La Reconfiguración Socio-Espacial de Santo Domingo República Dominicana, desde el ejercicio del poder (1955-1978)

La investigación que se p resenta plantea como hipótesis la importancia de empezar a valorar y entender que el proceso urbano forma parte de una cultura, de una época, y que se vincula con las categorías estilísticas de la misma. Aquí se exponen diferentes aspectos que van desde la estructura del régimen político, hasta la configuración de la ciudad y la sociedad de Santo Domingo que fueron proyectados y llevados a cabo durante el período de estudio. Durante el cual la ciudad bajo gobiernos autoritarios (Trujillo y Balaguer) se configura una idea de la ciudad estrechamente ligada a una identidad afianzada en la dominicanidad. Por su carácter de producto individual y hasta utópico, en la ciudad se puede distinguir la correlación entre los "proyectos urbanos" entendidos éstos desde la lógica personal y no desde la perspectiva de las instituciones gubernamentales; los diversos aspectos de la cultura de un pueblo fuertemente marcados por el sello de la figura en el poder, se vislumbran también en las obras cuya magnificencia sugieren visualmente la tarea de preservar la cultura en sí misma pero de manera significativa la presencia de la figura del poder. La realidad urbana viv ida en Santo Domingo, República Dominicana durante el período de estudio, fue construida no necesariamente con el espíritu nacional y cultural, sino que la ciudad fue vista como una realidad producto de la integración de acciones que sugieren el culto a la personalidad de los actores políticos. El planteamiento que aquí se ofrece es producto del análisis y de la constante búsqueda de una interpretación para dilucidar la interrogante sobre la influencia existente, o no, de corrientes urbanísticas y arquitectónicas externas para la imagen de la ciudad. Y en todo caso , si el modelo de ciudad europeo y norteamericano tuvo que ser replanteado bajo la lógica y dinámica pol ítica del gobierno de Trujillo y Balaguer en la Republica Dominicana. La disciplina urbanística, en América Latina, por lo menos a partir de principios de siglo XX, ofreció alternativas para la distribución de los espacios, lugares en los que claramente estaban definidas las actividades económicas, y sólo en algunos casos, la pretensión d e que éstos fueran viv idos y reproducidos socialmente. Con esta aseveración nos acercamos a la comprensión coyuntural en la que estaban sumergidos los países europeos, cuyo proceso de reconstrucción estuvo condicionado por factores de distinta índole com o: la nueva distribución geográfica, los eventos migratorios y la nueva di námica industrial. Factores que impactaron en América Latina tras la ola migratoria que se estableció en el continente y que dinamizó el nuevo orden espacialLa historia de las ciudades, como ellas, va construyéndose en paralelo, pues ahí se imbrican las más profundas vivencias y contradicciones humanas. Son el reflejo de una cultura prevista de amplias posibilidades para integrar en una sola realidad las más puras expresiones de los que en ella habitan. Santo Domingo, la ciudad primada no es la excepción en este proceso, l a ciudad ejemplifica desde sus inicios un proceso de reconfiguración donde el ejercicio del poder se materializó en la distribución socioespacial. Y más tarde con el establecimiento y permanencia de gobiernos autorita rios la ciudad fue escenario del protagonismo de los actores políticos: Trujillo y Balaguer. El primero autonombrado Benefactor de la Patria N ueva, hizo de la ciudad su espacio personal, cuya característica principal fue el culto a su personalidad. El seg undo le sumó la modernidad y el progreso Ambos, contribuyeron al discurso legitimador del poder político sobre cuya base descansó el proceso de dominicanización durante el periodo de (1955 - 1978

The Influence of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern on Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia

Diet is a modifiable factor in bone and muscle health. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is rich in nutrients and contains key bioactive components with probable protective effects on muscle and bone deterioration. Osteoporosis (OP) and sarcopenia are diseases that increase frailty and susceptibility to fracture, morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is necessary to combat them in the population. In this regard, MedDiet adherence has proven to be beneficial to bone mineral density (BMD), muscle mass, physical function, OP and sarcopenia. Hence, this diet is proposed as a therapeutic tool that could slow the onset of osteoporosis and sarcopenia. However, there is doubt about the interaction between the MedDiet, strength and fracture risk. Perhaps the amount of EVOO (extra virgin olive oil), fruits, vegetables and fish rich in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutrients ingested has an influence, though the results remain controversiaInstitute of Health Carlos III grants (PI21-01069, PI18-01235 and CIBERFES)European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)Junta de Andalucía (PI- 0268-2019)Junta de Andalucía and Institute of Health Carlos III, respectively (RH-0141-2020; CD20/00022

Mild hypophosphatasia may be twice as prevalent as previously estimated: an effective clinical algorithm to detect undiagnosed cases

Objectives: Since the prevalence of hypophosphatasia (HPP), a rare genetic disease, seems to be underestimated in clinical practice, in this study, a new diagnostic algorithm to identify missed cases of HPP was developed and implemented. Methods: Analytical determinations recorded in the Clinical Analysis Unit of the Hospital Universitario Clínico San Cecilio in the period June 2018 – December 2020 were reviewed. A new clinical algorithm to detect HPP-misdiagnosed cases was used including the following steps: confirmation of persistent hypophosphatasemia, exclusion of secondary causes of hypophosphatasemia, determination of serum pyridoxal- 5′-phosphate (PLP) and genetic study of ALPL gene. Results: Twenty-four subjects were selected to participate in the study and genetic testing was carried out in 20 of them following clinical algorithm criteria. Eighty percent of patients was misdiagnosed with HPP following the current standard clinical practice. Extrapolating these results to the current Spanish population means that there could be up to 27,177 cases of undiagnosed HPP in Spain. In addition, we found a substantial proportion of HPP patients affected by other comorbidities, such as autoimmune diseases (∼40 %). Conclusions: This new algorithm was effective in detecting previously undiagnosed cases ofHPP, which appears to be twice as prevalent as previously estimated for the European population. In the near future, our algorithm could be globally applied routinely in clinical practice to minimize the underdiagnosis of HPP. Additionally, some relevant findings, such as the high prevalence of autoimmune diseases in HPP-affected patients, should be investigated to better characterize this disorder.Instituto de Salud Carlos III grants PI21-01069 co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and by Junta de Andalucía grant PI-0268-2019Operational Programme for Youth Employment of the Junta de Andalucía with Ref: POEJ_04/2022-12Instituto de Salud Carlos III with co-funding by FEDER (CD20/00022)(FI19/00118 and CM21/00221) from Instituto de Salud CarlosPostdoctoral fellowship from the Junta de Andalucía (RH-0141-2020

PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA GENERAL DE LA ASIGNATURA DE QUÍMICA I

GUÍA DIDÁCTICA / PLANEACIÓN DIDÁCTICA (NMS

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

una mirada desde las Ciencias de la Conducta

Este libro es el resultado de los trabajos presentados en el 1er Congreso Internacional "Convivencia y bienestar con sentido humanista para una cultura de paz"

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation