Optical and Ionospheric Phenomena at EISCAT under continuous X-mode HF pumping

We present experimental results from multiinstrument observations in the high-latitude ionospheric F2 layer at the EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association) heating facility. The results come from a set of experiments, when an X-polarized HF pump wave at high heater frequencies (fH > 6.0 MHz) was injected into the F region of the ionosphere toward the magnetic zenith. Experiments were carried out under quiet magnetic conditions with an effective radiated power of 458–548 MW. HF pumping was produced at different heater frequencies, away from electron gyroharmonic frequencies, and different durations of heater pulses. We show the first experimental evidence of the excitation of artificial optical emissions at red (630 nm) and green (557.7 nm) lines in the high-latitude ionospheric F2 layer induced by an X-polarized HF pump wave. Intensities at red and green lines varied in the range 110–950 R and 50–350 R, respectively, with a ratio of green to red line of 0.35–0.5. The results of optical observations are compared with behaviors of the HF-enhanced ion and plasma lines from EISCAT UHF incoherent scatter radar data and small-scale field-aligned artificial irregularities from Cooperative UK Twin Located Auroral Sounding System observations. It was found that the X-mode radio-induced optical emissions coexisted with HF-enhanced ion and plasma lines and strong artificial field-aligned irregularities throughout the whole heater pulse. It is indicative that parametric decay or oscillating two-stream instabilities were not quenched by fully established small-scale field-aligned artificial irregularities excited by an X-mode HF pump wave

Phenomena induced by powerful HF pumping towards magnetic zenith with a frequency near the F-region critical frequency and the third electron gyro harmonic frequency

Multi-instrument observational data from an experiment on 13 October 2006 at the EISCAT/HEATING facility at Tromsø, Norway are analysed. The experiment was carried out in the evening hours when the electron density in the F-region dropped, and the HF pump frequency <I>f<sub>H</sub></I> was near and then above the critical frequency of the F2 layer. The distinctive feature of this experiment is that the pump frequency was just below the third electron gyro harmonic frequency, while both the HF pump beam and UHF radar beam were directed towards the magnetic zenith (MZ). The HF pump-induced phenomena were diagnosed with several instruments: the bi-static HF radio scatter on the London-Tromsø-St. Petersburg path, the CUTLASS radar in Hankasalmi (Finland), the European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) UHF radar at Tromsø and the Tromsø ionosonde (dynasonde). The results show thermal electron excitation of the HF-induced striations seen simultaneously from HF bi-static scatter and CUTLASS radar observations, accompanied by increases of electron temperature when the heater frequency was near and then above the critical frequency of the F2 layer by up to 0.4 MHz. An increase of the electron density up to 25% accompanied by strong HF-induced electron heating was observed, only when the heater frequency was near the critical frequency and just below the third electron gyro harmonic frequency. It is concluded that the combined effect of upper hybrid resonance and gyro resonance at the same altitude gives rise to strong electron heating, the excitation of striations, HF ray trapping and extension of HF waves to altitudes where they can excite Langmuir turbulence and fluxes of electrons accelerated to energies that produce ionization

FEATURES OF GENOTYPiNG VARIABILITY OF STRAINS OF BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS ALLOCATED FROM PATIENTS WITH WHOOPING COUGH IN RUSSIA

On the basis of studying of features of structure of 7 genes determining major factors of pathogenicity of the causative agent of whooping cough - ptxA, ptxB, ptxC, ptxD, ptxE, ptxP and prn, features of genotyping variability of strains of B.pertussis allocated from patients with whooping cough in Russia are shown. Dynamics of formation of population of strains of the causative agent of whooping cough is tracked and is established that population of strains of B.pertussis is formed by clonal expansion of strains with, new genetic structure of major factors of pathogenicity - pertussis toxin and. pertactin. The structure of population of strains of B.pertussis causing a disease by whooping cough, at the present stage of epidemic process of a pertussis infection - domination. of strains with new «non-vaccine» alleles genes - ptxA1 (97,7 %), ptxC2 (87,4 %), prn2 (89,5 %) and. ptxP3 (93,3 %), in 2,2 % cases with ptxB2 allele and. in 1,3 % cases with. prn9 allele circulate

MODERN STATUS OF VACCINE PROPHYLAXIS OF MUMPS

Abstract. Vaccination against mumps is conducted in Russian Federation since 1981. This made it possible to decrease mumps incidence more than 600 times in compare with pre-vaccination period. Moreover disease became milder and mortality was eliminated. Population of Russia is immunized by locally-produced mono- and bivalent vaccines on the base of L3 strain. Vaccination and revaccination against mumps is safe and highly effective

SPECIFIC TRAITS OF TICK-BORNE ENCEPHALITIS IN ZABAYKALSKY KRAI

We conducted regionalization of Zabaykalsky Krai by the quantity of epidemic manifestations of tick-borne viral encephalitis over a period of 10years. The most adverse territories in the context of tick-borne viral encephalitis were determined. Maximum duration of seasonal incidence rate was 112 days -from the end of April to the mid-August. The categories of population included in infection contamination risk group were revealed. The researches promote forehanded development of the complex of preventive measures aimed at the decrease of tick- borne viral encephalitis incidence rate in Zabaykalsky Krai

Nonlinear Coherence Effects in Transient-Absorption Ion Spectroscopy with Stochastic Extreme-Ultraviolet Free-Electron Laser Pulses

We demonstrate time-resolved nonlinear extreme-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy on multiply charged ions, here applied to the doubly charged neon ion, driven by a phase-locked sequence of two intense free-electron laser pulses. Absorption signatures of resonance lines due to 2$p$--3$d$ bound--bound transitions between the spin-orbit multiplets $^3$P$_{0,1,2}$ and $^3$D$_{1,2,3}$ of the transiently produced doubly charged Ne$^{2+}$ ion are revealed, with time-dependent spectral changes over a time-delay range of $(2.4\pm0.3)\,\text{fs}$. Furthermore, we observe 10-meV-scale spectral shifts of these resonances owing to the AC Stark effect. We use a time-dependent quantum model to explain the observations by an enhanced coupling of the ionic quantum states with the partially coherent free-electron-laser radiation when the phase-locked pump and probe pulses precisely overlap in time

The architecture of protein synthesis in the developing neocortex at near-atomic resolution reveals Ebp1-mediated neuronal proteostasis at the 60S tunnel exit

Protein synthesis must be finely tuned in the nervous system, as it represents an essential feature of neurodevelopmental gene expression, and dominant pathology in neurological disease. However, the architecture of ribosomal complexes in the developing mammalian brain has not been analyzed at high resolution. This study investigates the architecture of ribosomes ex vivo from the embryonic and perinatal mouse neocortex, revealing Ebp1 as a 60S peptide tunnel exit binding factor at near-atomic resolution by multiparticle cryo-electron microscopy. The impact of Ebp1 on the neuronal proteome was analyzed by pSILAC and BONCAT coupled mass spectrometry, implicating Ebp1 in neurite outgrowth proteostasis, with in vivo embryonic Ebp1 knockdown resulting in dysregulation of neurite outgrowth. Our findings reveal Ebp1 as a central component of neocortical protein synthesis, and the 60S peptide tunnel exit as a focal point of gene expression control in the molecular specification of neuronal morphology

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEAT-INSULATING MATERIALS OF HEAT NETWORKS

В работе проанализированы способы изоляции тепловых сетей. Таковыми являются ППУ и ППМ изоляции. Рассчитана стоимость каждого материала.The paper analyzes the methods of insulation of heating networks. These are PPU and PPM isolation. The cost of each material is calculated

ENHANCING THE INDICATORS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF GAS-GENERATING INSTALLATION

В работе рассмотрен образец газогенераторной установки, у которого в ходе испытаний были выявлены недостатки. После модернизации этой установки были проведены новые эксперименты, полученные результаты проанализированы, что позволило установить необходимые расходы воды и воздуха для оптимального процесса газогенерации с максимальной калорийностью газа и минимальным выходом смолы.The paper considers a sample of a gas-generating unit, in which shortcomings were identified during the tests. After the modernization of this installation, new experiments were carried out, the results obtained were analyzed, which made it possible to establish the necessary flow rates of water and air for an optimal gas generation process with a maximum gas calorific value and a minimum resin yield