Bacterial community dynamics in horizontal flow constructed wetlands with different plants for high salinity industrial wastewater polishing

This study is focused on the diversity of bacterial communities from two series of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CW) polishing high salinity tannery wastewater. Each series was planted with Arundo donax or Sarcocornia sp. in a substrate composed by expanded clay and sand. Chemical and biochemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were similar in each series, varying between 58 and 67% (inlet COD 218 ± 28 mg L−1) and 60 and 77% (inlet BOD5 37 ± 6 mg L−1), respectively. High numbers of culturable bacteria were obtained from substrate and root samples – 5.75 × 106-3.95 × 108 CFU g−1 recovered on marine agar and 1.72 × 107-8.46 × 108 CFU g−1 on nutrient agar. Fifty bacterial isolates were retrieved from the CW, related phylogenetically to Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, α-, β-, and γ-Proteobacteria. Changes in the bacterial communities, from roots and substrate of each series, related to the plant species, hydraulic loading rates and along CW operation were examined using denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The clustering analysis suggested that a diverse and distinct bacterial community inhabits each series, which was related to the type of plant present in each CW.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

HASTE INTRAMEDULAR DE POLIPROPILENO, COMBINADA OU NÃO A BIOMATERIAIS, NO TRATAMENTO DE FRATURAS INDUZIDAS NO ÚMERO DE POMBOS

O trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização da haste intramedular de polipropileno, combinada ou não a biomateriais de origem bovina, no tratamento de fraturas transversas induzidas no terço médio do úmero direito de pombos-domésticos. No grupo I (n=7), a fratura foi estabilizada por meio de haste intramedular de polipropileno aplicada em ambos os fragmentos da fratura, sem ultrapassar as articulações. No grupo II (n=7) utilizou-se a mesma fixação, porém foi aplicado junto ao foco de fratura uma mistura de biomateriais, constituída de proteínas morfogenéticas do osso e aglutinante de colágeno liofilizado. Em ambos os grupos, a asa foi imobilizada junto ao corpo com bandagem em forma de 8 por um período de 30 dias. Com seis semanas de pós-operatório, cinco fraturas do grupo I e quatro do grupo II estavam totalmente consolidadas. Foram observadas uma não consolidação hipertrófica (grupo I) e duas não consolidações com deslocamento do eixo ósseo (grupo II). Exceto as três aves que apresentaram complicações nas fraturas, as demais recuperaram a capacidade de vôo. Foi possível concluir que a haste intramedular de polipropileno foi um método de imobilização de eficácia limitada e os biomateriais utilizados não estimularam a consolidação das fraturas. Use of polypropylene intramedullary rod alone or combined with biomaterials for treatment of induced humeral transverse fractures in pigeons Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate a polypropylene intramedullary rod alone or combined with biomaterials from bovine origin for the treatment of transverse fractures induced in the midshaft of right humerus in pigeons. In group I (n=7) the fracture was immobilized using a polypropylene intramedullary rod inserted into both fractured extremities without entering the joints. The same device was used in group II (n=7). Additionally, the fractured site in group II animals received a mixture of biomaterials composed by bone morphogenetic proteins and lyophilized collagen. In both groups a cast was applied to the affected wing, which was immobilized with a figure-of-8 bandage applied to the body and wing during 30 days. Complete healing was observed after six weeks of surgery in five and four animals from groups I and II, respectively. Observed complications included one hypertrophic nonunion (group I) and two nonunion with bone shaft dislocation (group II). Except for the three pigeons that showed postoperative complications, the remaining animals recovered the ability of flight. It was possible to conclude that the polypropylene intramedullary rod is a limited method of immobilization and the biomaterials used in this study did not stimulate fracture healing

Orientational order in dipolar fluids consisting of nonspherical hard particles

We investigate fluids of dipolar hard particles by a certain variant of density-functional theory. The proper treatment of the long range of the dipolar interactions yields a contribution to the free energy which favors ferromagnetic order. This corrects previous theoretical analyses. We determine phase diagrams for dipolar ellipsoids and spherocylinders as a function of the aspect ratio of the particles and their dipole moment. In the nonpolar limit the results for the phase boundary between the isotropic and nematic phase agree well with simulation data. Adding a longitudinal dipole moment favors the nematic phase. For oblate or slightly elongated particles we find a ferromagnetic liquid phase, which has also been detected in computer simulations of fluids consisting of spherical dipolar particles. The detailed structure of the phase diagram and its evolution upon changing the aspect ratio are discussed in detail.Comment: 35 pages LaTeX with epsf style, 11 figures in eps format, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Phase Behavior of Bent-Core Molecules

Recently, a new class of smectic liquid crystal phases (SmCP phases) characterized by the spontaneous formation of macroscopic chiral domains from achiral bent-core molecules has been discovered. We have carried out Monte Carlo simulations of a minimal hard spherocylinder dimer model to investigate the role of excluded volume interations in determining the phase behavior of bent-core materials and to probe the molecular origins of polar and chiral symmetry breaking. We present the phase diagram as a function of pressure or density and dimer opening angle $\psi$. With decreasing $\psi$, a transition from a nonpolar to a polar smectic phase is observed near $\psi = 167^{\circ}$, and the nematic phase becomes thermodynamically unstable for $\psi < 135^{\circ}$. No chiral smectic or biaxial nematic phases were found.Comment: 4 pages Revtex, 3 eps figures (included

Genome And Secretome Analysis Of The Hemibiotrophic Fungal Pathogen, Moniliophthora Roreri, Which Causes Frosty Pod Rot Disease Of Cacao: Mechanisms Of The Biotrophic And Necrotrophic Phases

Background: The basidiomycete Moniliophthora roreri is the causal agent of Frosty pod rot (FPR) disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao), the source of chocolate, and FPR is one of the most destructive diseases of this important perennial crop in the Americas. This hemibiotroph infects only cacao pods and has an extended biotrophic phase lasting up to sixty days, culminating in plant necrosis and sporulation of the fungus without the formation of a basidiocarp.Results: We sequenced and assembled 52.3 Mb into 3,298 contigs that represent the M. roreri genome. Of the 17,920 predicted open reading frames (OFRs), 13,760 were validated by RNA-Seq. Using read count data from RNA sequencing of cacao pods at 30 and 60 days post infection, differential gene expression was estimated for the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases of this plant-pathogen interaction. The sequencing data were used to develop a genome based secretome for the infected pods. Of the 1,535 genes encoding putative secreted proteins, 1,355 were expressed in the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases. Analysis of the data revealed secretome gene expression that correlated with infection and intercellular growth in the biotrophic phase and invasive growth and plant cellular death in the necrotrophic phase.Conclusions: Genome sequencing and RNA-Seq was used to determine and validate the Moniliophthora roreri genome and secretome. High sequence identity between Moniliophthora roreri genes and Moniliophthora perniciosa genes supports the taxonomic relationship with Moniliophthora perniciosa and the relatedness of this fungus to other basidiomycetes. Analysis of RNA-Seq data from infected plant tissues revealed differentially expressed genes in the biotrophic and necrotrophic phases. The secreted protein genes that were upregulated in the biotrophic phase are primarily associated with breakdown of the intercellular matrix and modification of the fungal mycelia, possibly to mask the fungus from plant defenses. Based on the transcriptome data, the upregulated secreted proteins in the necrotrophic phase are hypothesized to be actively attacking the plant cell walls and plant cellular components resulting in necrosis. 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Mitotic index of epithelia cells in gills of Guppy (Poecilia vivipara) exposed to fractions of the leaf and bark of pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis)

Many wild plants of the Cerrado bioma are used as medicinal plants. The pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis) is representative of those equipped with molluscicidal action against schistosomiasis. This paper sets out to verify the toxic action of pequi fractions in other aquatic animals before they are used in rivers or lakes. Analysis were made of the alterations to the mitotic index of epithelia cells in the gills of guppy (Poecilia vivipara) exposed to ethyl-acetate fraction of leaf pequi and bark. Animals exposed to ethyl-acetate fraction (leaf), no significant change was observed in the mitotic index when compared with the control group, whereas in fish exposed to ethyl-acetate fraction (bark) we detected an increase in mitotic index of the epithelia cells in two regions of the branchial filaments. Thus, ethyl-acetate fractions (leaf) could be used against schistosomiasis, given their high efficacy and low action as piscicide.Várias plantas nativas do bioma Cerrado são utilizadas como plantas medicinais. Dentre elas, o pequi possuí ação moluscicida utilizada no combate a esquistossomose. Objetivamos neste trabalho a verificação da toxicidade de frações de pequi sobre outros organismos aquáticos, antes da utilização destas em mananciais. Para isso, analisamos alterações no índice mitótico das células epiteliais das brânquias de Guaru (Poecilia vivipara) expostas às frações da folha e da casca do caule de pequi extraídas com acetato de etila. Constatamos que nenhuma das frações se mostrou letal aos peixes. Os animais expostos à fração acetato de etila da folha não apresentaram modificações significativas no índice mitótico em relação ao grupo controle, mas os animais expostos à fração acetato de etila da casca do caule apresentaram aumento do índice mitótico das células epiteliais em duas regiões dos filamentos branquiais. Desta forma, a fração acetato de etila da folha poderia ser utilizada como moluscicida em mananciais, enquanto que a fração acetato de etila da casca do caule necessitaria passar por outros testes mais específicos.22122

Desenvolvimento de uma versão portuguesa do nutritional risk screening NRS 2002

O Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) é um instrumento que foi desenvolvido pela Danish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Trata-se de um sistema válido que permite detetar a presença do risco de desnutrição ou de desnutrição em indivíduos hospitalizados e que é aplicado pelos profissionais de saúde. Procedeu-se ao desenvolvimento de uma versão para a língua Portuguesa do NRS 2002 com equivalência linguística e cultural ao original, recorrendo à metodologia proposta pela Organização Mundial da Saúde "Processo de tradução e de adaptação de instrumentos". Realizou-se uma tradução avançada e a retrotradução, através das seguintes etapas: tradução (1.ª etapa), retrotradução efetuada por um ou mais especialistas (2.ª etapa), pré-teste (3.ª etapa) e preparação da versão final (4.ª etapa). Este artigo tem como objetivo divulgar este processo e também a versão Portuguesa do NRS 2002.The Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS 2002) is a tool that was developed by the Danish Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. It is a valid system that allows the detection of the risk of undernutrition or of undernutrition in hospitalized individuals and is applied by health professionals. A Portuguese language version of NRS 2002 was developed with linguistic and cultural equivalence to the original using the WHO proposed methodology "Process of translation and adaptation of instruments". Advanced translation and back-translation were carried out through the following steps: translation (1st stage), back-translation performed by one or more specialists (2nd stage), pre test (3rd stage) and preparation of the final version (4th stage). This article aims to describe this process and also the Portuguese version of NRS 2002