Gauged System Mimicking the G\"{u}rsey Model

We comment on the changes in the constrained model studied earlier when constituent massless vector fields are introduced. The new model acts like a gauge-Higgs-Yukawa system, although its origin is different.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex4; published versio

Polymorphism in seed endosperm proteins (gliadins and glutenins) of Turkish cultivated einkorn wheat [Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum] landraces

The objective of this study is the analysis of polymorphism in seed endosperm proteins (gliadins and glutenins) of Turkish cultivated einkorn wheat [Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum] landraces. The genetic diversity of high-molecular-weight (HMW) glutenin subunits and the gliadin proteins in 10 landrace populations of cultivated einkorn wheat, originating from Turkey, was investigated using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and ammonium lactic acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE), respectively. For glutenins, the mean number of alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, the mean value of genetic diversity and the mean value of average genetic diversity were detected as 3.50, 2.98, 0.65 and 0.28, respectively. The genetic differentiation was 0.57, while gene flow was 0.19 between populations. For gliadins, the mean number of alleles, the mean number of effective alleles, the mean value of total genetic diversity and the genetic diversity within population were detected as 2.00, 1.21, 0.17 and 0.15, respectively. The genetic differentiation was 0.08, whereas gene flow was 6.15 between populations. STRUCTURE is a software package program for population genetic analysis, was used to infer population structures of landraces populations. The optimum value for K was obtained as 10. Considering the high number of proteins and genetic variation, and increased interest in organic products, the farming of einkorn wheat should be supported and conservation of germplasm in landraces should be maintained as important genetic resources. The landraces germplasm should be conserved for future crop improvement processes

New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (July 2015)

The Collective Article ‘New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records’ of the Mediterranean Marine Science journal offers the means to publish biodiversity records in the Mediterranean Sea. The current article is divided in two parts, for records of native and alien species respectively. The new records of native species include: the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in Capri Island, Thyrrenian Sea; the bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus in the Adriatic Sea; a juvenile basking shark Cetorhinus maximus caught off Piran (northern Adriatic); the deep-sea Messina rockfish Scorpaenodes arenai in the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (East Ionian Sea, Greece); and the oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus in the Adriatic Sea.The new records of alien species include: the red algae Antithamnionella elegans and Palisada maris-rubri, found for the first time in Israel and Greece respectively; the green alga Codium parvulum reported from Turkey (Aegean Sea); the first record of the alien sea urchin Diadema setosum in Greece; the nudibranch Goniobranchus annulatus reported from South-Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece); the opisthobranch Melibe viridis found in Lebanon; the new records of the blue spotted cornetfish Fistularia commersonii in the Alicante coast (Eastern Spain); the alien fish Siganus luridus and Siganus rivulatus in Lipsi Island, Dodecanese (Greece); the first record of Stephanolepis diaspros from the Egadi Islands Marine Protected Area (western Sicily); a northward expansion of the alien pufferfish Torquigener flavimaculosus along the southeastern Aegean coasts of Turkey; and data on the occurrence of the Lessepsian immigrants Alepes djedaba, Lagocephalus sceleratus and Fistularia commersonii in Zakynthos Island (SE Ionian Sea, Greece)

Match-Play and Performance Test Responses of Soccer Goalkeepers: A Review of Current Literature.

Goalkeepers are typically the last defensive line for soccer teams aiming to minimise goals being conceded, with match rules permitting ball handling within a specific area. Goalkeepers are also involved in initiating some offensive plays, and typically remain in close proximity to the goal line while covering ~ 50% of the match distances of outfield players; hence, the competitive and training demands of goalkeepers are unique to their specialised position. Indeed, isolated performance tests differentiate goalkeepers from outfield players in multiple variables. With a view to informing future research, this review summarised currently available literature reporting goalkeeper responses to: (1) match play (movement and skilled/technical demands) and (2) isolated performance assessments (strength, power, speed, aerobic capacity, joint range of motion). Literature searching and screening processes yielded 26 eligible records and highlighted that goalkeepers covered ~ 4-6 km on match day whilst spending ~ 98% of time at low-movement intensities. The most decisive moments are the 2-10 saves·match-1 performed, which often involve explosive actions (e.g. dives, jumps). Whilst no between-half performance decrements have been observed in professional goalkeepers, possible transient changes over shorter match epochs remain unclear. Isolated performance tests confirm divergent profiles between goalkeepers and outfield players (i.e. superior jump performance, reduced [Formula: see text]2max values, slower sprint times), and the training of soccer goalkeepers is typically completed separately from outfield positions with a focus primarily on technical or explosive drills performed within confined spaces. Additional work is needed to examine the physiological responses to goalkeeper-specific training and match activities to determine the efficacy of current preparatory strategies

Design of Self Compacting Lightweight Concrete Using Acidic Pumice with Different Powder Materials

This paper reports an experimental study on the design of self-compacting lightweight concrete using acidic pumice with different powder materials. For this aim, nine self-compacting lightweight concretes were designed with inclusion of two different fine aggregates and different powder materials. This way, two groups of concrete were designed. First group was composed of single type of aggregate which is acidic pumice from Bitlis Region with barite powder, fly ash powder and pumice powder inclusion, while the second group was generated with river sand as a fine aggregate and acidic pumice from Bitlis Region, as a coarse aggregate with the same powder addition. In the design process, slump-flow, V-funnel and L-box tests were applied to determine the fresh properties of self-compacting lightweight concrete. After the design, test of compressive strength, which is one of the most important parameters of concrete, was applied to all self-compacting lightweight concretes in early age. Moreover, ultrasound pulse velocity test was also performed on all concrete series at the same ages

Genetic diversity of natural cyclamen alpinum populations

The focus of this study was Cyclamen alpinum (formerly C. trochopteranthum). Habitat fragmentation, environmental degradation, and overharvesting of tubers have exerted pressure on native populations of this valuable ornamental species. Although the entire Cyclamen genus is in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora-Appendix II (CITES II), no species has yet been red-listed. Estimating the level and distribution of genetic variation in populations of rare and endemic species is important for conserving genetic diversity within a species in the context of well-developed conservation strategies. Currently, DNA markers are the most effective means used to infer genetic variation at the molecular level in conservation genetics. In this study, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was employed to assess the genetic diversity within and among 6 natural C. alpinum populations in the south and southwest of Turkey. A total of 190 loci were determined by using 15 polymorphic primers. Total genetic variation (HT) was 0.27 ± 0.02. A high proportion of this variation, 0.16 ± 0.01 (59.26%), was due to withinpopulation genetic variation (HS). The genetic differentiation coefficient (GST) was 0.41, and the level of gene flow (Nm) within a generation among the 6 populations studied was 0.73. As a result of these findings, we propose in situ combined withex situ conservation of all C. alpinum populations. In addition, our results support prior recommendations to add C. alpinum to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List under the critically endangered (CR) category. © TÜBİTAK

An exact method for minimizing the total treatment time in intensity-modulated radiotherapy

In this paper, we solve a combinatorial optimization problem that arises from the treatment planning of a type of radiotherapy where intensity is modulated by multileaf collimators (MLC) in a step-and-shoot manner. In Ernst et al [INFORMS Journal on Computing 21 (4) (2009): 562-574], we proposed an exact method for minimizing the number of MLC apertures needed for a treatment. Our method outperformed the fastest algorithms available at the time. We refer to our method as the CPI method. We now attempt to minimize the total treatment time by modifying our CPI method. This modification involves non-trivial work, as some of the search space elimination schemes used in the CPI method cannot be applied in here. In our numerical experiments, we again compare our new method with the fastest algorithms currently available. There has been significant recent research in this area; hence we compare our method with those published in Wake et al [Computers and Operations Research 36 (2009): 795-810], Taskin et al [Operations Research 58 (3) (2010): 674-690] and Cambazard et al [CPAIRO (2010): 1-16]. The numerical comparisons indicate that our method generally outperformed the first two, while being competitive with the third

Genetic characterization of Turkish cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] landraces based on isoenzyme analysis

Nineteen landrace populations of Turkish cultivated emmer wheat [Triticum turgidum L. ssp. dicoccon (Schrank) Thell.] were characterized in terms of three isoenzyme [Endopeptidase-1, Aminopeptidase-1 and Aminopeptidase-2] systems, by isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis. For overall loci, the mean number of alleles and effective alleles were observed as 2.00 and 1.37, respectively. The mean value of gene diversity and average gene diversity, in overall loci, were detected as 0.23 and 0.07, respectively. Actual genetic differentiation and gene flow between different populations were calculated as 0.19 and 0.11, respectively. Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses indicated that eco-geographical variables have significant effects on isoenzyme genetic diversity. Landraces that have desirable agronomical and immunological resistance traits that makes them adaptable to climate change and different eco-geographical conditions are important genetic resources to utilise for the improvement of future crops of modern wheat varieties. There is a need to assess the genetic structure and genetic composition of important agronomical characters and to determine the magnitude of the genetic diversity currently conserved in the germplasm of landraces, both in farm fields and in ex situ collections and finally, strategies for the effective use of landraces, particularly of emmer wheat, should be planned and implemented in Turkey were discussed