Comportamiento de las concentraciones iónicas atómicas y moleculares sobre Sudamérica, observadas con satélites pasantes S3-1 Y S3-2

Se analizan desde el punto de vista fisicoquímico las mediciones de concentración de iones atómicos y moleculares, obtenidas por los satélites S3-1 y S3-2 en diversas órbitas y en su pasaje sobre Sudamérica. Las órbitas consideradas durante los días 25, 27 y 28/ 3/76 corresponden a períodos de actividad geomagnética nula, moderada y perturbada. Es muy significativa la perfecta correspondencia de la curva de concentración de N⁺ con la de 0⁺, aunque la primera muestra valores de concentración dos órdenes de magnitud inferiores. Esto ocurre aún en días perturbados. Datos proporcionados por el satélite S3-1 para setiembre de 1976 muestran, además del proceso indicado arriba la similitud en comportamiento y valor de las concentraciones de los iones moleculares N0⁺ y 0⁺₂. Se pretende explicar estos resultados en base a las correspondientes ecuaciones de continuidad y para el rango de alturas de interés (240 a 300 km). En cuánto a la dinámica que justifique la profunda bahía negativa del día 28/3/76 (TU), se da la alternativa de dos procesos: uno originado por el interjuego entre plasmasfera e ionosfera a lo largo de tubos de flujo, y el otro por el "enfrentamiento" entre dos mecanismos opuestos, el de generación de la anomalía ecuatorial ionosférica y el de propagación de la perturbación que proviene de zonas aurórales. La discusión es planteada también en base a la confrontación con valores de contenido electrónico sobre Tucumán, y de concentración electrónica a lo largo de la red sudamericana de sondadores.Atomic and molecular ions concentration over South America, measured by the S3-1 and S3-2 satellites, are analyzed from a physicochemical point of view. The orbits in consideration, for the 25, 27 and 28 of March, 1976, correspond to periods of null, moderate and disturbed geomagnetic activity. The perfect correspondence between N⁺ and 0⁺ although with values of concentration two orders of magnitude lower for N⁺, is one of the standing out features of the concentration curves, even for disturbed days. Data provided by the S3-1 satellite for September 1976 show, besides of the above mentioned process, the similarity in behaviour and value of the N0⁺ and 0⁺₂ molecular ions concentrations. It is intended to explain these results based on the corresponding continuity equations and for the height interval of interest (2U0 to 300 km). As for the dynamic process to justify the deep negative bay of March 28 (UT), two alternatives are given: a process originated by the plasmasphere-ionosphere interplay along the flux tubes, and the other by the "facing" between two oppossed mechanisms, that of generation of the ionospheric equatorial anomaly, and that of propagation of perturbation from auroral zones. The aforementioned discussion has been also based on the confrontation with values of electron content over Tucuman, and electron concentration along the South American ionosonde network.Asociación Argentina de Geofísicos y Geodesta

Laboratory and telescope demonstration of the TP3-WFS for the adaptive optics segment of AOLI

AOLI (Adaptive Optics Lucky Imager) is a state-of-art instrument that combines adaptive optics (AO) and lucky imaging (LI) with the objective of obtaining diffraction limited images in visible wavelength at mid- and big-size ground-based telescopes. The key innovation of AOLI is the development and use of the new TP3-WFS (Two Pupil Plane PositionsWavefront Sensor). The TP3-WFS, working in visible band, represents an advance over classical wavefront sensors such as the Shack-Hartmann WFS (SH-WFS) because it can theoretically use fainter natural reference stars, which would ultimately provide better sky coverages to AO instruments using this newer sensor. This paper describes the software, algorithms and procedures that enabled AOLI to become the first astronomical instrument performing real-time adaptive optics corrections in a telescope with this new type of WFS, including the first control-related results at the William Herschel Telescope (WHT)This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy under the projects AYA2011-29024, ESP2014-56869-C2-2-P, ESP2015-69020-C2-2-R and DPI2015-66458-C2-2-R, by project 15345/PI/10 from the Fundación Séneca, by the Spanish Ministry of Education under the grant FPU12/05573, by project ST/K002368/1 from the Science and Technology Facilities Council and by ERDF funds from the European Commission. The results presented in this paper are based on observations made with the William Herschel Telescope operated on the island of La Palma by the Isaac Newton Group in the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Special thanks go to Lara Monteagudo and Marcos Pellejero for their timely contributions

Acidentes por serpentes corais (Micrurus spp.) em Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, sudeste do Brasil

Coral snakes (Micrurus spp.) are the main representatives of the Elapidae in South America. However, bites by these snakes are uncommon. We retrospectively reviewed the data from 11 individuals bitten by coral snakes over a 20-year period; four were confirmed (snake brought for identification) and seven were highly suspected (neuromuscular manifestations) cases of elapid envenoming. The cases were classified as dry-bite (n = 1, caused by M. lemniscatus; did not receive antivenom), mild (n = 2, local manifestations with no acute myasthenic syndrome; M. frontalis and Micrurus spp.), moderate (n = 5, mild myasthenia) or severe (n = 3, important myasthenia; one of them caused by M. frontalis). The main clinical features upon admission were paresthesia (local, n = 9; generalized, n = 2), local pain (n = 8), palpebral ptosis (n = 8), weakness (n = 4) and inability to stand up (n = 3). No patient developed respiratory failure. Antivenom was used in ten cases, with mild early reactions occurring in three. An anticholinesterase drug was administered in the three severe cases, with a good response in two. No deaths were observed. Despite the high toxicity of coral snake venoms, the prognosis following envenoming is good. In serious bites by M. frontalis or M. lemniscatus, the venom of which acts postsynaptically, anticholinesterases may be useful as an ancillary measure if antivenom is unavailable, if there is a delay in obtaining a sufficient amount, or in those patients given the highest recommended doses of antivenom without improvement of the paralysis or with delayed recovery.As serpentes corais (Micrurus spp.) são as principais representantes dos elapídeos na América do Sul. Todavia, acidentes com essas serpentes são raros. Foram revisados retrospectivamente os prontuários de 11 pacientes mordidos por corais num período de 20 anos. Destes 11 casos, quatro foram casos confirmados por identificação da serpente e sete como casos altamente suspeitos de envenenamento elapídico por apresentarem manifestações neuromusculares indicativas de miastenia aguda. Os casos foram classificados como não envenenados [n = 1, causado por M. lemniscatus, não recebeu antiveneno (AV)], leves (manifestações locais sem miastenia, n = 2, causados por M. frontalis e M. spp.), moderados (miastenia leve, n = 5) e graves (miastenia intensa, n = 3, um causado por M. frontalis). Os principais achados clínicos à admissão foram: parestesia (local, n = 9; generalizada, n = 2), dor local (n = 8), ptose palpebral (n = 8), fraqueza (n = 4), incapacidade de se manter na posição ereta (n = 3). Nenhum paciente desenvolveu insuficiência respiratória. O AV elapídico foi empregado em 10 casos, ocorrendo reações precoces leves em três. Em três pacientes foram administrados anticolinesterásicos, com resposta favorável em dois. Não ocorreram óbitos. A despeito da alta toxicidade dos venenos de Micrurus spp., o prognóstico do envenenamento é bom. Nos casos graves determinados por M. frontalis e M. lemniscatus, cujos venenos atuam pós-sinapticamente, o uso de anticolinesterásicos pode ser considerado caso o AV não seja disponível; caso ocorra um atraso para a sua obtenção; ou nos pacientes que receberam as mais altas doses de AV recomendadas sem melhora da paralisia ou demora na reversão desses sintomas

Localization of the tibial entry point

OBJETIVE: To assess, through a questionnaire, the intramedullary nail entry point in the proximal aspect of the tibia. Me-thods: 230 attendees who treat tibial fractures were interviewed. The questionnaire was created with three sections that could be answered with Yes or No answers and a fourth section that had two figures representing anteroposterior (AP) and lateral view x-rays that could be answered with a format A, B or C. RESULTS: The most frequent reason was ease of access (67.8%), followed by the better nail insertion access (60.9%) and the third one was to prevent knee pain (27.4%). Reasons for choosing access so as to prevent knee pain and prevent tendinitis had a significant relationship with points A and C of the schematic figure in the AP x-ray, especially C (medial tibial crest). No significant difference was observed between types of access to the patellar ligament in the schematic figure of the AP and lateral x-ray among age groups. CONCLUSION: The greater the age, the larger the proportion choosing the question avoid valgus deformity. Reasons from a medical (practical) perspective were related to the type of access in the transpatellar ligament, while reasons from a patient (functional) perspective were related to medial parapatellar access. Transpatellar access was chosen by most participants (66.5%).OBJETIVO: Verificar, através de um questionário, o ponto de entrada da haste intramedular na região proximal da tíbia. Métodos: 230 participantes que tratam fraturas da tíbia foram entrevistados. O questionário foi formulado com três segmentos que poderiam ser respondidos com um formato sim ou não e um quarto, com duas figuras que representavam uma radiografia em anteroposterior (AP) e lateral que poderiam ser respondidas com um formato A, B ou C. RESULTADOS: A razão mais frequente foi a facilidade de acesso (67,8%), seguida do melhor acesso para inserção da haste (60,9%) e em terceiro prevenir a dor no joelho (27,4%). Existiu relação significativa entre as razões de escolha do acesso como prevenir dor no joelho e evitar tendinites com os pontos A e C da figura esquemática de radiografia em AP, principalmente o ponto C (crista tibial medial). Observou-se que não existiu diferença significativa nos tipos de acesso em relação ao ligamento patelar, nas figuras esquemáticas de radiografia em AP e perfil entre as faixas etárias. CONCLUSÃO: Observou-se que quanto maior a faixa etária maior a proporção de escolher a pergunta evitar deformidade em valgo. As razões de aspecto médico (prático) foram relacionadas com o tipo de acesso no ligamento transpatelar, enquanto que as razões de aspecto paciente (funcional) foram relacionadas com o acesso parapatelar medial. O acesso transpatelar foi escolhido pela maioria dos participantes (66,5%).Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Hospital Santa TeresaUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Faculdade de Medicina Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaHospital de IpanemaSanta Casa de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências MedicasSanta Casa de São Paulo da Faculdade de CiênciasUNIFESPSciEL

Fenología de la especie amenazada Leptocereus scopulophilus (Cactaceae) en un bosque semideciduo de Cuba occidental

Background and Aims: Phenological studies have shown their utility in understanding the ecosystem dynamics and could be useful for the conservation of plant species. In cacti, studies evaluating reproductive and vegetative phenology are still scarce, particularly in species inhabiting semi-deciduous forest. The present study addresses different aspects of the phenology of Leptocereus scopulophilus, an endemic threatened cactus inhabiting a semi-deciduous forest of western Cuba. The main objectives of this study are to characterize the phenology of L. scopulophilus, to compare its interannual behavior in years with different rainfall regimes, and to evaluate the relationships between phenophases and environmental variables. Methods: Fifty adult individuals were selected and the number of buds, flowers, fruits, as well as vegetative growth and retrogressions of a randomly selected branch were recorded monthly for three years. The percentage of lighting, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall was evaluated monthly. The annual and interannual patterns of each phenophase were compared using circular statistics. The relationship between climatic variables and the phenophases was evaluated using a Spearman correlation. Key results: Flowering and fruiting patterns were unimodal with lagged maximums in one month. Flowering coincided with the late dry season and fruiting occurred at the beginning of the rainy season. Vegetative growth generally occurred randomly and simultaneously with reproduction, while the retrogressions occurred during the rainy season. The variable most correlated with the phenophases was lighting. Conclusions: The opening of the canopy of the semi-deciduous forest where L. scopulophilus occurs favors the reproduction and growth of its branches. This event was modulated by the duration and intensity of the rains of the previous season.Antecedentes y Objetivos: Los estudios fenológicos han mostrado su utilidad para entender la dinámica de los ecosistemas y pueden ser útiles para la conservación de especies vegetales. En cactáceas son escasos los estudios que evalúan la fenología reproductiva y vegetativa, en particular sobre especies de bosques semideciduos. El presente estudio aborda diferentes aspectos de la fenología de Leptocereus scopulophilus, una cactácea amenazada y endémica presente en un bosque semideciduo de Cuba occidental. Este estudio tiene como objetivos principales caracterizar la fenología de L. scopulophilus, comparar su comportamiento interanual con diferentes regímenes de precipitación y evaluar las relaciones entre las fenofases y las variables ambientales. Métodos: Se seleccionaron 50 individuos adultos y se registraron, mensualmente durante tres años, el número de botones, flores, frutos, así como el crecimiento vegetativo y los retrocesos de una rama seleccionada al azar. Se evaluaron mensualmente el porcentaje de iluminación, la temperatura, la humedad relativa y las precipitaciones. Los patrones anuales e interanuales de cada fenofase fueron comparados mediante estadística circular. La relación existente entre variables ambientales y las fenofases se evaluó con una correlación de Spearman. Resultados clave: Los patrones de floración y fructificación resultaron unimodales con máximos desfasados en un mes. La floración coincidió con el final de la época seca y la fructificación ocurrió al inicio de la época lluviosa. El crecimiento vegetativo fue generalmente de forma aleatoria y simultáneo a la reproducción, mientras el retroceso de las ramas sucedió durante la época lluviosa. La variable más correlacionada con las fenofases fue la iluminación. Conclusiones: La apertura del dosel del bosque semideciduo donde habita L. scopulophilus favorece la reproducción y el crecimiento de sus ramas. Este evento estuvo modulado por la duración e intensidad de las lluvias de la temporada previa

Eficiência de diferentes volumosos na alimentação de equinos em crescimento

Twelve colts and twelve fillies aged 11,5 months were housed in individual stalls during 112-day trial and fed with concentrate at the rate of 1% of body weight, roughage and mineralized salt. The treatments consisted of: alfalfa hay (AH) (Medicago sativa L.); perennial soybean hay (SH) (Glycine wightii Willd.); corn silage (CS) (Zea mays L.) and elephant grass (EG) (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) Cv. Vruckwona. The average daily weight gain was 1.19, 0.99, 1.00 and 0.83 kg, respectively. AH and EG treatments were significantly different at 0.05 level. The average growth rate at the withers was 1.92 cm per period of 28 days without any significant difference between treatments (P>0.05). The average hearth girth gain was 5.13, 3.88, 3.42 and 3.92, respectively; the AH treatment was significantly different from the CS treatment at 0.05 level. The dry matter (DM) intake was greater for hay (P0,05) entre os tratamentos. O aumento médio no perímetro torácico foi de 5,13, 3,88, 3,42 e 3,92 cm/período, respectivamente com diferença (P<0,05) entre FA e SM. O consumo de matéria seca (MS) foi de 90,45, 82,04, 34,91, 35,37 g/dia/kg0'75, respectivamente, com diferença (P<0,05) entre os fenos e os outros tratamentos. O crescimento máximo foi obtido com FA, contudo quando fornecido à vontade elevou o custo de produção dos potros

Study of the tibial rotational deviation

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the postoperative rotational deviation of diaphyseal tibial fractures in patients treated with non-reamed, interlocking intramedullary nailing and bridge plate, using computerized tomography for measurement. METHOD: one hundred and thirteen patients with diaphyseal tibial fractures were treated; 42 fractures were treated with non-reamed, interlocking intramedullary nailing, and 71 fractures were treated with bridge plate. Tibial rotation measurements were obtained by using the CT scan. All of the fractures were classified by the AO scale, by their presentation (closed and open) and the percentage of deviation on internal and external rotation. RESULTS: no significant difference in tibial rotation was found as a function of fracture location, internal or external rotation, and types A or B of fractures. However, in the case of type C fractures and open fractures, the treatment with non-reamed, interlocking intramedullary nailing resulted in a much smaller rotation in comparison to the treatment with bridge plate (p = 0.028 and p = 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: rotational deviations, regardless of the location of the diaphyseal tibial fractures, are associated to the trauma energy, thus presenting a greater challenge to control it by using the bridge plate.OBJETIVO: avaliar o desvio rotacional pós-operatório das fraturas diafisárias da tíbia de pacientes tratadas com haste intramedular bloqueada não-fresada e placa em ponte, utilizando a tomografia computadorizada. MÉTODOS: foram tratados 113 pacientes com fraturas diafisárias da tíbia, sendo que em 42 fraturas os autores utilizaram haste intramedular bloqueada e em 71 foram utilizadas placa em ponte. O método tomográfico utilizado ara se obter as medidas da rotação tibial. Foi empregada a classificação AO das fraturas; à exposição: fechadas e expostas e a percentagem de desvios em rotação interna e externa. RESULTADOS: foi demonstrado não haver diferença significativa de rotação tibial nos seguintes parâmetros analisados: localização, rotação interna ou externa e nos tipos A e B da classificação AO. Porém, nas fraturas do tipo C e nas fraturas expostas, a haste intramedular bloqueada apresentou diferença rotacional significativamente menor (p = 0,028) e (p = 0,05), quando comparada à placa em ponte. CONCLUSÃO: independente da localização das fraturas diafisárias da tíbia, os desvios rotacionais estão relacionados à energia do trauma, apresentando uma maior dificuldade de controle com a técnica placa em ponte.Hospital Santa Teresa Prof. Dr. Donato D'Ângelo Serviço de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUFRJ Faculdade de MedicinaHospital de IpanemaUNIFESP-EPM Departamento de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Ortopedia e TraumatologiaSciEL

REVIEW OF LITERATURE MODELS THAT ADDRESS SUSTAINABILITY IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

This article comparedidentified models in the literature that incorporates sustainability in project management, with an integrated model used as reference, mapping their points of similarity. For this purpose, bibliographic research of 90 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases was carried out, which address the themes of sustainability and project management. The reference model was compared with 16 models identified during the literature search, through comparative analysis and grounded theory. As a result, the study presents the identified similarity between model's constructs. It is concluded that there is no pattern or convergence between the different models identified, so that thereference model plays a role in stimulating the integration of sustainability with project management in a more comprehensive way

Epidemiologic Behavior of Obesity in the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide public health issue. Since the epidemiological behaviour of this disease is not well established in our country, the purpose of this study was to determinate its prevalence in the Maracaibo City, Zulia State- Venezuela. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken using the data set from the Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study. The sample consists of 2108 individuals from both genders and randomly selected: 1119 (53.09%) women and 989 (46.91%) men. The participants were interrogated for a complete clinical history and anthropometric measurements. To classify obesity, the WHO criteria for Body Mass Index (BMI), and Waist Circumference (WC) from the IDF/NHLBI/AHA/WHF/IAS/IASO-2009 (IDF-2009) and ATPIII statements were applied. Results: For BMI, obesity had an overall prevalence of 33.3% (n = 701), and according to gender women had 32.4% (n = 363) and men had 34.2% (n = 338). Overweight had a prevalence of 34.8% (n = 733), Normal weight had 29.8% (n = 629), and Underweight had 2.1% (n = 45). Adding Obesity and Overweight results, the prevalence of elevated BMI (.25 Kg/m2) was 68.1%. Using the IDF-2009 WC’s cut-off, Obesity had 74.2% prevalence, compared to 51.7% using the ATPIII parameters. Conclusions: These results show a high prevalence of abdominal obesity in our locality defined by the WHO, IDF-2009 and ATPIII criteria, which were not designed for Latin-American populations. We suggest further investigation to estimate the proper values according to ethnicity, genetic background and sociocultural aspects

FITOSSOCIOLOGIA DA RESERVA ESTADUAL DE ÁGUAS DA PRATA - SP

Foi realizado um estudo fitossociológico na Reserva Estadual de Aguas da Prata, localizada a 21° 55' Se 46° 42' W., com altitudes variando de 840 m a 1. 060 m, temperatura média anual de 20,5ºC, clima Cwb segundo Koppen, com solo rico em nutrientes e ocupando uma área de 48,4 ha. Foram instaladas 20 parcelas de 10 x 20 m e considerados os indivíduos lenhosos com DAP maior ou igual a 5,0 cm. No levantamento, foram observados 478 indivíduos, incluindo as mortas, 74 espécies representadas por 38 famílias, densidade de 1.195 indivíduos/ha, área basal 37,4 m2 /ha e volume cilíndrico de 329,4 m3 /ha. Observou-se que a fertilidade do solo provavelmente influenciou o grande volume alcançado na floresta estudada. Na comparação entre os índices dendrométricos observados em Aguas da Prata e outras cinco florestas naturais e uma artificial do Estado de São Paulo, concluiu-se que a área basal e o volume poderão ser um bom referencial para avaliar a estrutura de uma floresta natural