Title I public high school. With the usage of thematic analysis, six themes emerged: (1) positive role modeling through relationship building, (2) finding the why behind behavior, (3) a decrease in educational value, (4) struggles of a Title I school, (5) African American cultural upbringings, and (6) the act of being tough as a self-defense mechanism. The findings of this study aligned with current research on the unjust school experiences of African American male students and exposed the impact of negative stereotypes by examining the school interactions between students and their school leaders. The findings of this research study reveal a need for additional research on the implementation of fair and unbiased school policies, cultural relevance in academic achievement, and cultural understanding in emotional development for African American male students. As a final analysis, this research study uncovers the dire need and significance of creating safe spaces for African American male students in the secondary school setting

Histone Chaperone Asf1 Plays an Essential Role in Maintaining Genomic Stability in Fission Yeast

The histone H3-H4 chaperone Asf1 is involved in chromatin assembly (or disassembly), histone exchange, regulation of transcription, and chromatin silencing in several organisms. To investigate the essential functions of Asf1 in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, asf1-ts mutants were constructed by random mutagenesis using PCR. One mutant (asf1-33(ts)) was mated with mutants in 77 different kinase genes to identify synthetic lethal combinations. The asf1-33 mutant required the DNA damage checkpoint factors Chk1 and Rad3 for its survival at the restrictive temperature. Chk1, but not Cds1, was phosphorylated in the asf1-33 mutant at the restrictive temperature, indicating that the DNA damage checkpoint was activated in the asf1-33 mutant. DNA damage occured in the asf1-33 mutant, with degradation of the chromosomal DNA observed through pulse-field gel electrophoresis and the formation of Rad22 foci. Sensitivity to micrococcal nuclease in the asf1-33 mutant was increased compared to the asf1+ strain at the restrictive temperature, suggesting that asf1 mutations also caused a defect in overall chromatin structure. The Asf1-33 mutant protein was mislocalized and incapable of binding histones. Furthermore, histone H3 levels at the centromeric outer repeat region were decreased in the asf1-33 mutant and heterochromatin structure was impaired. Finally, sim3, which encodes a CenH3 histone chaperone, was identified as a strong suppressor of the asf1-33 mutant. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that Asf1 plays an essential role in maintaining genomic stability in S. pombe

Atividade antimicrobiana de subfrações padronizadas da planta Arrabidaea chica Verl.

Este estudo analisou o potencial terapêutico de extratos e subfrações padronizadas da planta amazônica Arrabidaea chica, visando seu uso tópico como medicamento e eficácia comprovada em doenças cutâneas

Pubertal presentation in seven patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to P450 Oxidoreductase deficiency

Context: P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is a crucial electron donor to all microsomal P450 cytochrome (CYP) enzymes including 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17A1), 21-hydroxylase (CYP21A2) and P450 aromatase. Mutant POR causes congenital adrenal hyperplasia with combined glucocorticoid and sex steroid deficiency. P450 oxidoreductase deficiency (ORD) commonly presents neonatally, with disordered sex development in both sexes, skeletal malformations, and glucocorticoid deficiency. \ud \ud Objective: The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of ORD during puberty. \ud \ud Design: Clinical, biochemical, and genetic assessment of seven ORD patients (five females, two males) presenting during puberty was conducted. \ud \ud Results: Predominant findings in females were incomplete pubertal development (four of five) and large ovarian cysts (five of five) prone to spontaneous rupture, in some only resolving after combined treatment with estrogen/progestin, GnRH superagonists, and glucocorticoids. Pubertal development in the two boys was more mildly affected, with some spontaneous progression. Urinary steroid profiling revealed combined CYP17A1 and CYP21A2 deficiencies indicative of ORD in all patients; all but one failed to mount an appropriate cortisol response to ACTH stimulation indicative of adrenal insufficiency. Diagnosis of ORD was confirmed by direct sequencing, demonstrating disease-causing POR mutations. \ud \ud Conclusion: Delayed and disordered puberty can be the first sign leading to a diagnosis of ORD. Appropriate testosterone production during puberty in affected boys but manifest primary hypogonadism in girls with ORD may indicate that testicular steroidogenesis is less dependent on POR than adrenal and ovarian steroidogenesis. Ovarian cysts in pubertal girls may be driven not only by high gonadotropins but possibly also by impaired CYP51A1-mediated production of meiosis-activating sterols due to mutant POR

家兎における肺栓塞症の実験的研究

この論文は国立情報学研究所の学術雑誌公開支援事業により電子化されました。肺栓塞時の急性期にみられる呼吸循環動態の変化, いわゆるベツオルト・ヤリッシュ氏反射の発現機序を調べる目的で家兎を用いて実験した。第一段階では, 肺栓塞時の呼吸循環動態の変化を経時的に調べ, その発現に反射性因子が関与していることを確認した。次の段階では, 自律神経の化学的又は外科的遮断が肺栓塞及びヒスタミン投与時の変化に及ぼす影響を肺循環系と呼吸の面で検討した。そして, 肺栓塞時にヒスタミン様の化学物質が遊離され, 肺血管床の減少という物理的因子に加えて, それが化学的因子として, 一部は自律神経を介して反射性に作用して, 肺栓塞の変化を惹起せしめていること, しかも, 肺血管に対しては, 交感神経が優位に作用し, 気管支肺胞系に対しては, 副交感神経も交感神経と同程度に関与していることを明らかにし得た。1. Pulmonary microembolism induced by injection of barium sulfate emulsion produced Bezold-Jarisch-like reflex immediately after the procedure, presenting bradycardia, systemic hypotension, hypo-to-hyperventilation and pulmonary hypertension. 2. Hemodynamic changes began almost simultaneously following embolism, suggsting that they were reflex in origin. 3. Respiratory changes began later by 4 sec than those of circulatory changes, disclosing that different mechanisms exist in respiration. 4. Sympathetic nervous blockade markedly inhibited the increase ratio in transpulmonary vascular pressure difference (PAP minus LAP) in cases of injection of histamine and pulmonary emboli, indicating that sympathetic nerves contributed to pulmonary vascular tone in pulmonary emboli. 5. Vagal blockade had no distinct effect upon pulmonary vascular tone. 6. Ventilation increased following either vagotomy or sympathectomy, and in addition was moderately promoted by each. 7. Histamine displayed quite similar effects upon hemodynamics and ventilation to those of pulmonary emboli

カトニオケルビショウハイソクセンショウノジッケンテキケンキュウ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士医学博士甲第874号医博第385号新制||医||159(附属図書館)2051UT51-45-B465京都大学大学院医学研究科外科系専攻(主査)教授 長石 忠三, 教授 木村 忠司, 教授 本庄 一夫学位規則第5条第1項該当Kyoto UniversityDA

Le lipome du mésentère chez l'enfant

Le lipome du mésentère est une pathologie extrêmement rare chez l’enfant. Moins de 50 cas ont été rapportés dans la littérature. Il siège essentiellement au niveau du mésentère de l’intestin grêle. Nous rapportons une étude rétrospective de deux cas de lipome du mésentère chez l’enfant colligés au service des Urgences Chirurgicales Pédiatriques à l’Hôpital d’Enfants de Rabat sur une période de dix-sept ans s’étalant de l’année 1990 à l’année 2007, en démontrant l’utilité de la laparoscopie. La symptomatologie clinique chez nos deux malades est non spécifique, dominée par la douleur abdominale, la distension abdominale, ainsi que les troubles de transit. Le diagnostic se pose en se basant sur l’examen clinique, les données des examens para cliniques essentiellement l’échographie qui demeure l’examen de première intention, sans oublier la place de la tomodensitométrie qui permet de compléter l’échographie. En revanche, seule l’étude histologique de la pièce au cours d’une laparotomie ou d’une laparoscopie permet de confirmer le diagnostic. Ainsi, la chirurgie, que ça soit par laparotomie ou bien par cœlioscopie, constitue un moyen d’exploration et de traitement en matière du lipome du mésentère