Energy Resolution Performance of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The energy resolution performance of the CMS lead tungstate crystal electromagnetic calorimeter is presented. Measurements were made with an electron beam using a fully equipped supermodule of the calorimeter barrel. Results are given both for electrons incident on the centre of crystals and for electrons distributed uniformly over the calorimeter surface. The electron energy is reconstructed in matrices of 3 times 3 or 5 times 5 crystals centred on the crystal containing the maximum energy. Corrections for variations in the shower containment are applied in the case of uniform incidence. The resolution measured is consistent with the design goals

Diagnostic et suivi des anémies foetales par la mesure doppler des vélocimétries à l'artère cérébrale moyenne

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Shaping of looped miniaturized chalcogenide fiber sensing heads for mid-​infrared sensing

International audienceChalcogenide glass fibers are promising photonic tools to develop Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS) optical sensors working in the mid-​IR region. Numerous pioneering works have already been carried out showing their efficiency, esp. for bio-​medical applications. Nevertheless, this technol. remains confined to academic studies at the lab. scale because chalcogenide glass fibers are difficult to shape to produce reliable, sensitive and compact sensors. In this paper, a new method for designing and fabricating a compact and robust sensing head with a selenide glass fiber is described. Compact looped sensing heads with diam. equal to 2 mm were thus shaped. This represents an outstanding achievement considering the brittleness of such uncoated fibers. FEWS expts. were implemented using alc. solns. as target samples showing that the sensitivity is higher than with the routinely used classical fiber. It is also shown that the best compromise in term of sensitivity is to fabricate a sensing head including two full loops. From a mech. point of view, the breaking loads of the loop shaped head are also much higher than with classical fiber. Finally, this achievement paves the way for the use of mid-​IR technol. during in situ and even in vivo medical operations. Indeed, is is now possible to slide a chalcogenide glass fiber in the operating channel of a std. 2.8 mm diam. catheter

Mid-infrared spectroscopy of serum, a promising non-invasive method to assess prognosis in patients with ascites and cirrhosis.

Prognostic tests are critical in the management of patients with cirrhosis and ascites. Biological tests or scores perform poorly in that situation. Mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy (MIR-FEWS) which allows for global serum metabolic profiling may provide more relevant information by measuring a wider range of metabolic parameters in serum. Here we present the accuracy of a MIR-FEWS based predictive model for the prognosis of 6 months survival in patients with ascites and cirrhosis.Patients with ascites were prospectively included and followed up for 6 months. MIR-FEWS spectra were measured in serum samples. The most informative spectral variables obtained by MIR-FEWS were selected by FADA algorithm and then used to build the MIR model. Accuracy of this model was assessed by ROC curves and 90%/10% Monte Carlo cross-validation. MIR model accuracy for 6 months survival was compared to that of the Child-Pugh and MELD scores.119 patients were included. The mean age was 57.36±13.70, the MELD score was 16.32±6.26, and the Child-Pugh score was 9.5±1.83. During follow-up, 23 patients died (20%). The MIR model had an AUROC for 6 months mortality of 0.90 (CI95: 0.88-0.91), the MELD 0.77 (CI95: 0.66-0.89) and Child-Pugh 0.76 (CI95: 0.66-0.88). MELD and Child-Pugh AUROCs were significantly lower than that of the MIR model (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02 respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MELD (p<0.05, OR:0.86;CI95:0.76-0.97), Beta blockers (p = 0.036;OR:0.20;CI95:0.04-0.90), and the MIR model (p<0.001; OR:0.50; CI95:0.37-0.66), were significantly associated with 6 months mortality.In this pilot study MIR-FEWS more accurately assess the 6-month prognosis of patients with ascites and cirrhosis than the MELD or Child-Pugh scores. These promising results, if confirmed by a larger study, suggest that mid infrared spectroscopy could be helpful in the management of these patients

Selenide and telluride glasses for mid-​infrared bio-​sensing

International audienc

Fast and Non-Invasive Medical Diagnostic Using Mid Infrared Sensor: The AMNIFIR Project

International audienceAim Amnifir project, part of the ANR TECSAN program, intended to assess the capabilities of a new Mid InfraRed spectroscopy (MIR) device. It used a simple fiber optic sampling method: Fiber Evanescent Wave Spectroscopy (FEWS), which makes Point of Care applications possible and delivers a result within a few minutes. Material and method To investigate the technology application range, different biological media (tissues, fluids) as well as pathologies (chronic, cancerous) were considered during the project. We present work on one cancer diagnostic, measuring tissues (colorectal polyp examination), and one chronic disease diagnostic, using a fluid sample (Non-Alcoholic SteatoHepatitis (NASH) markers in serum). We used specific FEWS sensors for both cases, made of chalcogenide infrared glass fiber, as well as proper signal analysis algorithm that first selected spectra area of interest by genetic algorithm, then discriminated the healthy population from the sick one by linear discriminant analysis. Results Measurements using liquid samples provide very encouraging results for NASH identification. On other hand, fiber sensor proved more difficult to use on tissues, as the fiber mechanical resistance appeared too low to sustain a contact with the hardest polyps. Conclusions AMNIFIR project demonstrated capabilities of MIR FEWS for medical diagnostic using biological fluids, leading to recruitments of further cohorts of NASH and other hepatic disorders patients. Mechanical resistance of fiber needs to be improved for tissues diagnostic

Ruling out septic arthritis risk in a few minutes using mid-infrared spectroscopy in synovial fluids

International audienceObjectives: The aim of this study was to show the usefulness of a mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy point of care device in the identification of septic arthritis patients in a multicentre cohort, and to apply this technology to clinical practice among physicians.Methods: SF samples from 402 patients enrolled in a multicentre cohort were frozen for analysis by mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy. The calibration cohort was divided into two groups of patients (septic arthritis and non-septic arthritis) and relevant spectral variables were used for logistic regression model. Model performances were tested on an independent set of 86 freshly obtained SF samples from patients enrolled in a single-centre acute arthritis cohort and spectroscopic analyses performed at the patient’s bedside.Results:The model set-up, using frozen–thawed SFs, provided good performances, with area under the curve 0.95, sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.90, positive predictive value 0.41 and negative predictive value 0.99. Performances obtained in the validation cohort were area under the curve 0.90, sensitivity 0.92, specificity 0.81, positive predictive value 0.46 and negative predictive value 0.98. The septic arthritis probability has been translated into a risk score from 0 to 4 according to septic risk. For a risk score of 0, the probability of identifying a septic patient is very low (negative predictive value of 1), whereas a risk score of 4 indicates very high risk of septic arthritis (positive predictive value of 1).Conclusion:Mid-infrared fibre evanescent wave spectroscopy could distinguish septic from non-septic synovial arthritis fluids with good performances, and showed particular usefulness in ruling out septic arthritis. Our data supports the possibility of technology transfe

Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy as a New Tool for Ruling Out Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis: A Proof-of-Concept Study

International audienceBACKGROUND AND AIMS: A highly sensitive and specific point-of-care method for diagnosing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is currently lacking. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of a rapid, easy-to-use, mid-infrared fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy (MIR-FEWS) method for ruling out SBP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Cirrhotic patients (n = 256) at five centers in France were included for suspected SBP or for the scheduled evacuation of ascites fluid. The mid-infrared spectrum of 7 µL of an ascites fluid sample was recorded using a MIR-FEWS system. To define a model for the diagnosis of SBP, the patients were divided into a calibration group (n = 170) and a validation group (n = 86). RESULTS: Most of the patients were male (71%). The mean age was 60.25 years. Alcohol-related liver disease was the most common cause of cirrhosis. SBP was observed in 18% of the patients. For the diagnosis of SBP in the calibration and validation groups, respectively, the model gave areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.87 and 0.89, sensitivities of 90% and 87%, specificities of 78% and 80%, positive predictive values of 48% and 50%, negative predictive values of 97% and 96%, positive likelihood ratio of 4.09 and 4.35, negative likelihood ratio of 0.13 and 0.16, Youden index of 0.68 and 0.67, and correct classification rates of 80% and 81%. CONCLUSION: The results of this proof-of-concept study show that MIR-FEWS is a highly sensitive diagnostic method for ruling out SBP. The method warrants further investigation

Chalcogenide optical fibers for mid-​infrared sensing

International audienceChalcogenide glasses are a matchless material as far as mid-infrared (IR) applications are concerned. They transmit light typically from 2 to 12 μm and even as far as 20 μm depending on their composition, and numerous glass compositions can be designed for optical fibers. One of the most promising applications of these fibers consists in implementing fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy, which enables detection of the mid-IR signature of most biomolecules. The principles of fiber evanescent wave spectroscopy are recalled together with the benefit of using selenide glass to carry out this spectroscopy. Then, two large-scale studies in recent years in medicine and food safety are exposed. To conclude, the future strategy is presented. It focuses on the development of rare earth-doped fibers used as mid-IR sources on one hand and tellurium-based glasses to shift the limit of detection toward longer wavelength on the other hand