An integrative perspective of social exchange theory and transaction cost theory on the antecedents of trust and trust-performance relationship in international joint ventures : evidence from Nordic multinational firms

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Requirements for the success of tourism marketing as a mechanism to enhance the competitiveness of the tourism sector in Algeria

يعتبر قطاع السياحة من القطاعات المهمة التي لها أثر مباشر في زيادة الدخل القومي. وقد أصبح قطاع السياحة محل اهتمام العديد من الدول في تنويع مصادر دخلها، معتمدة في ذلك على مجموعة من الآليات منها ما يعرف بالتسويق السياحي. هذا المفهوم الذي من شأنه توفير تجارب سياحية راقية في ظل الجهود التي يعتمد عليها في صياغة البرامج والسياسات التسويقية وترويج مختلف الخدمات السياحية. ونسعى من خلال هذه الدراسة إلى إبراز أهمية التسويق السياحي وأهم متطلبات نجاحه للنهوض بالقطاع السياحي في الجزائر على ضوء المخططات المتعلقة بالتهيئة السياحية. The tourism sector is an important sector that has a direct impact on increasing national income. The tourism sector has become the focus of many countries in diversifying their sources of income, relying on a variety of mechanisms including what is known as tourism marketing. This concept would provide upscale tourist experiences In the context of the efforts to be relied upon in the formulation of marketing programs and policies and the promotion of various tourism services. Through this study we seek to highlight the importance of tourism marketing and the most important requirements for its success to promote the tourism sector in Algeria in the light of the plans related to touris

High temperature behaviour of polypropylene fibres reinforced mortars

International audienceThe aim of this paper is primarily experimental and is intended to analyse the behaviour of two cementitious materials, before and after heat treatment: one unreinforced (i.e. without fibres) and the other reinforced (with polypropylene fibres).At room temperature and after heating up to 500 °C, the bending strength is improved by the presences of fibres. The residual young modulus is slightly higher for the fibres reinforced samples.As the temperature increases, the strength gain due to fibres inclusion is reduced. Beyond 500 °C, the bending strength is lower for the fibre reinforced cementitious material compared to those without fibres. Fracture energy is also improved for the fibre mortars at room temperature. At 400 °C this improvement decreases gradually with the introduction of polypropylene fibres. Beyond this temperature and due to the introduction of polypropylene fibres, the fracture energy is reduced.Another test is developed: rapid heating due to exposure to a flame. The temperature in the front side reaches in few seconds 1000 °C. At this temperature and after one hour of exposure, the opposite side reached 140 °C. After cooling, the punching shear strength of the fibre mortar is definitely weaker than of the mortar without fibre

Design and verification of SystemC transaction-level models

Transaction-level modeling allows exploring several SoC design architectures, leading to better performance and easier verification of the final product. In this paper, we present an approach to design and verify SystemC models at the transaction level. We integrate the verification as part of the design flow where we first model both the design and the properties (written in Property Specification language) in Unifed Modeling Language (UML); then, we translate them into an intermediate format modeled with AsmL [language based on Abstract State Machines (ASM)]. The AsmL model is used to generate a finite state machine of the design, including the properties. Checking the correctness of the properties is performed on the fly while generating the state machine. Finally, we translate the verified design to SystemC and map the properties to a set of assertions (as monitors in C#) that can be reused to validate the design at lower levels by simulation. For existing SystemC designs, we propose to translate the code back to AsmL in order to apply the same verification approach. At the SystemC level, we also present a genetic algorithm to enhance the assertions coverage. We will ensure the soundness of our approach by proving the correctness of the SystemC-to-AsmL and AsmL-to-SystemC transformations. We illustrate our approach on two case studies including the PCI bus standard and a master/slave generic architecture from the SystemC library

On the Transformation of SystemC to AsmL Using Abstract Interpretation

SystemC is among a group of system level design languages proposed to raise the abstraction level for embedded system design and verification. A straight and sound verification by model checking or theorem proving of SystemC designs is, however, infeasible given the object-oriented nature of this library and the complexity of its simulation environment. We illustrated, in a previous work, the feasibility and success of performing model checking and assertions monitors generation of SystemC using a variant of Abstract State Machines (ASM) languages (AsmL). In this paper, we establish the soundness of our approach by proving the correctness of the transformation from SystemC to AsmL

Mathematical Learning Approach for Special Education Pupils: The Effectiveness of Mauselis Board in Improving Adding Skills

Mathematic learning difficulties are common, significant, and worthy of serious attention. Many issues that have had an impact on bilingual education have also had an impact on Special Education.  One of the issues is, adding skill. Adding skill is one of the most crucial skills that every pupil needs to acquire with learning disabilities. The use of ‘MauSeLis Board’ (Maujud-Sebut-Tulis) which means ‘Concrete-Pronounce-Write’ in the classroom has been an effective tool for helping Special Education pupils in building up their skills in adding and reading the numbers aloud. This study investigates the improvement of the pupils with learning disabilities’ adding skill in Mathematic subject at school. The study's sole objective was (i) to identify the Mauselis board's effectiveness in Mathematical subjects among Special Education pupils. The MauSeLis board was invented for teaching and learning purposes based on the Bruner Theory and CRA Model (Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract). The data collection was conducted through pre-test and post-test conducted on 20 pupils with learning disabilities as respondents in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The study found significant differences in terms of their adding-questions scores before and after using MauSelis Board in teaching and learning sessions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage to describe the Pre and Post Test results. The research study's finding showed a positive result as the Special Education pupils who involved in the study showed consistent improvement throughout the sessions. This study also found that MauSeLis Board in teaching and learning sessions is a highly effective approach that develops a deep and better understanding of mathematic skill among the Special Education pupils as well as contributing to active, fun, and meaningful learning session. In conclusion, this study summarises that the teaching and learning approach among special needs pupils should emphasize effective hands-on activities rather than rote learning

Mathematical Learning Approach for Special Education Pupils: The Effectiveness of Mauselis Board in Improving Adding Skills

Mathematic learning difficulties are common, significant, and worthy of serious attention. Many issues that have had an impact on bilingual education have also had an impact on Special Education.  One of the issues is, adding skill. Adding skill is one of the most crucial skills that every pupil needs to acquire with learning disabilities. The use of ‘MauSeLis Board’ (Maujud-Sebut-Tulis) which means ‘Concrete-Pronounce-Write’ in the classroom has been an effective tool for helping Special Education pupils in building up their skills in adding and reading the numbers aloud. This study investigates the improvement of the pupils with learning disabilities’ adding skill in Mathematic subject at school. The study's sole objective was (i) to identify the Mauselis board's effectiveness in Mathematical subjects among Special Education pupils. The MauSeLis board was invented for teaching and learning purposes based on the Bruner Theory and CRA Model (Concrete-Pictorial-Abstract). The data collection was conducted through pre-test and post-test conducted on 20 pupils with learning disabilities as respondents in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. The study found significant differences in terms of their adding-questions scores before and after using MauSelis Board in teaching and learning sessions. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage to describe the Pre and Post Test results. The research study's finding showed a positive result as the Special Education pupils who involved in the study showed consistent improvement throughout the sessions. This study also found that MauSeLis Board in teaching and learning sessions is a highly effective approach that develops a deep and better understanding of mathematic skill among the Special Education pupils as well as contributing to active, fun, and meaningful learning session. In conclusion, this study summarises that the teaching and learning approach among special needs pupils should emphasize effective hands-on activities rather than rote learning

Artistic feasibility research on a standalone hybrid solar/wind system based on IncCond algorithm under variable load demands-a case study: South Algeria

The aim of this research study is to describe the hybrid renewable energy resources, the photovoltaic and the wind turbine are utilized to produce AC power for a Sahara Hassi R'Mel region in south of Algeria is optimally designed. Hybrid power generation systems are an operative solution for the variable generated power of renewable energy sources. In the new design, the ability circuit and the surveillance regulation of the presented grid-connected hybrid power system simulation is examined via MATLAB/Simulink. To detect the feasibility of the controlled system, this system is studied under various solar radiation and wind speed profiles. On the basis of the results, good tracking with a high accuracy rate is obtained after using filtering component by enhancing the different topology configurations in the expression of comparison voltage (V), and power (W). Overtime, the overall system efficiency is enhanced compared to the MPPT control system. The obtained simulation results for the incremental conductance PV/Wind MPPT controller have accomplished high effective system achievements. IncCond method is appropriate for working in vastly variable weather conditions with easy design, high tracking velocity, and minimum step count