66 research outputs found

    Neutron imaging with fission and thermal neutrons at NECTAR at MLZ

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    The instrument NECTAR is located at beam port SR10 of the neutron source FRM II at the Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ). With a pair of moveable uranium plates placed in front of the entrance window of the beam tube, a fission neutron spectrum with a mean energy of 1.9 MeV can be used for neutron imaging applications. Via remote control these plates can be removed and a thermal neutron spectrum (mean energy at 28 meV) gets available for experiments. While the fission neutron spectrum is regularly used, some upgrades of the instrument are necessary to make the thermal neutron spectrum routinely available for user experiments. This includes additional equipment like a new sample stage and a second detector system foreseen to extend the capabilities of NECTAR. The current state of the instrumentation and necessary changes for the future thermal beam option and its usage for standard user experiments will be presented. First measurements were carried out with a temporary flight tube installed and a compact detector (510 mm × 180 mm x 180 mm) for thermal neutrons with a spatial resolution in the range of 100 ÎŒm. The feasibility of the thermal beam option could already be verified at an L/D ratio of 240 and a thermal neutron flux of 7.92·106 cm−2 s−1. The thermal neutron beam option adds a pure thermal neutron spectrum – Maxwell spectrum originating from the moderator without alteration by a secondary source or converter – to the energy ranges available for neutron imaging at MLZ instruments. It also offers a unique possibility to combine two quite different neutron energy ranges at a single instrument including their respective advantages. The thermal neutron beam option is funded by BMBF in the frame of research project 05K16VK3

    The Arabidopsis protein phosphatase PP2C38 negatively regulates the central immune kinase BIK1

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    Plants recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via cell surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to PRR-triggered immunity (PTI). The Arabidopsis cytoplasmic kinase BIK1 is a downstream substrate of several PRR complexes. How plant PTI is negatively regulated is not fully understood. Here, we identify the protein phosphatase PP2C38 as a negative regulator of BIK1 activity and BIK1-mediated immunity. PP2C38 dynamically associates with BIK1, as well as with the PRRs FLS2 and EFR, but not with the co-receptor BAK1. PP2C38 regulates PAMP-induced BIK1 phosphorylation and impairs the phosphorylation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHD by BIK1, leading to reduced oxidative burst and stomatal immunity. Upon PAMP perception, PP2C38 is phosphorylated on serine 77 and dissociates from the FLS2/EFR-BIK1 complexes, enabling full BIK1 activation. Together with our recent work on the control of BIK1 turnover, this study reveals another important regulatory mechanism of this central immune component

    Scorpion incidents, misidentification cases and possible implications for the final interpretation of results

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    Lista das espécies de aranhas (Arachnida, Araneae) do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil

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    A taxonomic bibliography of the South American snakes of the Crotalus durissus complex (Serpentes, Viperidae)

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    Untersuchung von Kunststoffen fĂŒr die Verpackung von Lebensmitteln und Arzneimitteln mit Hilfe der Superkritischen Fluid-Extraktion und -Chromatographie sowie eines Bewertungsverfahrens fĂŒr die spezifische Migration

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    Die Arbeit befaßt sich mit der Untersuchung der migrierfĂ€higen Stoffe aus Kunststoffverpackungen fĂŒr Lebensmittel und Arzneimittel und deren Bewertung. Zur Untersuchung der Gesamtmenge migrierfĂ€higer Stoffe wurde eine neue Extraktionsmethode mit superkritischem Kohlendioxid als Extraktionsmittel (Global-SFE) angewendet, bei der der Extrakt direkt mit einem Flammenionisationsdetektor (FID) detektiert wird. Mit dieser Methode wurden Folien und BedarfsgegenstĂ€nde aus dem Lebensmittelbereich extrahiert. Diese Materialien wurden mit einem ĂŒblichen Schnellextraktionsverfahren untersucht und eine Globalmigrationsbestimmung durchgefĂŒhrt. Aus dem pharmazeutischen Verpackungsbereich wurden ebenfalls Materialien ausgewĂ€hlt und einer Global-SFE unterzogen. Die PrĂŒfung auf hexanlösliche Substanzen des DAB 10 und die Bestimmung des nichtflĂŒchtigen RĂŒckstandes nach USP XXIII wurde an BehĂ€ltnissen fĂŒr ophthalmologische Zubereitungen durchgefĂŒhrt
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