Bias reduction in traceroute sampling: towards a more accurate map of the Internet

Traceroute sampling is an important technique in exploring the internet router graph and the autonomous system graph. Although it is one of the primary techniques used in calculating statistics about the internet, it can introduce bias that corrupts these estimates. This paper reports on a theoretical and experimental investigation of a new technique to reduce the bias of traceroute sampling when estimating the degree distribution. We develop a new estimator for the degree of a node in a traceroute-sampled graph; validate the estimator theoretically in Erdos-Renyi graphs and, through computer experiments, for a wider range of graphs; and apply it to produce a new picture of the degree distribution of the autonomous system graph.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure

Eine Predigt, Marti. Luther, das man Kinder zur Schulen halten solle

http://www.ester.ee/record=b4119806~S1*es

New Insights into Formation of Trivalent Actinides Complexes with DTPA

Complexation of trivalent actinides with DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) was studied as a function of pcH and temperature in (Na,H)Cl medium of 0.1 M ionic strength. Formation constants of both complexes AnHDTPA- and AnDTPA2- (where An stands for Am, Cm, and Cf) were determined by TRLFS, CE-ICP-MS, spectrophotometry, and solvent extraction. The values of formation constants obtained from the different techniques are coherent and consistent with reinterpreted literature data, showing a higher stability of Cf complexes than Am and Cm complexes. The effect of temperature indicates that formation constants of protonated and nonprotonated complexes are exothermic with a high positive entropic contribution. DFT calculations were also performed on the An/DTPA system. Geometry optimizations were conducted on AnDTPA2- and AnHDTPA- considering all possible protonation sites. For both complexes, one and two water molecules in the first coordination sphere of curium were also considered. DFT calculations indicate that the lowest energy structures correspond to protonation on oxygen that is not involved in An-DTPA bonds and that the structures with two water molecules are not stable

Improving results of autologous stem cell transplantation for Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a report from the Acute Leukaemia Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Contains fulltext : 138260.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)BACKGROUND: Outcome of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (Ph+ ALL) improved significantly with the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) has never been considered a standard of care in this setting. The aim of our study was to analyse if results of ASCT improved in the era of TKIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: One-hundred and seventy-seven adults with Ph+ ALL treated with ASCT in first complete remission were analysed for the impact of year of transplantation on outcome. Additional analysis was performed including 32 patients for whom detailed data on the use of TKIs and the status of minimal residual disease were collected. RESULTS: The probability of the overall survival (OS) at 3 years increased from 16% for transplants performed between 1996 and 2001 to 48% between 2002 and 2006 and 57% between 2007 and 2010 (P<.0001). Leukaemia-free survival (LFS) was 11%, 39% and 52%, respectively (P<.0001). Relapse incidence decreased from 70% to 45% and 45% (P=.01), respectively, while non-relapse mortality was 19%, 15% and 3% (P=.08). In a multivariate analysis, year of ASCT was the only independent factor influencing the risk of treatment failure (hazard ratio (HR)=0.37; P<.001). In a subgroup of 22 patients actually treated with TKIs and being in complete molecular remission at the time of ASCT, the LFS rate at 3 years was 65%. CONCLUSIONS: Results of ASCT for Ph+ ALL improved significantly over time. Prospective, innovative studies are needed to verify the role of ASCT in this patient setting

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Diare Pada Anak Balita di Wilayah Puskesmas Induk kelurahan Nusukan Kecamatan Banjarsari Surakarta 2008

Diare adalah suatu penyakit dengan tanda-tanda adanya perubahan bentuk dan konsentrasi tinja yang melembek sampai mencair dan bertambahnya frekuensi berak lebih dari 3 kali sehari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko kejadian diare seperti hubungan sumber sarana air bersih, penggunaan jamban keluarga, pengetahuan tentang diare, praktik pencegahan penyakit diare, serta kandungan bakteriologis pada air minum dengan kejadian diare. Populasi berjumlah 112 dengan sampel sebanyak 52 sampel. Metode penelitain adalah observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Variabel bebas adalah jenis sarana air bersih, penggunaan jamban keluarga, pengetahuan tentang diare, praktik pencegahan diare, dan kandungan bakteriologis pada air minum dan variabel terikat adalah kejadian diare pada anak balita. Untuk mengetahui hubungan variabel dilakukan uji statistic chi square (alfa)=0,05, diolah menggunakan SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dari 52 responden yang mengalami diare adalah 20 balita. Hasil uji statistic tidak ada hubungan antara penggunaan jamban keluarga dengan kejadian diare pada anak balita dengan probabilitas=0,312, tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu dengan kejadian diare pada anak balita dengan probabilitas=0,439, tidak ada hubungan antara praktik pencegahan diare dengan kejadian diare pada anak balita dengan probabilitas=0,592, ada hubungan antara kandungan bakteriologis pada air minum dengan kejadian diare pada anak balita dengan probabilitas=0,007. Oleh karena itu untuk ibu-ibu yang mempunyai balita agar selalu memperhatikan dan menerapkan perilaku hidup sehat (PHBS) dengan selalu mencuci tangan secara benar sebelum menyusui, menyuapi, memegang makanan, serta sesudah buang air besar serta kepada seluruh masyarakat Keluarahan Nusukan Kecamatan Banjarsari untuk selalu memperhatikan kesehatan lingkungan dan disarankan petugas kesehatan juga aktif mengadakan penyuluhan kesehatan. Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Praktik, Kualitas Bakteriologis air minum, Diar

Spectroscopie X de couches L et M de plasmas hors équilibre thermodynamique local de niobium, tantale et tungstène

Nous présentons les premiers résultats d'une expérience réalisée sur l'installation LULI2000 du Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses. Au cours de celle-ci, nous avons étudié l'émission X de plasmas de niobium, tantale et tungstène, dans des conditions hors équilibre thermodynamique local (de l'ordre de 1,5 keV en température, et 1020 cm−3 en densité électronique). Nous avons mesuré le spectre X émis dans la gamme 2,4-2,9 keV à l'aide d'un spectromètre à cristal tronconique. Nous avons également mis en place des diagnostics hydrodynamiques (diffusion Thomson et émission propre résolues en temps) afin de bien caractériser le plasma étudié. Une étude est en cours afin de comparer les mesures aux simulations. Nous comparons les mesures hydrodynamiques au code MULTI pour ajuster certains paramètres expérimentaux mal connus et déterminer l'évolution du plasma, puis utilisons ces résultats dans les calculs de spectres effectués à l'aide du code FLYCHK