Reasoning for obligatory preclinical diagnostics of feline chronic kidney disease

Diseases of the urinary system of various etiologies are common in all species of animals and over time, they can lead to the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as the progressive process in which renal function gradually decreases over several years. In modern veterinary medicine, there is a problem of a steeply increase in cases of chronic kidney disease in cats. Pathology occurs most often in aged animals, but recent studies have registered cases of chronic renal dysfunction in young ones as well. In chronic kidney disease the kidneys do not work well for a long time, causing a number of changes in the body. Unfortunately, early symptoms are often missed by pet owners and the disease is not noticed for a long time. In most cases, the diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is established only when effective treatment is no longer possible or ineffective and treatment is able to maintain the homeostasis of the body only to a certain extent and for a short time. Undoubtedly, this approach to the diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease requires changes. In view of the fact that the duration of the preclinical stage of CKD can reach several years, the goals of our study were to show the benefits of early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in cats and the introduction of a new concept of systematic body screening of clinically healthy animals and animals at risk. Also, the goals were to delay the moment of the kidneys compensatory reserve exhaustion and onset of clinical symptoms, which require constant symptomatic and replacement therapy. Reducing the percentage of early mortality of patients and the maximum possible increase in the duration of the preclinical stage of renal pathology were also aimed at. Efforts were also aimed at reducing the percentage of early mortality of patients and the maximum possible increase in the duration of the preclinical stage of renal pathology. Since nephroprotective therapy at the preclinical stage is highly effective in most clinical cases and allows to significantly slow down the progression of any chronic nephropathy, including CKD, there is a need for the formation of innovative diagnostic approaches at the early stages of the disease. It is proposed to conduct a cumulative assessment of the anamnesis in animals from risk groups, monitoring the level of creatinine in the blood serum, complete clinical analysis of urine, ultrasound examination of the kidneys, measurement of protein concentration, since these indicators have not only prognostic value and determine the tactics of treatment, but are also important factors pathogenesis of CKD. Since each parameter will not provide a complete state of the disease, since none of them is 100 % specific, an integrated approach to the early diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is needed for. It is necessary to take into account all the methods listed above, as well as monitoring the condition of the body of animals that have contracted any viral or bacterial infection, or have acute kidney damage, diabetes, hypertension, or metabolic disorders

Analysis of the dynamics of catalase and superoxide dismutas activity on the background of the modeled antiphospholipid syndrome and during different types of its correction

Встановлене ослаблення антиоксидантного захисту на тлі моделювання антифосфоліпідного синдрому. Застосування корекції 3-й групі здійснює позитивний вплив на стан антиоксидантного захисту та призводить до підвищення активності каталази та супероксиддисмутази. Застосування імуноглобуліну та варфарину в лікуванні щурів, при змодельованому антифосфоліпідному синдромі, впливає на відновлення антиоксидантного захисту, але менш виражено. Найбільший вплив на відновлення антиоксидантного захисту у щурів зі змодельованим антифосфоліпідним синдромом спостерігався в 5-й групі.It is established the antioxidant protection against simulation of antiphospholipid syndrome. The use of the correction of the 3rd group has a positive effect on the state of antioxidant protection and leads to increased activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase. The use of immunoglobulin and warfarin in the treatment of rats, in a simulated antiphospholipid syndrome, affects the restoration of antioxidant protection, but less pronounced. The greatest effect on the restoration of antioxidant protection in rats with simulated antiphospholipid syndrome was observed in group 5

Хромоколоноскопия как метод улучшения эндоскопического изображения

КОЛОНОСКОПИЯЭНДОСКОПИЯхромоскопияПОЛИПЫМЕТИЛЕНОВЫЙ СИНИ

Дослідження природних флокулянтів для використання у процесах очищення забарвлених стічних вод

Contaminated industrial wastewater significantly reduces the volume of drinking water. A wide range of composition and insufficient treatment of wastewater from enterprises such as the textile, chemical or metalworking industries, which often fall into water bodies, negatively affect the state of aquatic ecosystems, and that is why it is necessary to carefully select the optimal treatment method. Among the types of wastewater treatment, the coagulation-flocculation process has gained considerable popularity, which occurs due to the adhesive and adsorption properties of coagulants and flocculants, which is widely used in the purification technologies of both natural and industrial wastewater from colloidal particles, radionuclides, phosphates, dyes and suspended particles. Coagulants are able to hydrolyze in water with the formation of various coagulation structures with high adsorption and adhesion properties, flocculants, in turn, contribute to the formation of flakes, sedimentation and filtration, stabilize the cleaning process, improve quality and increase the efficiency of equipment. During the experimental work, the employees of the Department of Chemical Technology and Water Treatment established the advantages of using natural flocculants in the process of wastewater treatment using colored model solutions as an example. A study was made of the influence on the degree of purification of such characteristics as the type of flocculant (for example, chitosan and sodium alginate) and coagulant (Al2(SO4)3-18H2O, ALS, PIX-318), the optimal dose of reagents, the type of dye (direct, active, dispersed) , settling time and content of residual ions. During the research, the Jar-test method was used, the essence of which is to simulate the process of floc formation, which is typical for industrial wastewater treatment plants. The study of the composition of model water samples was carried out using the spectrophotometric analysis method.Забруднені стічні воли промислових підприємств значно скорочують об’єми питної води. Широкий діапазон складу і недостатнє очищення стічних вод таких підприємств як текстильної, хімічної або металургійної галузей, часто потрапляють у водойми та негативно впливають на стан водних екосистем, і саме тому викликає необхідність ретельного вибору оптимального методу очистки. Серед видів очищення стічних вод набув значної популярності коагуляційно-флокуляційний процес, який відбувається за рахунок адгезійних та адсорбційних властивостей коагулянтів та флокулянтів, що широко застосовується в технологіях очищення як природних, так і промислових стічних вод від колоїдних частинок, радіонуклідів, фосфатів, барвників та зважених частинок. Коагулянти здатні гідролізуватися у воді з утворенням різних коагуляційних структур, що володіють високими адсорбційними та адгезійними властивостями, флокулянти, у свою чергу, сприяють утворенню пластівців, відстоюванню та фільтруванню, стабілізують процес очищення, підвищують якість та збільшують ефективність роботи обладнання. Під час виконання експериментальної роботи співробітниками кафедри хімічних технологій та водоочищення були встановлені переваги використання природних флокулянтів у процесі очищення стічних вод на прикладі пофарбованих модельних розчинів. Проведено дослідження впливу на ступінь очищення таких характеристик як тип флокулянту (на прикладі хітозану та альгінат натрію) та коагулянту (Al2(SO4)3-18H2O, ALS, PIX-318), оптимальна доза реагентів, тип барвника (прямий, активний, дисперсний), час осадження та вміст залишкових іонів. При проведенні досліджень використовувався метод Джартесту, сутність якого полягає в імітації процесу утворення пластівців, характерному для промислових установок очищення стічної води. Дослідження складу модельних зразків води проводилося з використанням спектрофотометричного методу аналізу

Self-assembling of Gold Nanoparticles on Si-based Laser Nanotextured 1D Surface for Plasmonic Application

Excitation of surface plasmon resonances has been observed on laser-induced highly-regular 1D periodic Si surface covered with Au nanoparticles. The nanostructured surfaces open new perspectives for production of photonic and plasmonic sensor elements

Dynamics of markers of endothelial dysfunction in experimental antiphospholipid syndrome

Analysis of the entire set of currently available factors allows us to consider antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) as a unique model of autoimmune platelet vasculopathy, the study of which is essential for determining the relationship between such fundamental pathological processes as atherosclerosis, vasculitis, blood clotting disorders and the immune system. At the same time, the diagnosis and treatment of APS is based on serological tests, and little attention is paid to hemostatic markers and endothelial dysfunction in this pathology. The aim of the study was to study the dynamics of endothelial state indicators in animals with simulated antiphospholipid syndrome and the effectiveness of their correction by introducing warfarin, immunoglobulin and L-arginine. Research results. Disruption of the functional state of the endothelium in animals with simulated antiphospholipid syndrome was found. A pronounced increase in the von Willebrand factor level (p <0.001) in the blood of rats with experimental APS was proved. It was revealed that the development of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome leads to an increase in the level of homocysteine in the blood of rats (p <0.001). The most pronounced results of correction were found in the fifth group, the animals of which received complex therapy with warfarin, immunoglobulin and L-arginine

Observation of polar cap patches and calculation of gradient drift instability growth times : A Swarm case study

The Swarm mission represents a strong new tool to survey polar cap patches and plasma structuring inside the polar cap. In the early commissioning phase, the three Swarm satellites were operated in a pearls-on-a-string configuration making noon-midnight transpolar passes. This provides an unparalleled opportunity to examine the potential role of the gradient drift instability (GDI) process on polar cap patches by systematically calculating GDI growth times during their transit across the pole from day to night. Steep kilometer-scale gradients appeared in this study as initial structures that persisted during the approximate 90 min it took a patch to cross the polar cap. The GDI growth times were calculated for a selection of the steep density gradients on both the dayside and the nightside. The values ranged from 23 s to 147 s, which is consistent with recent rocket measurements in the cusp auroral region and provides a template for future studies. Growth times of the order of 1 min found both on the dayside and on the nightside support the existing view that the GDI may play a dominant role in the generation of radio wave scintillation irregularities as the patches transit the polar cap from day to night

Active elements on a basis of ZnO nanorods for energy harvesting devices

Полный текст доступен на сайте издания по подписке: http://radio.kpi.ua/article/view/S0021347016020023It is represented the research of piezoelectric properties of nanorods and their application in energy harvesting devices. According to the simulation results with method of finite elements the value of electromechanic coupling coefficient of monolayer from ZnO nanorods is greater than one in compare to uniform film application. The sample manufacturing method consists of application of traditional microelectronic technique for shaping of top and bottom electrodes and also application of two-steps low-temperature chemical synthesis for ZnO nanorods. To provide acoustic perturbation of the sample the piezoceramic element is used in multilayer structure fixed on the glassceramic substrate. The results are obtained for two measurement modes, providing oscillations perturbation by rectangular pulses source and by harmonic generator. Obtained results demonstrate high efficiency of piezoelectric transformation for monolayer, which consists of ZnO nanorods that is possible to be used in different self-powered devices.Представлено исследование пьезоэлектрических свойств наностержней ZnO и их применение в устройствах сбора энергии. Согласно результатам моделирования методом конечных элементов, значение коэффициента электромеханической связи монослоя, состоящего из наностержней ZnO, возрастает по сравнению с однородной пленкой. Изготовление образца предполагает применение традиционной микроэлектронной технологии для получения верхнего и нижнего электродов, а также двухстадийного низкотемпературного химического синтеза наностержней ZnO. Для возбуждения акустических колебаний в образце применена пьезокерамическая пластина в составе многослойной структуры, закрепленная на подложке ситалла. Результаты получены в двух режимах измерения, предполагающих возбуждение колебаний от источника прямоугольных импульсов и от генератора гармонических колебаний звуковой частоты. Полученные результаты демонстрируют высокую эффективность пьезоэлектрического преобразования для монослоя, состоящего из наностержней ZnO, что возможно использовать для создания различных устройств с автономным питанием

Intraoperative transfusion practices in Europe

BACKGROUND: Transfusion of allogeneic blood influences outcome after surgery. Despite widespread availability of transfusion guidelines, transfusion practices might vary among physicians, departments, hospitals and countries. Our aim was to determine the amount of packed red blood cells (pRBC) and blood products transfused intraoperatively, and to describe factors determining transfusion throughout Europe. METHODS: We did a prospective observational cohort study enrolling 5803 patients in 126 European centres that received at least one pRBC unit intraoperatively, during a continuous three month period in 2013. RESULTS: The overall intraoperative transfusion rate was 1.8%; 59% of transfusions were at least partially initiated as a result of a physiological transfusion trigger- mostly because of hypotension (55.4%) and/or tachycardia (30.7%). Haemoglobin (Hb)- based transfusion trigger alone initiated only 8.5% of transfusions. The Hb concentration [mean (sd)] just before transfusion was 8.1 (1.7) g dl(-1) and increased to 9.8 (1.8) g dl(-1) after transfusion. The mean number of intraoperatively transfused pRBC units was 2.5 (2.7) units (median 2). CONCLUSION: Although European Society of Anaesthesiology transfusion guidelines are moderately implemented in Europe with respect to Hb threshold for transfusion (7-9 g dl(-1)), there is still an urgent need for further educational efforts that focus on the number of pRBC units to be transfused at this threshold. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT 01604083