Comportamento de cultivares de pepino (Cucumis sativus L.) em duas épocas de semeadura

Plant development and fruit production of cucumber cultivars 'Marketer IAC- 2 2 0 5 ' , 'Palomar IAC- 3 0 5 0 ' , 'Santee IAC- 2 4 4 1 ' , 'Verde Paulistano IAC-1336' and 'Aodai 1 - 4 3 2 1 ' were compared under two sowing dates, 5 t n of May and 5 t n of December of 1970 in Campinas, SP, Brazil, in a Yellow Red Latossol. Air temperature ranged from 1 2 , 0°C to 26, 8°C in the first period of culture, and from 18,5°C to 30,2°C in the second period. Adequate cultural practices were provided. When the first female flower appeared in the field, insecticides and fungicides applications were interrupted. For all cultivars, yields were higher and fruit quality was better in the first period of culture. Both in May and December cultures, plants have concentrated their highest yields between the third and the penultima te harvesting dates. 'Santee' presented low yields and the quality of its fruits was poor. 'Aodai' showed the best results as to fruit yield and fruit quality. Yields of the other cultivars were similar. 'Verde Paulistano' presented the latest fruit production. 'Marketer' showed a relatively uniform behaviour in both periods of culture. There were found positive correlations between yield in each harvesting date and total yield, total yield and marketable yield, number of fruits and fruits weight, plant height and yield, and number of lateral branches and yield. The relation between marketable and total yield, and fruit average weight, decreased at the end of the plants cycle.O desenvolvimento e a produção de frutos para consumo in natura dos cultivares de pepino 'Marketer IAC-2205', 'Palomar IAC-3050', 'Santee IAC-2441', 'Verde Paulistano IAC-1386' e 'Aodai 1-4321' foram estudados em duas épocas de semeadura, 5 de maio e 5 de dezembro, em Campinas, SP. Para todos os cultivares, as plantas semeadas em dezembro cresceram mais e desenvolveram-se com maior rapidez que as plantas semeadas em maio; entretanto, as produções das plantas semeadas em maio foram maiores e a qualidade de seus frutos foi superior. Tanto para as plantas semeadas em maio como para as semeadas em dezembro, 'Santee' apresentou produções baixas e frutos de má qualidade. 'Aodai' foi o cultivar mais produtivo e seus frutos foram os de melhor qualidade. As produções dos demais cultivares foram equivalentes. 'Verde Paulistano' apresentou a produção mais tardia. 0 comportamento de 'Marketer' foi pouco afetado pelas variações ambientais. As maiores produções de todos os cultivares, nas duas é poças, foram obtidas entre a terceira e a penúltima colheitas. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a produção de cada colheita e a produção total, entre a produção total e a produção comerciável, entre o número de frutos e seu peso, entre produção e a altura da planta e entre produção e número de ramos laterais da planta. A relação entre produções comerciável e total e o peso médio dos frutos diminuíram no final do ciclo das plantas

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Fatty Acid Profile And Cholesterol Content Of Mortadella Prepared With Vegetable Oils [perfil De ácidos Graxos E Teor De Colesterol De Mortadela Elaborada Com óleos Vegetais]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the fatty acid profile and the cholesterol content of mortadella prepared with different vegetable oils. Nine treatments were made with four different vegetable oils (canola, linseed, olive and soy) using two substitution levels (50% and 100%). The fatty acids and the cholesterol content were separated and identified by gas chromatography. There was a prevalence of the oleic, linoleic and palmitic fatty acids. The saturated fatty acids were lower in the products with vegetable oils. The PUFA/SFA relation was lower in the control treatment while the higher value was observed in the 100% linseed oil treatment. The cholesterol levels found were similar between all the treatments, but a reduction of these levels were observed in the treatments, being superior only in treatment containing 100% of soybean oil. 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