Keragaman Rumah Tradisional Makassar Di Kabupaten Gowa Dan Kabupaten Takalar Sulawesi Selatan = The Diversity of Makassar Traditional Houses at Gowa and Takalar Regency - South Sulawesi

The Makassar people make up the second largest ethnic group in South Sulawesi. The society holds to the norms of a traditional lifestyle, as evidence by its cultural and social systems. However, one aspect of this society\u27s physical culture (the traditional Makassar house concept) is disappearing. This is due to a lack of understanding about the concepts of these traditional houses. This study examines: a) The diversity of the Makassar traditional houses, and b) The extent to which the sociocultural condition and environmental factors influence the form of these houses. To address these issues, the research applied the rational-qualitative approach. A total of 55 cases in 3 locations were selected purposively for the study. The data gathered were processed inductively, and then discussed in terms of similarities and differences between the three locations. The research findings indicate the diversity of Makassar traditional houses which can be divided into two categories: First, the similarities in the house concept, house form and the function of each room (paddaserang). Second, the differences in the function of top floor (pamnzakkang) and the space underneath (siring), the setting of the jambang and the house terrace (paladang/dego-dego), the direction of the ladder, the kind of timba sila, the house facade, house orientation and building material used of the houses. Socio-cultural factors influence the concept of the house, the construction process, the house form, the similarity in the function of each room (paddaserang), the kind of timba sila, the direction of the ladder, the facade and house orientation. Natural environmental factors influence the roof form, the function of the space underneath (siring), the function of top floor (pammakkang), and the building material used. Key words: The diversity of housesThe traditional housesThe socio-cultural characteristics

A subtraction scheme for NNLO computations

We use the known soft and collinear limits of tree- and one-loop scattering amplitudes -- computed over a decade ago -- to explicitly construct a subtraction scheme for next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) computations. Our approach combines partitioning of the final-state phase space together with the technique of sector decomposition, following recent suggestions in Ref. [1]. We apply this scheme to a toy example: the NNLO QED corrections to the decay of the Z boson to a pair of massless leptons. We argue that the main features of this subtraction scheme remain valid for computations of processes of arbitrary complexity with NNLO accuracy.Comment: 13 page

The STRING database in 2023: protein-protein association networks and functional enrichment analyses for any sequenced genome of interest

Much of the complexity within cells arises from functional and regulatory interactions among proteins. The core of these interactions is increasingly known, but novel interactions continue to be discovered, and the information remains scattered across different database resources, experimental modalities and levels of mechanistic detail. The STRING database (https://string-db.org/) systematically collects and integrates protein-protein interactions-both physical interactions as well as functional associations. The data originate from a number of sources: automated text mining of the scientific literature, computational interaction predictions from co-expression, conserved genomic context, databases of interaction experiments and known complexes/pathways from curated sources. All of these interactions are critically assessed, scored, and subsequently automatically transferred to less well-studied organisms using hierarchical orthology information. The data can be accessed via the website, but also programmatically and via bulk downloads. The most recent developments in STRING (version 12.0) are: (i) it is now possible to create, browse and analyze a full interaction network for any novel genome of interest, by submitting its complement of encoded proteins, (ii) the co-expression channel now uses variational auto-encoders to predict interactions, and it covers two new sources, single-cell RNA-seq and experimental proteomics data and (iii) the confidence in each experimentally derived interaction is now estimated based on the detection method used, and communicated to the user in the web-interface. Furthermore, STRING continues to enhance its facilities for functional enrichment analysis, which are now fully available also for user-submitted genomes

The NNLO gluon fusion Higgs production cross-section with many heavy quarks

We consider extensions of the Standard Model with a number of additional heavy quarks which couple to the Higgs boson via top-like Yukawa interactions. We construct an effective theory valid for a Higgs boson mass which is lighter than twice the lightest heavy quark mass and compute the corresponding Wilson coefficient through NNLO. We present numerical results for the gluon fusion cross-section at the Tevatron for an extension of the Standard Model with a fourth generation of heavy quarks. The gluon fusion cross-section is enhanced by a factor of roughly 9 with respect to the Standard Model value. Tevatron experimental data can place stringent exclusion limits for the Higgs mass in this model.Comment: 14 pages, 1 tabl

Multi-ancestry genome-wide association analyses improve resolution of genes and pathways influencing lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease risk

Lung-function impairment underlies chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and predicts mortality. In the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of lung function to date, comprising 580,869 participants, we identified 1,020 independent association signals implicating 559 genes supported by ≥2 criteria from a systematic variant-to-gene mapping framework. These genes were enriched in 29 pathways. Individual variants showed heterogeneity across ancestries, age and smoking groups, and collectively as a genetic risk score showed strong association with COPD across ancestry groups. We undertook phenome-wide association studies for selected associated variants as well as trait and pathway-specific genetic risk scores to infer possible consequences of intervening in pathways underlying lung function. We highlight new putative causal variants, genes, proteins and pathways, including those targeted by existing drugs. These findings bring us closer to understanding the mechanisms underlying lung function and COPD, and should inform functional genomics experiments and potentially future COPD therapies