Wireless transmission of biosignals for hyperbaric chamber applications

[EN] This paper presents a wireless system to send biosignals outside a hyperbaric chamber avoiding wires going through the chamber walls. Hyperbaric chambers are becoming more and more common due to new indications of hyperbaric oxygen treatments. Metallic walls physically isolate patients inside the chamber, where getting a patient's vital signs turns into a painstaking task. The paper proposes using a ZigBee-based network to wirelessly transmit the patient's biosignals to the outside of the chamber. In particular, a wearable battery supported device has been designed, implemented and tested. Although the implementation has been conducted to transmit the electrocardiography signal, the device can be easily adapted to consider other biosignals.The authors would like to thanks the University of Balearic Islands (UIB), the Miguel Hernandez University (UMH), MEDIBAROX unit of the Perpetuo Socorro Hospital and the "Catedra de Medicina Hiperbarica" (UMH) for their support allowing the use of its facilities for this work. The authors would also like to thank Borja Mas Boned for his help designing the LabVIEW application. This research has been carried out with funding and promotion of "Catedra de Medicina Hiperbarica" of the Miguel Hernandez University. http://nbio.umh.es/es/2010/12/01/catedra-de-medicina-hiperbarica-medibarox/.Perez-Vidal, C.; Gracia Calandin, LI.; Carmona, C.; Alorda, B.; Salinas, A. (2017). Wireless transmission of biosignals for hyperbaric chamber applications. PLoS ONE. 12(3):1-19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172768S119123Sureda, A., Batle, J. M., Martorell, M., Capó, X., Tejada, S., Tur, J. A., & Pons, A. (2016). Antioxidant Response of Chronic Wounds to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. PLOS ONE, 11(9), e0163371. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163371Branco, B. H. M., Fukuda, D. H., Andreato, L. V., Santos, J. F. da S., Esteves, J. V. D. C., & Franchini, E. (2016). The Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Post-Training Recovery in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes. PLOS ONE, 11(3), e0150517. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0150517Xu, Y., Ji, R., Wei, R., Yin, B., He, F., & Luo, B. (2016). The Efficacy of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Animal Studies: A Meta-Analysis. PLOS ONE, 11(2), e0148324. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148324Lin, B.-S., Lin, B.-S., Chou, N.-K., Chong, F.-C., & Chen, S.-J. (2006). RTWPMS: A Real-Time Wireless Physiological Monitoring System. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 10(4), 647-656. doi:10.1109/titb.2006.874194Hu, S., Wei, H., Chen, Y., & Tan, J. (2012). A Real-Time Cardiac Arrhythmia Classification System with Wearable Sensor Networks. Sensors, 12(9), 12844-12869. doi:10.3390/s120912844Burns, A., Greene, B. R., McGrath, M. J., O’Shea, T. J., Kuris, B., Ayer, S. M., … Cionca, V. (2010). SHIMMER™ – A Wireless Sensor Platform for Noninvasive Biomedical Research. IEEE Sensors Journal, 10(9), 1527-1534. doi:10.1109/jsen.2010.2045498Gil, Y., Wu, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A Synchronous Multi-Body Sensor Platform in a Wireless Body Sensor Network: Design and Implementation. Sensors, 12(8), 10381-10394. doi:10.3390/s120810381Chin-Teng Lin, Kuan-Cheng Chang, Chun-Ling Lin, Chia-Cheng Chiang, Shao-Wei Lu, Shih-Sheng Chang, … Li-Wei Ko. (2010). An Intelligent Telecardiology System Using a Wearable and Wireless ECG to Detect Atrial Fibrillation. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine, 14(3), 726-733. doi:10.1109/titb.2010.2047401W. Y. Chung, Y. D. Lee, and S. J. Jung, 'A Wireless Sensor Network Compatible Wearable U-Healthcare Monitoring System Using Integrated Ecg, Accelerometer and Spo2', Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2008 (2008), 1529–32.ZigBee Alliance; http://www.zigbee.org/Mahmood, A., Javaid, N., & Razzaq, S. (2015). A review of wireless communications for smart grid. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 41, 248-260. doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.08.036J.S. Lee, Y.W. Su, and C.C. Shen, "A comparative study of wireless protocols: Bluetooth, UWB, ZigBee, and Wi-Fi, 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON), 2007, pp. 46–51.P.P. Parikh, M.G. Kanabar, and T.S. Sidhu, "Opportunities and challenges of wireless communication technologies for smart grid applications, IEEE PES General Meeting, 2010, pp. 1–7.Fadlullah, Z. M., Fouda, M. M., Kato, N., Takeuchi, A., Iwasaki, N., & Nozaki, Y. (2011). Toward intelligent machine-to-machine communications in smart grid. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(4), 60-65. doi:10.1109/mcom.2011.5741147A.C. Olteanu, G.D. Oprina, N. Tapus, and S. Zeisberg, "Enabling mobile devices for home automation using ZigBee, 19th IEEE International Conference on Control Systems and Computer Science, 2013, pp. 189–195.Shang, Y. (2014). Vulnerability of networks: Fractional percolation on random graphs. Physical Review E, 89(1). doi:10.1103/physreve.89.012813R. Barea-Navarro. Biomedical Instrumentation. Chapter 3. University of Alcala

Search for composite and exotic fermions at LEP 2

A search for unstable heavy fermions with the DELPHI detector at LEP is reported. Sequential and non-canonical leptons, as well as excited leptons and quarks, are considered. The data analysed correspond to an integrated luminosity of about 48 pb^{-1} at an e^+e^- centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV and about 20 pb^{-1} equally shared between the centre-of-mass energies of 172 GeV and 161 GeV. The search for pair-produced new leptons establishes 95% confidence level mass limits in the region between 70 GeV/c^2 and 90 GeV/c^2, depending on the channel. The search for singly produced excited leptons and quarks establishes upper limits on the ratio of the coupling of the excited fermio

Search for charginos in e+e- interactions at sqrt(s) = 189 GeV

An update of the searches for charginos and gravitinos is presented, based on a data sample corresponding to the 158 pb^{-1} recorded by the DELPHI detector in 1998, at a centre-of-mass energy of 189 GeV. No evidence for a signal was found. The lower mass limits are 4-5 GeV/c^2 higher than those obtained at a centre-of-mass energy of 183 GeV. The (\mu,M_2) MSSM domain excluded by combining the chargino searches with neutralino searches at the Z resonance implies a limit on the mass of the lightest neutralino which, for a heavy sneutrino, is constrained to be above 31.0 GeV/c^2 for tan(beta) \geq 1.Comment: 22 pages, 8 figure

Search for lightest neutralino and stau pair production in light gravitino scenarios with stau NLSP

Promptly decaying lightest neutralinos and long-lived staus are searched for in the context of light gravitino scenarios. It is assumed that the stau is the next to lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP) and that the lightest neutralino is the next to NLSP (NNLSP). Data collected with the Delphi detector at centre-of-mass energies from 161 to 183 \GeV are analysed. No evidence of the production of these particles is found. Hence, lower mass limits for both kinds of particles are set at 95% C.L.. The mass of gaugino-like neutralinos is found to be greater than 71.5 GeV/c^2. In the search for long-lived stau, masses less than 70.0 to 77.5 \GeVcc are excluded for gravitino masses from 10 to 150 \eVcc . Combining this search with the searches for stable heavy leptons and Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model staus a lower limit of 68.5 \GeVcc may be set for the stau mas

Hadronization properties of b quarks compared to light quarks in e+e- -> q qbar from 183 to 200 GeV

The DELPHI detector at LEP has collected 54 pb^{-1} of data at a centre-of-mass energy around 183 GeV during 1997, 158 pb^{-1} around 189 GeV during 1998, and 187 pb^{-1} between 192 and 200 GeV during 1999. These data were used to measure the average charged particle multiplicity in e+e- -> b bbar events, _{bb}, and the difference delta_{bl} between _{bb} and the multiplicity, _{ll}, in generic light quark (u,d,s) events: delta_{bl}(183 GeV) = 4.55 +/- 1.31 (stat) +/- 0.73 (syst) delta_{bl}(189 GeV) = 4.43 +/- 0.85 (stat) +/- 0.61 (syst) delta_{bl}(200 GeV) = 3.39 +/- 0.89 (stat) +/- 1.01 (syst). This result is consistent with QCD predictions, while it is inconsistent with calculations assuming that the multiplicity accompanying the decay of a heavy quark is independent of the mass of the quark itself.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure