Building the Intimate Boundaries of the Nation:The Regulation of Mixed Intimacies in Colonial Libya and the Construction of Italian Whiteness (1911-1942)

The study of the regulation of "mixed" intimacies between Italian settlers and people that fell under Italian colonial rule can clarify processes of racialization of subaltern social groups while pointing at the construction of Italian whiteness in the colonial environment. However, research on mixed intimacies during Italian colonialism has focused solely on the Eastern African colonial contexts, namely, how such relationships unfolded and were regulated in Eritrea, Somalia and Ethiopia during Italian colonial rule. With this research, I aim to add to this research landscape the context of the Italian colonization of Libya (1911-1942), to assess whether Italian colonial administrators regulated intimacies between Italians and Libyans and to ascertain whether these regulations played a role in the racialization of Libya and the identification of Italians as white. In order to do so, I deployed a socio-legal and cultural analysis approach to the examination of official archival sources collected in the Italian state, Vatican, and Missionary congregations' archives. Through such an analysis, the regulations of mixed intimacies collected in the archives are juxtaposed with the social changes that influenced and were influenced by the policing of intimacy in the Libyan colonial context. The main finding of this research is that Italian colonial administrators regulated mixed intimacies throughout their colonial presence in Libya to establish the category of whiteness on the settler population while racializing Libyans as Others. In particular, this research found that the racialization of the colonial Other through the regulation of mixed intimacies was a significant factor that allowed a modern, white, European subjectivity to emerge and represent itself as a signifier of Italian identity in the empire. Regulating mixed intimacies coincided with keeping control of categorization processes that affected both colonizing and colonized societies, therefore representing an untapped resource in understanding the historical production of racial categories in the Italian colonial context

AGN and Megamasers

Luminous extragalactic masers are traditionally referred to as the `megamasers'. Those produced by water molecules are associated with accretion disks, radio jets, or outflows in the nuclear regions of active galactic nuclei (AGN). The majority of OH maser sources are instead driven by intense star formation in ultra-luminous infrared galaxies, although in a few cases the OH maser emission traces rotating (toroidal or disk) structures around the nuclear engines of AGN. Thus, detailed maser studies provide a fundamental contribution to our knowledge of the main nuclear components of AGN, constitute unique tools to measure geometric distances of host galaxies, and have a great impact on probing the, so far, paradigmatic Unified Model of AGN.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, invited review to appear in Proc. IAU 287 "Cosmic Masers: from OH to H_0", R.S. Booth, E.M.L. Humphreys and W.H.T. Vlemmings, ed

Wireless Communication Protocols for Distributed Computing Environments

The distributed computing is an approach relying on the presence of multiple devices that can interact among them in order to perform a pervasive and parallel computing. This chapter deals with the communication protocol aiming to be used in a distributed computing scenario; in particular the considered computing infrastructure is composed by elements (nodes) able to consider specific application requests for the implementation of a service in a distributed manner according to the pervasive grid computing principle (Priol & Vanneschi, 2008; Vanneschi & Veraldi, 2007). In the classical grid computing paradigm, the processing nodes are high performance computers or multicore workstations, usually organized in clusters and interconnected through broadband wired communication networks with small delay (e.g., fiber optic, DSL lines). The pervasive grid computing paradigm overcomes these limitations allowing the development of distributed applications that can perform parallel computations using heterogeneous devices interconnected by different types of communication technologies. In this way, we can resort to a computing environment composed by fixed ormobile devices (e.g., smartphones, PDAs, laptops) interconnected through broadband wireless or wired networks where the devices are able to take part to a grid computing process. Suitable techniques for the pervasive grid computing should be able to discover and organize heterogeneous resources, to allow scaling an application according to the computing power, and to guarantee specific QoS profiles (Darby III & Tzeng, 2010; Roy & Das, 2009). In particular, aim of this chapter is to present the most important challenges for the communication point of view when forming a distributed network for performing parallel and distributed computing. The focus will be mainly on the resource discovery and computation scheduling on wireless not infrastructured networks by considering their capabilities in terms of reliability and adaptation when facing with heterogeneous computing requests

Gli strumenti di autogoverno e di garanzia dell’indipendenza della magistratura inInghilterra e Gallesed il ruolo della Judicial Appointment Commission

This essay aims to investigate the system of governance of the judiciary in England and Wales, in particular with regard to the judicial selection process. Starting from a synthetic reconstruction of the main features of the English judicial system, in particular from the historical reconstruction of judicial independence and its peculiar form of implementation in the English system, the research focuses on the effects produced by the Constitutional Reform Act on the selection process of English judges. In particular, the essay focuses on the composition, functions and role of the Judicial Appointment Commission with respect to the protection of the independence of English judges

A Real-time Energy-Saving Mechanism in Internet of Vehicles Systems

Emerging technologies, such as self-driving cars and 5G communications, are raising new mobility and transportation possibilities in smart and sustainable cities, bringing to a new echo-system often referred to as Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In order to efficiently operate, an IoV system should take into account more stringent requirements with respect to traditional IoT systems, e.g., ultra-broadband connections, high-speed mobility, high-energy efficiency and requires efficient real-time algorithms. This paper proposes an energy and communication driven model for IoV scenarios, where roadside units (RSUs) need to be frequently assigned and re-assigned to the operating vehicles. The problem has been formulated as an Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP) for jointly solving the RSU-to-vehicle allocation problem while managing the RSUs switch-on and -off processes. Differently from traditional UFLP approaches, based on static solutions, we propose here a fast-heuristic approach, based on a dynamic multi-period time scale mapping: the proposed algorithm is able to efficiently manage in real-time the RSUs, selecting at each period those to be activated and those to be switched off. The resulting methodology is tested against a set of benchmark instances, which allows us to illustrate its potential. Results, in terms of overall cost –mapping both energy consumption and transmission delays–, number of active RSUs, and convergence speed, are compared with static approaches, showing the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic solution. It is noticeable a gain of up to 11% in terms of overall cost with respect to the static approaches, with a moderate additional delay for finding the solution, around 0.8 s, while the overall number of RSUs to be switched on is sensibly reduced up to a fraction of 15% of the overall number of deployed RSUs, in the most convenient scenario

The Costa Concordia last cruise: The first application of high frequency monitoring based on COSMO-SkyMed constellation for wreck removal

AbstractThe Italian vessel Costa Concordia wrecked on January 13th 2012 offshore the Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy), with the loss of 32 lives. Salvage operation of the vessel started immediately after the wreck. This operation was the largest and most expensive maritime salvage ever attempted on a wrecked ship and it ended in July 2014 when the Costa Concordia was removed from the Giglio Island, and dragged in the port of Genoa where it was dismantled. The refloating and removal phases of the Costa Concordia were monitored, in the period between 14th and 27th of July, exploiting SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images acquired by the X-band COSMO-SkyMed satellite constellation in crisis mode. The main targets of the monitoring system were: (i) the detection of possible spill of pollutant material from the vessel and (ii) to exclude that oil slicks, illegally produced by other vessels, could be improperly linked to the naval convoy during its transit along the route between the Giglio Island and the port of Genoa. Results point out that the adopted monitoring system, through the use of the COSMO-SkyMed constellation, can be profitably employed to monitor emergency phases related to single ship or naval convoy over wide areas and with a suitable temporal coverage. Furthermore, the refloating and removal phases of the Costa Concordia were a success because no pollution was produced during the operations

Water megamaser emission in hard X-ray selected AGN

Water megamaser emission at 22 GHz has proven to be a powerful tool for astrophysical studies of AGN allowing an accurate determination of the central black hole mass and of the accretion disc geometry and dynamics. However, after searches among thousands of galaxies, only ~ 200 of them have shown such spectroscopic features, most of them of uncertain classification. In addition, the physical and geometrical conditions under which maser activates are still unknown. In this work we aim at characterizing the occurrence of water maser emission in an unbiased sample of AGN, investigating the relation with the X-ray properties and the possible favorable geometry needed to detect water maser. We have searched for 22 GHz maser emission in a hard X-ray selected sample of AGN, taken from the INTEGRAL/IBIS survey above 20 keV. Of the 380 sources in the sample, only half have water maser data. We have also considered a sub-sample of 87 sources, volume limited, for which we obtained new Green Bank Telescope and Effelsberg observations (for 35 sources), detecting one new maser and increasing its radio coverage to 75%. The detection rate of water maser emission in the total sample is 15+/-3%, this fraction raises up to 19+/-5% for the complete sub-sample, especially if considering type 2 and Compton thick AGN. These results demonstrate that the hard X-ray selection may significantly enhance the maser detection efficiency over comparably large optical/infrared surveys. A possible decline of the detection fraction with increasing luminosity might suggest that an extreme luminous nuclear environment does not favour maser emission. The large fraction of CT AGN with water maser emission could be explained in terms of geometrical effects, being the maser medium the very edge-on portion of the obscuring medium.Comment: 21 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A June 202

A Real-Time Energy-Saving Mechanism in Internet of Vehicles Systems

[EN] Emerging technologies, such as self-driving cars and 5G communications, are raising new mobility and transportation possibilities in smart and sustainable cities, bringing to a new echo-system often referred to as Internet of Vehicles (IoV). In order to efficiently operate, an IoV system should take into account more stringent requirements with respect to traditional IoT systems, e.g., ultra-broadband connections, high-speed mobility, high-energy efficiency and requires efficient real-time algorithms. This paper proposes an energy and communication driven model for IoV scenarios, where roadside units (RSUs) need to be frequently assigned and re-assigned to the operating vehicles. The problem has been formulated as an Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP) for jointly solving the RSU-to-vehicle allocation problem while managing the RSUs switch-on and -off processes. Differently from traditional UFLP approaches, based on static solutions, we propose here a fast-heuristic approach, based on a dynamic multi-period time scale mapping: the proposed algorithm is able to efficiently manage in real-time the RSUs, selecting at each period those to be activated and those to be switched off. The resulting methodology is tested against a set of benchmark instances, which allows us to illustrate its potential. Results, in terms of overall cost-mapping both energy consumption and transmission delays-, number of active RSUs, and convergence speed, are compared with static approaches, showing the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic solution. It is noticeable a gain of up to 11% in terms of overall cost with respect to the static approaches, with a moderate additional delay for finding the solution, around 0.8 s, while the overall number of RSUs to be switched on is sensibly reduced up to a fraction of 15% of the overall number of deployed RSUs, in the most convenient scenario.The work of Luca Cesarano and Andrea Croce has been done during an abroad study period at Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Spain, supported by Erasmus+ Study Programme of the European Union.Cesarano, L.; Croce, A.; Martins, LDC.; Tarchi, D.; Juan-Pérez, ÁA. (2021). A Real-Time Energy-Saving Mechanism in Internet of Vehicles Systems. IEEE Access. 9:157842-157858. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3130125157842157858