62 research outputs found
Economic benefits of precision weed control and why its uptake is so slow
Innovation in agriculture ensures the widespread use of the most up-to-date technology. One such technology is precision crop protection, which meets the requirement of environmental and economic sustainability. The applicability of precision crop protection has been verified by several studies and in practice, but its uptake is very slow. Examining the economic relationships between potential savings and pests at the European Union level, this paper shows that the savings in pesticide use following the adoption of precision plant protection can be 30,000 tonnes (calculated using the current dose levels) per annum. If approximately 30 per cent of the crop producing and mixed farms larger than 16 ESU apply this new technology, the environmental burden will be reduced by 10-35 per cent. From a survey of 72 Hungarian farmers we found a positive correlation between the size of the farm and the adoption of precision farming technology, and those farmers in the survey that had implemented precision crop production estimated that the consequent change in income had been positive. Thus, at a certain farm size and farming intensity, precision crop production is a real, environmental friendly farming strategy option, through which each farm can generate an income that covers at least the economic conditions of simple production. By encouraging environmentally friendly farming practice, precision crop production can meet the requirements of the proposed green component of Pillar 1 of the Common Agricultural Policy for the period 2014-2020
Automatikusan generált online szótárak : az EFNILEX projekt eredményei
Az elĹ‘adás összefoglalja a 2008-ban kezdĹ‘dĹ‘ EFNILEX lexikográfiai projekt munkálatait, kĂĽlönös tekintettel a 2012-ben elĂ©rt eredmĂ©nyekre. A projekt cĂ©lja annak a vizsgálata volt, hogy a nyelvtechnolĂłgiai eszközök Ă©s eljárások mennyiben alkalmasak a kĂ©tnyelvű szĂłtárak előállĂtásának támogatására. Ennek elsĹ‘sorban a kevĂ©ssĂ© használt nyelvek esetĂ©ben van jelentĹ‘sĂ©ge, hiszen ezeket a szĂłtárakat a kereskedelmi kiadĂłk nem tartják piackĂ©pesnek, Ăgy az elkĂ©szĂtĂ©sĂĽkbe sem invesztálnak jelentĹ‘sen
A kötődéskutatás pedagógiai vonatkozásai. Az anya-gyermek kötődés és zavarai
Napjainkban egyre nagyobb azoknak a gyerekeknek az aránya, akik különböző interperszonális problémákkal küzdenek. E problémák hátterében gyakran kötődési zavarok húzódnak meg, amelyek ismerete mindenképpen szükséges a nem megfelelő viselkedés intézményes keretek között történő hatékony kezeléséhez. A tanulmány első részében összefoglaljuk az anya-gyermek közötti kötődés kutatásának főbb elméleti kereteit, legfontosabb mérőeszközeit és vizsgálati eljárásait, majd ismertetjük a kötődési zavarok néhány sajátosságát
Trading in cooperativity for specificity to maintain uracil-free DNA
Members of the dUTPase superfamily play an important role in the maintenance of the pyrimidine nucleotide balance and of genome integrity. dCTP deaminases and the bifunctional dCTP deaminase-dUTPases are cooperatively regulated by dTTP. However, the manifestation of allosteric behavior within the same trimeric protein architecture of dUTPases, the third member of the superfamily, has been a question of debate for decades. Therefore, we designed hybrid dUTPase trimers to access conformational states potentially mimicking the ones observed in the cooperative relatives. We studied how the interruption of different steps of the enzyme cycle affects the active site cross talk. We found that subunits work independently in dUTPase. The experimental results combined with a comparative structural analysis of dUTPase superfamily enzymes revealed that subtile structural differences within the allosteric loop and the central channel in these enzymes give rise to their dramatically different cooperative behavior. We demonstrate that the lack of allosteric regulation in dUTPase is related to the functional adaptation to more efficient dUTP hydrolysis which is advantageous in uracil-DNA prevention
Igei bĹ‘vĂtmĂ©nykeretek fordĂtási ekvivalenseinek kinyerĂ©se mĂ©lyen elemzett párhuzamos korpuszbĂłl
Jelen cikk cĂ©lja annak vizsgálata, hogy a mĂ©ly szintaktikai elemzĂ©s növeli-e a fedĂ©st Ă©s a pontosságot igei szerkezetek fordĂtási megfelelinek teljesen automatikus kinyerĂ©se során. Els lĂ©pĂ©skĂ©nt a párhuzamos korpusz forrásnyelvi Ă©s cĂ©lnyelvi oldalát kĂĽlön-kĂĽlön elemeztĂĽk, majd ebbl nyertĂĽk ki az igei szerkezeteket egy felĂĽgyelet nĂ©lkĂĽli tanulĂł algoritmussal. Az Ăgy elállt igeiszerkezet-listát gyakorisági alapon szrtĂĽk. A következ lĂ©pĂ©sben az igei szerkezeteket egytagĂş kifejezĂ©sekkĂ© vontuk össze a párhuzamos korpuszban, hogy az egytokenes igei szerkezetek az illesztĂ©si algoritmus bemenetekĂ©nt szolgálhassanak. EredmĂ©nyeink azt mutatják, hogy az alkalmazott mĂłdszer jĂłl használhatĂł igei szerkezetek fordĂtási ekvivalenseinek detekciĂłjára
A newly identified specific biological activity of glyphosate - inhibition of RGD-binding integrins
In this study we investigated the inhibitory effect of the widely used broad-spectrum herbicide active ingredient glyphosate and its related analogues on αVβ3 integrin binding to the shortest oligopeptide recognizing motif of integrins, the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. Integrin binding characteristics were assessed in a modified enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and by a label-free optical biosensor technique. At 22 mM, glyphosate reached full inhibition of αVβ3, and the inhibitory activity of its main metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) was also above 95%, while another environmentally relevant metabolite, sarcosine exerted only a weaker effect, approximately 35% inhibition. In turn, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of glyphosate and AMPA were reported to be 2.7±0.5 mM and 1.3±0.2 mM, respectively. The inhibitory effects of the other related compounds investigated (acetylglycine, glycine and iminodiacetic acid) at the same concentration, 22 mM were below 50%. Inhibitory effects on cell adhesion to RGD-modified surfaces by whole cells containing several types of RGD-binding integrins including αVβ3 were detected using the biosensor technique, where the integrin antagonist activity of glyphosate was also demonstrated
Cellular response to efficient dUTPase RNAi silencing in stable HeLa cell lines perturbs expression levels of genes involved in thymidylate metabolism.
dUTPase is involved in preserving DNA integrity in cells. We report an efficient dUTPase silencing by RNAi-based system in stable human cell line. Repression of dUTPase induced specific expression level increments for thymidylate kinase and thymidine kinase, and also an increased sensitization to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 5-fluoro-uracil. The catalytic mechanism of dUTPase was investigated for 5-fluoro-dUTP. The 5F-substitution on the uracil ring of the substrate did not change the kinetic mechanism of dUTP hydrolysis by dUTPase. Results indicate that RNAi silencing of dUTPase induces a complex cellular response wherein sensitivity towards fluoropyrimidines and gene expression levels of related enzymes are both modulated
- …