Is parenting style a predictor of suicide attempts in a representative sample of adolescents?

Background Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts are serious but not rare conditions in adolescents. However, there are several research and practical suicide-prevention initiatives that discuss the possibility of preventing serious self-harm. Profound knowledge about risk and protective factors is therefore necessary. The aim of this study is a) to clarify the role of parenting behavior and parenting styles in adolescents’ suicide attempts and b) to identify other statistically significant and clinically relevant risk and protective factors for suicide attempts in a representative sample of German adolescents. Methods In the years 2007/2008, a representative written survey of N = 44,610 students in the 9th grade of different school types in Germany was conducted. In this survey, the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts was investigated as well as potential predictors including parenting behavior. A three-step statistical analysis was carried out: I) As basic model, the association between parenting and suicide attempts was explored via binary logistic regression controlled for age and sex. II) The predictive values of 13 additional potential risk/protective factors were analyzed with single binary logistic regression analyses for each predictor alone. Non-significant predictors were excluded in Step III. III) In a multivariate binary logistic regression analysis, all significant predictor variables from Step II and the parenting styles were included after testing for multicollinearity. Results Three parental variables showed a relevant association with suicide attempts in adolescents – (all protective): mother’s warmth and father’s warmth in childhood and mother’s control in adolescence (Step I). In the full model (Step III), Authoritative parenting (protective: OR: .79) and Rejecting-Neglecting parenting (risk: OR: 1.63) were identified as significant predictors (p < .001) for suicidal attempts. Seven further variables were interpreted to be statistically significant and clinically relevant: ADHD, female sex, smoking, Binge Drinking, absenteeism/truancy, migration background, and parental separation events. Conclusions Parenting style does matter. While children of Authoritative parents profit, children of Rejecting-Neglecting parents are put at risk – as we were able to show for suicide attempts in adolescence. Some of the identified risk factors contribute new knowledge and potential areas of intervention for special groups such as migrants or children diagnosed with ADHD

Perceived Risk and Condom Use among Adolescents in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Latent Class Analysis

While studies have examined factors associated with condom use behaviors, few have assessed risk perception and condom use among SSA adolescents. This work sought to fill this gap. Data for this study are derived from the National Survey of Adolescents (2004-2005), a survey of 12-19 year olds in Burkina Faso, Ghana, Malawi, and Uganda. Latent class analysis was conducted. Two risk profiles emerged in the data. Percent of adolescents in the high perceived risk sub-groups ranged from 49.6% - 90.8% and moderate risk from 29.1-83.8%. Those in the high perceived risk class were 2.26 to 5.10 times more likely to report condom use. The findings provide additional information about the factors that influence condom use among adolescents in these four countries. Because an individual’s development is influenced by his/her settings and systems, expanded views of behavior must be included in prevention efforts.Keywords: Condom Use, Knowing Someone with HIV/AIDS, Perceived Risk, Health Belief, sub-Saharan AfricaAlors que des études ont étudié les facteurs associés aux comportements de l’utilisation du préservatif, il n’y en a que très peu qui ont évalué la perception du risque et l'utilisation du préservatif chez les adolescents d'Afrique subsaharienne. Ce travail a cherché à combler cette lacune. Les données pour cette étude sont tirées de l'Enquête nationale auprès des adolescents (2004-2005), une enquête auprès des adolescents âgés de 12 à 19 ans au Burkina Faso, au Ghana, au Malawi et en Ouganda. L’analyse de structure latente a été menée. Deux profils de risque sont apparus dans les données. Le pourcentage des adolescents dans les sous-groupes à risque élevé perçus variait de 49,6% - 90,8% et un risque modéré de 29,1 à 83,8%. Ceux de la classe de risque perçu élevé étaient 2.26 à 5.10 fois plus susceptibles de déclarer l'utilisation du préservatif. Les résultats fournissent des informations supplémentaires sur les facteurs qui influencent l'utilisation du préservatif chez les adolescents dans ces quatre pays. Parce que le développement d'un individu est influencé par ses paramètres et ses systèmes, il faut inclure des vues élargies de comportement dans les efforts de prévention. Mots-clés: utilisation du préservatif, connaissance d'une personne atteinte du VIH / sida, risque perçu, croyance à la santé, Afrique sub-saharienn

Adolescents in Wartime US Military Families: A Developmental Perspective on Challenges and Resources

Adolescents in wartime U.S. military families are a unique group of young people who are experiencing the usual milestones of adolescent development, including establishing their identities and becoming autonomous, while they face the challenges of military life such as multiple frequent moves, relocation and parent deployment to combat settings. This paper reviews research on adolescents in wartime U.S. military families, within the context of adolescent development, to identify their behavioral, emotional and academic risk status, and challenges and resources. Recommendations for future research and interventions to foster the healthy development of these adolescents are also provided

Patterns in first and daily cigarette initiation among youth and young adults from 2002 to 2015.

This study's objective was to describe long-term trends and patterns in first cigarette use (cigarette initiation) and daily cigarette use (daily initiation) among youth and young adults in the U.S. We used cross-sectional survey data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002-2015, to estimate annual incidence of first cigarette use (N = 270,556) and first daily cigarette use (N = 373,464) for each year by age groups, race/ethnicity and gender, examining trends over time and the average annual change in initiation for each group. Several clear patterns emerged: 1) cigarette initiation and daily initiation significantly decreased over time among those aged 12-14 and 15-17 and these trends were consistent among nearly all racial/ethnic and gender subgroups; 2) among 18-21 year olds, cigarette initiation sharply increased through 2009, surpassing rates among 15-17 year olds, and sharply declined through 2015 while remaining higher than rates among the younger group, and this trend was consistent for almost all racial/ethnic subgroups; 3) daily initiation for those aged 18-21 significantly declined, and this was significant among most subgroups 4) there was no change in cigarette initiation and daily initiation for 22-25 year olds overall and most subgroups; 5) there was a significant increase in cigarette initiation for 22-25 year old Hispanics males and daily initiation for 22-25 year old males. This study provides a comprehensive look at trends in cigarette and daily initiation among U.S. youth and young adults. Despite notable declines in smoking initiation among youth and young adult populations over the last two decades, targeted prevention and policy efforts are needed for subgroups at higher risk, including young adults and Hispanic males

Are we family? A scoping review of how military families are defined in mental health and substance use research

Introduction: While some families may experience poor mental health, substance use, and poor school performance due to service life, the usefulness and applicability of these research findings may be affected by how representative study participants are of the broader population. This article aims to examine how research on mental health and substance use defines a “military family” to understand if the current body of evidence reflects the increasing diversity of this population. Methods: A systematic search of academic articles was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsycINFO, Ebsco CINAHL and ProQuest PILOTS using database-specific subject headings and keyword searches for ‘military’, ‘family’, ‘mental health’ and ‘substance use’. Sociodemographic and military characteristics of study participants were extracted to identify who was and was not included. Results: The most commonly represented family structure was the traditional, heteronormative family comprised of a male service member married to a female civilian with whom they have children. Military couples without children, dual-serving couples, families of LGBTQ personnel, unmarried and new relationships, single parents, male spouses/partners, Veterans not seeking Veterans Affairs (VA) services, and families with additional challenges were regularly not reflected in the research due to implicit or explicit exclusion from studies. Discussion: Research on mental health and substance use among the family members of service personnel continues to reflect the traditional, heteronormative family. Future studies should consider more inclusive definitions of family and creative approaches to recruitment to ensure research in this area reflects the experiences, needs, and strengths of an increasingly diverse military community