Inclusive businesses as a development strategy to fight poverty: understanding how multilateral organizations promote engagement in Progressive Neoliberalism

Inclusive businesses implement policies aimed at bringing a marginalized part of the global population into value chains. This paper analyzes these social inclusion strategies which have gained increasing importance in the development debate. In order to do so, we have examined the role of two multilateral organizations – the United Nations and the World Bank – in constructing the concept of inclusive businesses and analyzed 107 cases which are considered inclusive. From the analysis of how inclusive businesses incorporate low-income people and microenterprises into value chains, we identified three central approaches: inclusion through consumption, distribution chains, and supply chains. We rely on Boltanski and Chiapello's (1999) theoretical model to understand the assumptions and dynamics behind each of these three approaches and to grasp the moral justifications that legitimize them. In this sense, such strategies are understood here as a response by capitalism to its critics, a kind of response that allows neoliberal capitalism to absorb the less threatening demands of the progressive agenda and promote new forms of engagement in the system. We conclude that these development strategies do not address the structural asymmetries of the global productive and distributive system, since they replace an agenda for decreasing inequality and poverty eradication with one of mere poverty relief and overshadow the role of the state in the development process. The first step to move beyond this approach requires bringing collective and redistributive demands back into the center of development debate.Inclusive businesses implement policies aimed at bringing a marginalized part of the global population into value chains. This paper analyzes these social inclusion strategies which have gained increasing importance in the development debate. In order to do so, we have examined the role of two multilateral organizations – the United Nations and the World Bank – in constructing the concept of inclusive businesses and analyzed 107 cases which are considered inclusive. From the analysis of how inclusive businesses incorporate low-income people and microenterprises into value chains, we identified three central approaches: inclusion through consumption, distribution chains, and supply chains. We rely on Boltanski and Chiapello's (1999) theoretical model to understand the assumptions and dynamics behind each of these three approaches and to grasp the moral justifications that legitimize them. In this sense, such strategies are understood here as a response by capitalism to its critics, a kind of response that allows neoliberal capitalism to absorb the less threatening demands of the progressive agenda and promote new forms of engagement in the system. We conclude that these development strategies do not address the structural asymmetries of the global productive and distributive system, since they replace an agenda for decreasing inequality and poverty eradication with one of mere poverty relief and overshadow the role of the state in the development process. The first step to move beyond this approach requires bringing collective and redistributive demands back into the center of development debate

Symmetric Differentiation on Time Scales

We define a symmetric derivative on an arbitrary nonempty closed subset of the real numbers and derive some of its properties. It is shown that real-valued functions defined on time scales that are neither delta nor nabla differentiable can be symmetric differentiable.Comment: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will be published in Applied Mathematics Letters. Submitted 30-Jul-2012; revised 07-Sept-2012; accepted 10-Sept-201

Noether's symmetry theorem for nabla problems of the calculus of variations

We prove a Noether-type symmetry theorem and a DuBois-Reymond necessary optimality condition for nabla problems of the calculus of variations on time scales.Comment: Submitted 20/Oct/2009; Revised 27/Jan/2010; Accepted 28/July/2010; for publication in Applied Mathematics Letter

Higher-order infinite horizon variational problems in discrete quantum calculus

We obtain necessary optimality conditions for higher-order infinite horizon problems of the calculus of variations via discrete quantum operators.Comment: Submitted 11-May-2011; revised 16-Sept-2011; accepted 02-Dec-2011; for publication in Computers & Mathematics with Application

Elaboração de um manual de requisitos para exportação de pescado e produtos da pesca congelados

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biológica (área de especialização em Tecnologia Química e Alimentar)No âmbito de facilitar as exportações da empresa Brasmar, desenvolveu-se um manual de requisitos para exportação de pescado e produtos da pesca congelados para treze mercados mundiais. Após, o estudo dos diferentes mercados, afere-se que possuem diferentes requisitos para a entrada do género alimentício no seu país. No entanto, todos eles têm um ponto em comum, que se refere à emissão de um certificado sanitário obrigatório, que deve acompanhar o produto durante toda a exportação. Conclui-se que a Direção Geral de Alimentação e Veterinária (DGAV) é um elemento indispensável neste processo, pois funciona como elo de ligação com as autoridades competentes dos países destino. Além disso, afere-se ainda, que os países que possuem um número de requisitos mais exigentes são o Brasil, Cuba e China. No entanto, o Canadá e os EUA posicionam-se logo de seguida. Por fim, conclui-se que exportar requer um elevado conhecimento dos mercados e de todos os procedimentos necessário para proceder à exportação de pescado e produtos da pesca.In order of facilitating Brasmar’s exports, a manual of requirements for the export of frozen fish and fishery products to different markets was developed, encompassing thirteen world markets. After, the study of the different markets, it was observed that have different requirements to allow the entry of the food in their country. However, they all have one point in common, which refers to the issue of a mandatory health certificate, to accompany that the product throughout the export. It is concluded that the Portuguese National Authority for Animal Health is an indispensable element in this process as it acts as a liaison with the competent authorities of the destination countries. In addition, it is also clear that the countries with the most demanding requirements are Brazil, Cuba and China. However, Canada and the US position themselves soon after. Finally, it is concluded that exporting requires a high knowledge of the markets and of all procedures necessary for the export of fish and fishery products

The Second Euler-Lagrange Equation of Variational Calculus on Time Scales

The fundamental problem of the calculus of variations on time scales concerns the minimization of a delta-integral over all trajectories satisfying given boundary conditions. In this paper we prove the second Euler-Lagrange necessary optimality condition for optimal trajectories of variational problems on time scales. As an example of application of the main result, we give an alternative and simpler proof to the Noether theorem on time scales recently obtained in [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 342 (2008), no. 2, 1220-1226].Comment: This work was partially presented at the Workshop in Control, Nonsmooth Analysis and Optimization, celebrating Francis Clarke's and Richard Vinter's 60th birthday, Porto, May 4-8, 2009. Submitted 26-May-2009; Revised 12-Jan-2010; Accepted 29-March-2010 in revised form; for publication in the European Journal of Contro

Reingreso por infección del sitio quirúrgico ortopédico: una revisión integradora

OBJETIVO Caracterizar los reingresos por infección del sitio quirúrgico ortopédico. MÉTODO Revisión integradora de la literatura, en las bases de datos LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO y PUBMED, por medio de los descriptores Reingreso del paciente, Infección de la herida operatoria, Infección hospitalaria, Procedimientos ortopédicos, Ortopedia. RESULTADOS Fueron identificados 78 estudios y seleccionadas 10 publicaciones. La infección del sitio quirúrgico es la causa más frecuente entre los reingresos ortopédicos no planificados, que representan largas estancias hospitalarias, nuevas intervenciones quirúrgicas y costos elevados, además de mayor posibilidad de ingresos subsiguientes. Los factores predictivos más significativos señalaron tiempo de estancia media, necesidad de cuidados intensivos, status de urgencia en el ingreso, riesgo de muerte, edad >; 65 años, sexo masculino y mayor índice de masa corpórea. CONCLUSIÓN Las tasas de reingreso se hacen cada vez más medidas de cualidad y preocupación con relación a los costos. Nuevos estudios podrían involucrar cuestiones relacionadas con costos indirectos, especialmente los sociales y psicológicos.OBJECTIVE Characterizing readmissions from orthopedic surgical site infections. METHOD An integrative review of literature in the LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO and PUBMED databases, using the descriptors Patient readmission, Wound infection, Cross infection, Orthopedic procedures, Orthopedics. RESULTS 78 studies were identified and 10 publications were selected. Surgical site infections are the most common cause of unplanned orthopedic readmissions, representing long periods of hospitalization, new surgical procedures and high costs, and greater possibility of subsequent hospitalizations. Most significant predictors have indicated average length of hospitalization, need for intensive care, emergency status at admission, risk of death, age >; 65 years, males and higher body mass index. CONCLUSION Readmission rates have increasingly become measures of quality and concerns about costs. New studies could involve issues related to indirect costs, specifically social and psychological costs.OBJETIVO Caracterizar as readmissões por infecção do sítio cirúrgico ortopédico. MÉTODO Revisão integrativa da literatura, nas bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, MEDLINE, Cochrane, SciELO e PUBMED, por meio dos descritores Readmissão do paciente, Infecção da ferida operatória, Infecção hospitalar, Procedimentos ortopédicos, Ortopedia. RESULTADOS Identificados 78 estudos e selecionadas 10 publicações. A infecção do sítio cirúrgico é a causa mais frequente entre as readmissões ortopédicas não planejadas, que representam longos períodos de internação, novas intervenções cirúrgicas e custos elevados, além de maior possibilidade de internações subsequentes. Fatores preditivos mais significantes apontaram tempo médio de internação, necessidade de cuidados intensivos,status de urgência na admissão, risco de morte, idade >; 65 anos, sexo masculino e maior índice de massa corporal. CONCLUSÃO Taxas de readmissão tornam-se cada vez mais medidas de qualidade e preocupação em relação a custos. Novos estudos poderiam envolver questões relacionadas a custos indiretos, especificamente os sociais e psicológicos

Introduction: new trends on dynamical systems and differential equations

The main contributions of [Int. J. Dyn. Syst. Differ. Equ., Vol. 8, Nos. 1/2 (2018)], consisting of 11 papers selected and revised from the international conference IMAME’2016, are highlighted.publishe