Evolution of the Grasses x)

Because the flowers of grassos are so reduced, botanists in past have relied mostly on vegetative characters, such as the spikelets and their disposition in the inflorescence,to classify the family.Hackel,in his treatment of the Gramineae in Die Naturlichen pflanzen familien (late 1800'S proposed 12 tribes based on these characteristies and regarded the tribe

Evolution of the Grasses X)

Because the flowers of grassos are so reduced, botanists in past have relied mostly on vegetative characters, such as the spikelets and their disposition in the inflorescence,to classify the family.Hackel,in his treatment of the Gramineae in Die Naturlichen pflanzen familien (late 1800\u27S proposed 12 tribes based on these characteristies and regarded the tribe

Intake, digestibility, and growth by steers compared under continuous and frontal grazing

Last updated: 10/22/201

Structure of 55Sc and development of the N=34 subshell closure

The low-lying structure of $^{55}$Sc has been investigated using in-beam $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy with the $^{9}$Be($^{56}$Ti,$^{55}$Sc+$\gamma$)$X$ one-proton removal and $^{9}$Be($^{55}$Sc,$^{55}$Sc+$\gamma$)$X$ inelastic-scattering reactions at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. Transitions with energies of 572(4), 695(5), 1539(10), 1730(20), 1854(27), 2091(19), 2452(26), and 3241(39) keV are reported, and a level scheme has been constructed using $\gamma\gamma$ coincidence relationships and $\gamma$-ray relative intensities. The results are compared to large-scale shell-model calculations in the $sd$-$pf$ model space, which account for positive-parity states from proton-hole cross-shell excitations, and to it ab initio shell-model calculations from the in-medium similarity renormalization group that includes three-nucleon forces explicitly. The results of proton-removal reaction theory with the eikonal model approach were adopted to aid identification of positive-parity states in the level scheme; experimental counterparts of theoretical $1/2^{+}_{1}$ and $3/2^{+}_{1}$ states are suggested from measured decay patterns. The energy of the first $3/2^{-}$ state, which is sensitive to the neutron shell gap at the Fermi surface, was determined. The result indicates a rapid weakening of the $N=34$ subshell closure in $pf$-shell nuclei at $Z>20$, even when only a single proton occupies the $\pi f_{7/2}$ orbital

Monopole-driven shell evolution below the doubly magic nucleus Sn 132 explored with the long-lived isomer in Pd 126

A new isomer with a half-life of 23.0(8) ms has been identified at 2406 keV in Pd126 and is proposed to have a spin and parity of 10+ with a maximally aligned configuration comprising two neutron holes in the 1h11/2 orbit. In addition to an internal-decay branch through a hindered electric octupole transition, β decay from the long-lived isomer was observed to populate excited states at high spins in Ag126. The smaller energy difference between the 10+ and 7- isomers in Pd126 than in the heavier N=80 isotones can be interpreted as being ascribed to the monopole shift of the 1h11/2 neutron orbit. The effects of the monopole interaction on the evolution of single-neutron energies below Sn132 are discussed in terms of the central and tensor forces

Bayesian and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods for identifying nonlinear systems in the presence of uncertainty

In this paper, the authors outline the general principles behind an approach to Bayesian system identification and highlight the benefits of adopting a Bayesian framework when attempting to identify models of nonlinear dynamical systems in the presence of uncertainty. It is then described how, through a summary of some key algorithms, many of the potential difficulties associated with a Bayesian approach can be overcome through the use of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The paper concludes with a case study, where an MCMC algorithm is used to facilitate the Bayesian system identification of a nonlinear dynamical system from experimentally observed acceleration time histories