Roman Church Law and Mixed Marriages

What Pope Pius XI Says on Mixed Marriages. The religious character of marriage, its sublime signification of grace, and the union between Christ and the Church evidently requires that those about to marry should show a holy reverence towards it and zealously endeavor to make their marriage approach as nearly as possible to the archetype of Christ and the Church

Contradictions of slate formation resolved?

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/62973/1/392348a0.pd

Syntectonic mobility of supergene nickel ores of New Caledonia (Southwest Pacific). Evidence from faulted regolith and garnierite veins.

International audienceSupergene nickel deposits of New Caledonia that have been formed in the Neogene by weathering of obducted ultramafic rocks are tightly controlled by fracture development. The relationship of tropical weathering and tectonic structures, faults and tension gashes, have been investigated in order to determine whether fractures have play a passive role only, as previously thought; or alternatively, if brittle tectonics was acting together with alteration. From the observation of time-relationship, textures, and mineralogy of various fracture fills and fault gouges, it may be unambiguously established that active faulting has play a prominent role not only in facilitating drainage and providing room for synkinematic crystallisation of supergene nickel silicate, but also in mobilising already formed sparse nickel ore, giving birth to the very high grade ore nicknamed "green gold"

Fracking in the UK press: threat dynamics in an unfolding debate

Shale gas is a novel source of fossil fuel which is extracted by induced hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking”. This article examines the socio-political dimension of fracking as manifested in the UK press at three key temporal points in the debate on the practice. Three newspaper corpora were analysed qualitatively using Thematic Analysis and Social Representations Theory. Three overarching themes are discussed: “April–May 2011: From Optimism to Scepticism”; “November 2011: (De-)Constructing and Re-Constructing Risk and Danger”; “April 2012: Consolidating Social Representations of Fracking”. In this article, we examine the emergence of and inter-relations between competing social representations, discuss the dynamics of threat positioning and show how threat can be re-construed in order to serve particular socio-political ends in the debate on fracking

Fracture-fill calcite as a record of microbial methanogenesis and fluid migration: a case study from the Devonian Antrim Shale, Michigan Basin

The Devonian Antrim Shale is an organic-rich, naturally fractured black shale in the Michigan Basin that serves as both a source and reservoir for natural gas. A well-developed network of major, through-going vertical fractures controls reservoir-scale permeability in the Antrim Shale. Many fractures are open, but some are partially sealed by calcite cements that retain isotopic evidence of widespread microbial methanogenesis. Fracture filling calcite displays an unusually broad spectrum of δ 13 C values (+34 to −41‰ PDB), suggesting that both aerobic and anaerobic bacterial processes were active in the reservoir. Calcites with high δ 13 C values (>+15‰) record cementation of fractures from dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) generated during bacterial methanogenesis. Calcites with low δ 13 C values (<−32‰) are solely associated with outcrop samples and record methane oxidation during cement precipitation. Fracture-fill calcite with δ 13 C values between −10 and −30‰ can be attributed to variable organic matter oxidation pathways, methane oxidation, and carbonate rock buffering. Identification of 13 C-rich calcite provides unambiguous evidence of biogenic methane generation and may be used to identify gas deposits in other sedimentary basins. It is likely that repeated glacial advances and retreats exposed the Antrim Shale at the basin margin, enhanced meteoric recharge into the shallow part of the fractured reservoir, and initiated multiple episodes of bacterial methanogenesis and methanotrophic activity that were recorded in fracture-fill cements. The δ 18 O values in both formation waters and calcite cements increase with depth in the basin (−12 to −4‰ SMOW, and +21 to +27‰ PDB, respectively). Most fracture-fill cements from outcrop samples have δ 13 C values between −41 and −15‰ PDB. In contrast, most cement in cores have δ 13 C values between +15 and +34‰ PDB. Radiocarbon and 230 Th dating of fracture-fill calcite indicates that the calcite formed between 33 and 390 ka, well within the Pleistocene Epoch.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75720/1/j.1468-8123.2002.00036.x.pd

Stress Field Interactions Between Overlapping Shield Volcanoes : Borehole Breakout Evidence From the Island of Hawai'i, USA

Acknowledgments: This PTA2 borehole investigation was funded by the International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) and by VMAPP (Volcanic Margin Petroleum Prospectivity) project (VBPR/DougalEARTH/TGS) in collaboration with the Humu'ula Groundwater Research Project. D. A. J. and S. P. are partly funded through a Norwegian Research Council Centres of Excellence project (project number 223272, CEED). We thank Marco Groh for the logging operations. We thank two anonymous reviewers for the comments and suggestions. We are particularly grateful to the Associate Editor Mike Poland for his valuable comments and his critical review that greatly improved the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD