Fabrico de queijos de ovelha de pasta mole a partir de leite pasteurizado e de coalho vegetal

Com este manual, pretende-se apresentar a adaptação da tecnologia tradicional de fabrico de queijo de ovelha de pasta mole, que não inclui o tratamento térmico do leite, a uma tecnologia de fabrico de queijo, igualmente tradicional, mas com utilização de leite de ovelha pasteurizadoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pandemic Influenza A H1N1 2009 Infection versus Vaccination: A Cohort Study Comparing Immune Responses in Pregnancy

Background: With the emergence of H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) influenza, the CDC recommended that pregnant women be one of five initial target groups to receive the 2009 monovalent H1N1 vaccine, regardless of prior infection with this influenza strain. We sought to compare the immune response of pregnant women to H1N1 infection versus vaccination and to determine the extent of passive immunity conferred to the newborn. Methods/Findings: During the 2009-2010 influenza season, we enrolled a cohort of women who either had confirmed pH1N1 infection during pregnancy, did not have pH1N1 during pregnancy but were vaccinated against pH1N1, or did not have illness or vaccination. Maternal and umbilical cord venous blood samples were collected at delivery. Hemagglutination inhibition assays (HAI) for pH1N1 were performed. Data were analyzed using linear regression analyses. HAIs were performed for matched maternal/cord blood pairs for 16 women with confirmed pH1N1 infection, 14 women vaccinated against pH1N1, and 10 women without infection or vaccination. We found that pH1N1 vaccination and wild-type infection during pregnancy did not differ with respect to (1) HAI titers at delivery, (2) HAI antibody decay slopes over time, and (3) HAI titers in the cord blood. Conclusions: Vaccination against pH1N1 confers a similar HAI antibody response as compared to pH1N1 infection durin

A million and more trees for science

TreeDivNet is the largest network of biodiversity experiments worldwide, but needs to expand. We encourage colleagues to establish new experiments on the relation between tree species diversity and forest ecosystem functioning, and to make use of the platform for collaborative research

Data from: Soil fertility and parasitoids shape herbivore selection on plants

1. Although plants and herbivores interact under varying soil resources and natural enemy effects, little is known about how these factors influence plant-herbivore interactions and shape the evolution of plant and herbivore traits. Here we ask whether soil fertility and parasitoids shape selection on fruit number imposed by a seed predator (SP) on the perennial herb Ruellia nudiflora. 2. We used a common garden where half the plants of 14 genetic families were fertilized, and recorded the abundance of cleistogamous (CL) fruits and seeds, SPs, and parasitoids. We calculated relative fitness per family based on CL seed number under the following three scenarios: Three trophic levels (accounting for SP and parasitoid effects), two trophic levels (accounting for SP but not parasitoid effects), and one trophic level (fitness in absence of SPs), and compared selection strength on fruit number between trophic scenarios and fertility environments. 3. In unfertilized conditions, SPs selected for increased CL fruit number, whereas parasitoids dampened (but did not eliminate) this selective impact. With fertilization, however, selection by SPs was reduced and unaffected by parasitoids. 4. Synthesis: Overall, we show that parasitoids can shape herbivore selection on plants, but that both herbivore and parasitoid selective impacts depend upon the abiotic environment. These findings underscore how linkages between abiotic factors and trophic complexity influence the ecological and evolutionary outcomes of species interactions

Analgesia PCA por catéter interesternocleidomastoideo frente analgesia PCA intravenosa tras cirugía proximal de húmero

Objectives: We have compared results in postoperative analgesia and incidence of side effects between a continuous intersternocleidotnastoid blockade and intravenous analgesia after proximal shoulder surgery. Methods: In a prospective no randomized study on patients scheduled for unilateral shoulder surgery under general anaesthesia with intravenous fentanil as intraoperative analgesia. In group 1, a continuous intersternocleidomastoid blockade was performed with a bolus of ropivacaine 0,5% 0,4 mL/kg before surgery and a postoperative patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) infusión pump of 0,2% ropivacaine (5ml/h, PCA bolus 5 mi / 30 minutes) was started in the recuperation unit. In group 2, an initial intravenous bolus of 2 gr magnesium metamizol, 100 mg tramadol and 4 mgr ondansetron was administered when patient arrived to recuperation unit and followed by a PCA infusión of 0,16% magnesium metamizol, 0,04% tramadol and 0,0016% ondansetron (1,5 mL h-1, PCA bolus 1 mL/20 minutes) was started. The principal data analized was postoperative pain, at rest and during movement by an analogic numeric scale (0 no dolor, 10 máxime dolor) and the incidence of side effects. Results: We included 38 patients in group 1 and 39 in group 2. The evaluation of postoperative pain demostrated elevated pain seores during movement at first 24 hours and at rest and during movement at 48 hours in group 2, with significant stadistical differences (p<0,05). Minor complications were observed, in group 1 a recurrence laryngeal nerve blockade in two patients, a transient Horner’s syndrome in 2 patients and vomitus in three patients. And in group 2, 12 patients presented nauseas and vomitus and another 3 patients presented sedation. Discussion: PCA by intersternocleidomastoid blockade was an effective and well tolerated technique in our study and it provided better pain scores than intravenous PCA with lower side effects in the first 48 hours after shoulder surgery.Introducción: Comparar la eficacia analgésica e incidencia de efectos adversos entre el bloqueo interesternocleidomastoideo continuo y una pauta analgésica intravenosa tras cirugía proximal de húmero. Material y Métodos: Estudio prospectivo descriptivo no aleatorizado de pacientes intervenidos de cirugía de hombro bajo anestesia general con fentanilo intravenoso como analgesia intraoperatoria. Al grupo 1 se realizó bloqueo interesternocleidomastoideo con ropivacaína 0,5% 0,4 mL Kg-1 y en URPA se comenzó una perfusión de ropivacaína 0,2% 5mL h-1, con bolos PCA 5 mL y tiempo de cierre de 30 minutos. Al grupo 2, a su llegada a la URPA se administró una dosis carga de metamizol 2 gr, tramadol 100 mgr y ondansetrón 4 mgr, seguido por una perfusión de metamizol 0,16%, tramadol 0,04% y ondansetrón 0,0016% a 1,5 mL h-1 bolos PCA 1 mL y tiempo de cierre 20 minutos. La variable principal fue la valoración del dolor postoperatorio, en reposo y movimiento, mediante escala verbal numérica de 0 (no dolor) a 10 (máximo dolor) y la aparición de efectos indeseables. Resultados: Se incluyeron 38 pacientes en el grupo 1 y 39 en el 2. La valoración del dolor postoperatorio puso de manifiesto valores más elevados en las primeras 24 horas al movimiento y a las 48 horas, tanto en reposo como al movimiento, en el grupo 2 (p<0,05). No hubo diferencias en analgesia de rescate demandada. Se registraron 2 episodios de disfonía, 2 de ptosis palpebral y 3 de náuseas y vómitos en el grupo 1, mientras que en el grupo 2, 12 pacientes presentaron náuseas y vómitos (p<0,05) y otros 3 sedación. Conclusiones: El uso de PCA por catéter interesternocleidomastoideo en nuestro estudio, ha constituido una técnica segura y ha proporcionado mejor analgesia que una PCA intravenosa, con menos efectos indeseables, en las primeras 48 horas del postoperatorio

Queijos de ovelha de pasta mole fabricados a partir de leite pasteurizado e de coalho vegetal

Neste trabalho descreve-se a adaptação da tecnologia de fabrico de queijos de ovelha de pasta mole com leite cru, à utilização de leite de ovelha pasteurizado. A pasteurização permitirá outros públicos-alvo e tornará mais fácil a internacionalização destes tipos de queijos. Detalha-se o processo de fabrico e faz-se referência às culturas microbianas utilizadas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

seedsrescued_fitness

Data were collected in the field from a common garden experiment conducted in 2011, near the town of Molas (Yucatan, México). These data include the number of fruits, seed predators, and seeds rescued by parasitoids from seed predator consumption, used to calculate relative fitness under scenarios of: one trophic level (potential seed number, i.e. fruit#*mean # of seeds per fruit), two trophic levels (potential seed # - seeds consumed by seed predators assuming no seed rescue [seed predator #*mean # of seeds per fruit]), and three trophic levels ([potential seed # - seeds consumed] + seeds rescued by parasitoids). Abbreviated headlines are as follows (from left to right): plant maternal family ("genotype"), fertility treatment (NF = not fertilized, F = fertilized, "treatment"), individual plant sampled ("plant"), number of recorded fruits ("fruit#"), number of fruits with a seed predator (i.e. seed predator abundance, "seedpredator#"), number of seeds consumed by seed predators assuming no seed rescue ("consumedseed#(no rescue)"), and the number of rescued seeds by parasitoids ("rescuedseed#"). Data were collected over a two-month period (November-December) in 2011