Postconviction Remedies, Retroactivity, and Montgomery v. Louisiana’s Other New Rule

The U.S. Supreme Court has turned its attention back to the law of habeas corpus, with a string of new decisions that emphasize the limited scope of federal habeas relief. But focusing one’s sights on only those decisions would overlook what has transpired at the Supreme Court in recent years in state habeas cases coming directly to the Supreme Court from the state postconviction courts. Montgomery v. Louisiana, in particular, shifted the division of power between the Supreme Court and state postconviction courts for questions conventionally considered to be questions of state law. Montgomery, on the surface, is a decision about retroactivity and th

Supplemental Lysine in Feed and Water for Growing-Finishing Swine

At the 1966 South Dakota Swine Field Day information was reported (A.S. Series 6 6-22) on the effects of lysine in feed and water at comparable levels when the level of crude protein was slightly lower than normally recommended for the respective weight of the pigs. It was reported that pigs receiving lysine in the water gained slightly faster and considerably more efficiently than pigs that did not receive lysine or those fed lysine in the feed. In order to obtain more data on the effect of lysine in the feed or water for young pigs the experiment was repeated and is reported herein

The influence of nectar sugar production on insect visitors to flowers of Brassica rapa L.

Non-Peer ReviewedThe purpose of this study was to determine if differing amounts of floral nectar sugar could affect the insect pollination of Brassica rapa L., a self-incompatible species. This knowledge could be directly applicable to crop-breeding programs interested in maintaining or enhancing the attractiveness of flowers to nectar-foraging visitors (possible pollinators). Several lines of rapid-cycling B. rapa were assayed (microcapillary nectar collection plus refractometry) for floral nectar-sugar production, and seed increases were made from plants selected on that basis. Both high and low nectar-producing plants were crossed reciprocally (high by high and low by low) in attempts to establish progenies distinct from each other. It appeared that reliably high and low nectar-yielding lines could be established. Outdoor insect visitation trials using high, intermediate, and low nectar-yielding lines of rapid-cycling plants of B. rapa in small plots resulted in more insects (especially flies and bees) visiting the high nectar-producing line, which in turn produced more seeds per silique

Effectiveness of High Inclusion Liquid Feed for Finishing Steers

A finishing phase study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of replacing dry rolled corn with a high inclusion liquid feed for finishing steers. Treatments were based upon 3 supplements: 1) Control 3.3% inclusion meal-type supplement (CO); 2) Typical Liquid Supplement 4.5% inclusion liquid supplement (TLS); and 3) High Liquid Supplement 9.0% inclusion liquid supplement (HLS). Supplements displaced dry rolled corn in finishing diets. Five 5 pens of 7 or 8 yearling steers with an initial BW of 930 lb assigned to each treatment for the 119 d experiment. The assayed supplement inclusion averaged 3.35%, 4.48% and 8.97% for the CO, TLS and HLS treatments, respectively. In general, interim performance periods resulted in similar DMI across diets and the HLS diet generally improved ADG and F:G when compared to the CO diet. On a shrunk live BW basis cumulative F:G was lower for HLS than CO and tended to be lower than when TLS diet was fed. The HLS also tended (P = 0.08) to increase ADG compared to the TLS. These responses suggest the caloric value of the HLS exceeded the caloric value of the DRC that it replaced. The liquid supplements had no adverse effects on Quality Grade and tended to improve Yield Grade compared to CO. The high inclusion liquid supplement used in this study was an effective substitute for dry rolled corn in a finishing diet

The malaria parasite cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase plays a central role in blood-stage schizogony

A role for the Plasmodium falciparum cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG) in gametogenesis in the malaria parasite was elucidated previously. In the present study we examined the role of PfPKG in the asexual blood-stage of the parasite life cycle, the stage that causes malaria pathology. A specific PKG inhibitor (compound 1, a trisubstituted pyrrole) prevented the progression of P. falciparum schizonts through to ring stages in erythrocyte invasion assays. Addition of compound 1 to ring-stage parasites allowed normal development up to 30 h postinvasion, and segmented schizonts were able to form. However, synchronized schizonts treated with compound 1 for ≥6 h became large and dysmorphic and were unable to rupture or liberate merozoites. To conclusively demonstrate that the effect of compound 1 on schizogony was due to its selective action on PfPKG, we utilized genetically manipulated P. falciparum parasites expressing a compound 1-insensitive PfPKG. The mutant parasites were able to complete schizogony in the presence of compound 1 but not in the presence of the broad-spectrum protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine. This shows that PfPKG is the primary target of compound 1 during schizogony and provides direct evidence of a role for PfPKG in this process. Discovery of essential roles for the P. falciparum PKG in both asexual and sexual development demonstrates that cGMP signaling is a key regulator of both of these crucial life cycle phases and defines this molecule as an exciting potential drug target for both therapeutic and transmission blocking action against malaria

Effects of instructional set variations on the Bichrome Test and comparison of the continuous and flash phoria techniques

Effects of instructional set variations on the Bichrome Test and comparison of the continuous and flash phoria technique

Polyandry in nature: a global analysis

A popular notion in sexual selection is that females are polyandrous and their offspring are commonly sired by more than a single male. We now have large-scale evidence from natural populations to be able to verify this assumption. Although we concur that polyandry is a generally common and ubiquitous phenomenon, we emphasise that it remains variable. In particular, the persistence of single paternity, both within and between populations, requires more careful consideration. We also explore an intriguing relation of polyandry with latitude. Several recent large-scale analyses of the relations between key population fitness variables, such as heterozygosity, effective population size (Ne), and inbreeding coefficients, make it possible to examine the global effects of polyandry on population fitness for the first time

Supplemental Lysine in Drinking Water of Growing-Finishing Swine Fed Rations of Two Different Protein Levels

Cereal grains do not contain an adequate amount of the amino acids (protein building blocks) to support optimum growth of growing-finishing pigs. The protein present in cereal grains is of relatively poor quality since it does not contain the proper balance of amino acids to support optimum growth of growing-finishing swine. The most limiting amino acid in cereal grains is lysine. Protein supplements such as soybean meal, contain larger amounts of the essential amino acids and thus are used to balance a cereal grain ration. Previous research at this station, however, has shown that a corn-soybean meal ration can often be improved with lysine supplementation to the drinking water of growing pigs. These trials were conducted to obtain further information on the effect of adding 4 gm of L-lysine monohydrochloride per gallon of drinking water to pigs fed com-soybean meal rations of two protein levels