327 research outputs found
Trivial improvements of predictive skill due to direct reconstruction of global carbon cycle
State-of-the-art carbon cycle prediction systems are initialized from reconstruction simulations in which state variables of the climate system are assimilated. While currently only the physical state variables are assimilated, biogeochemical state variables adjust to the state acquired through this assimilation indirectly instead of being assimilated themselves. In the absence of comprehensive biogeochemical reanalysis products, such approach is pragmatic. Here we evaluate a potential advantage of having perfect carbon cycle observational products to be used for direct carbon cycle reconstruction. Within an idealized perfect-model framework, we define 50 years of a control simulation under pre-industrial CO2 levels as our target representing observations. We nudge variables from this target onto arbitrary initial conditions 150 years later mimicking an assimilation simulation generating initial conditions for hindcast experiments of prediction systems. We investigate the tracking performance, i.e. bias, correlation and root-mean-square-error between the reconstruction and the target, when nudging an increasing set of atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial variables with a focus on the global carbon cycle explaining variations in atmospheric CO2. We compare indirect versus direct carbon cycle reconstruction against a resampled threshold representing internal variability. Afterwards, we use these reconstructions to initialize ensembles to assess how well the target can be predicted after reconstruction. Interested in the ability to reconstruct global atmospheric CO2, we focus on the global carbon cycle reconstruction and predictive skill. We find that indirect carbon cycle reconstruction through physical fields reproduces the target variations on a global and regional scale much better than the resampled threshold. While reproducing the large scale variations, nudging introduces systematic regional biases in the physical state variables, on which biogeochemical cycles react very sensitively. Global annual surface oceanic pCO2 initial conditions are indirectly reconstructed with an anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) of 0.8 and debiased root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.3βppm. Direct reconstruction slightly improves initial conditions in ACC by +0.1 and debiased RMSE by β0.1βppm. Indirect reconstruction of global terrestrial carbon cycle initial conditions for vegetation carbon pools track the target by ACC of 0.5 and debiased RMSE of 0.5βPgC. Direct reconstruction brings negligible improvements for air-land CO2 flux. Global atmospheric CO2 is indirectly tracked by ACC of 0.8 and debiased RMSE of 0.4βppm. Direct reconstruction of the marine and terrestrial carbon cycles improves ACC by 0.1 and debiased RMSE by β0.1βppm. We find improvements in global carbon cycle predictive skill from direct reconstruction compared to indirect reconstruction. After correcting for mean bias, indirect and direct reconstruction both predict the target similarly well and only moderately worse than perfect initialization after the first lead year. Our perfect-model study shows that indirect carbon cycle reconstruction yields satisfying initial conditions for global CO2 flux and atmospheric CO2. Direct carbon cycle reconstruction adds little improvements in the global carbon cycle, because imperfect reconstruction of the physical climate state impedes better biogeochemical reconstruction. These minor improvements in initial conditions yield little improvement in initialized perfect-model predictive skill. We label these minor improvements due to direct carbon cycle reconstruction trivial, as mean bias reduction yields similar improvements. As reconstruction biases in real-world prediction systems are even stronger, our results add confidence to the current practice of indirect reconstruction in carbon cycle prediction systems
ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Enterobacteriaceae
A high level of antibiotic resistance of representatives of Escherichia, Proteus, Klebsiella, Shigella and Salmonella genus makes urgent and prospective the search of new substances that are active in relation to these microorganisms. For the first time the antibacterial activity of lipophilic complexes of biologically active substances (BAS) from bedstraw species of the Ukrainian flora in relation to 11 test strains of Enterobacteriaceae family has been found. The lipophilic complex of Galium cruciata herb (Cruciata laevipez) revealed the highest activity against the test cultures. Microorganisms of Escherichia, Klebsiella and Salmonella genus were highly sensitive (MIC was 31.25 ΞΌg/ml; MBC was 62.5 ΞΌg/ml), test strains of Proteus and Shigella showed a moderate sensitivity to this lipophilic complex (MIC β 125 ΞΌg/ml; MBC β 250 ΞΌg/ml). All the test strains revealed a low sensitivity to the lipophilic complexes of BAS from Galium verum and Galium salicifolium herbs. The range of microorganisms sensitivity can be an indirect argument for systematic transfer of cruciform bedstraw to Cruciata genus under the name of Cruciata laevipez.Β ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅- ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² (ΠΠΠ) Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ 11 ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° Entero-bacteriaceae. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΡ Π³Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ). Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Escherichia, Klebsiella ΠΈ Salmonella ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Proteus ΠΈ Shigella β ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΠΠ ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ. ΠΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΠΌ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Β«ΠΡΡΡΠΈΠ°ΡΠ° Π³Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΒ».ΠΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΠΠ ) Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ 11 ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ² ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Enterobacteriaceae. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΈΠ² Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΠΊΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΡ). ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ² Escherichia, Klebsiella ΡΠ° Salmonella Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Proteus ΡΠ° Shigella β ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ. ΠΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΎ Π»ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΠΠ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ½ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΠ³ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ Π½Π°Π·Π²ΠΎΡ Β«ΠΡΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π³Π»Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΊΠ°Β»
Results of investigation of muon fluxes of superhigh energy cosmic rays with X-ray emulsion chambers
The overall data from the investigation of the cosmic ray muon flux in the range of zenith angles (0-90) deg within the energy range (3.5 to 5.0) TeV is presented. The exposure of large X-ray emulsion chambers underground was 1200 tons. year. The data were processe using the method which was applied in the experiment Pamir and differred from the earlier applied one. The obtained value of a slope power index of the differential energy spectrum of the global muon flux is =3.7 that corresponds to the slope of the pion generation differential spectrum, gamma sub PI = 2.75 + or - .04. The analysis of the muon zenith-angular distribution showed that the contribution of rapid generation muons in the total muon flux agree the best with the value .2% and less with .7% at a 90% reliability level
Increase in Arctic coastal erosion and its sensitivity to warming in the twenty-first century
Arctic coastal erosion damages infrastructure, threatens coastal communities and releases organic carbon from permafrost. However, the magnitude, timing and sensitivity of coastal erosion increase to global warming remain unknown. Here we project the Arctic-mean erosion rate to increase and very likely exceed its historical range of variability before the end of the century in a wide range of emission scenarios. The sensitivity of erosion to warming roughly doubles, reaching 0.4β0.8 m yrβ1 Β°Cβ1 and 2.3β4.2 TgC yrβ1 Β°Cβ1 by the end of the century. We develop a simplified semi-empirical model to produce twenty-first-century pan-Arctic coastal erosion rate projections. Our results will inform policymakers on coastal conservation and socioeconomic planning, and organic carbon flux projections lay out the path for future work to investigate the impact of Arctic coastal erosion on the changing Arctic Ocean, its role as a global carbon sink, and the permafrostβcarbon feedback. Β© 2022, The Author(s)
ΠΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Veronica teucrium L.
Aim. To compare and study low molecular aliphatic, fatty and aromatic acids of phenolic complexes (PhC) obtained from V. teucrium L. flowers, leaves and rhizomes using chromatography-mass spectrometry.Materials and methods. Phenolic complexes from flowers, leaves and rhizomes were obtained by the exhaustive circulating extraction method in a Soxhlet apparatus. The analysis of methyl esters of acids was performed on a 5973N/6890N MSD/DS Agilent Technologies (USA) chromatograph using the chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The sample injection in a HP-INNOWAX (0.25 mm Γ 30 m) chromatographic capillary column was performed by a splitless mode. Identification of methyl esters of acids was performed based on the calculation of the equivalent length of the aliphatic chain (ECL) using data from the mass spectra libraries NIST 05 and Willey 2007 in combination with programs for identifying AMDIS and NIST; the retention time of esters was also compared with the retention time of standard compounds (Sigma). The internal standard method was used for quantitative calculations.Results and discussion. As the result of our study low molecular aliphatic, fatty and aromatic acids have been identified in phenolic complexes of V. teucrium L. flowers, leaves and rhizomes for the first time, their quantitative content is as follows: 2.34 % β in the complex from flowers, 2.78 % β in the complex from leaves, and 2.10 % β in the complex from rhizomes. In the phenolic complex from flowers low molecular aliphatic acids (malonic, levulinic, succinic, 3-hydroxy-2-methylglutaric); fatty acids (palmitic and linolenic); aromatic acids (vanillic, Ρ-coumaric and phydroxybenzoic) prevail. The dominant compounds in the phenolic complex from leaves are low molecular aliphatic acids (malonic, levulinic, succinic, 3-hydroxy-2-methylglutaric, malic); fatty acids (palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic); and aromatic acid (ferulic). In the phenolic complex from rhizomes low molecular aliphatic acids (levulinic, succinic, malic); fatty acids (palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic); aromatic acids (veratric, vanillic, syringic, ferulic) dominate.Conclusions. As the result of our study for the first time the following components have been identified in phenolic complexes: 40 low molecular aliphatic, fatty and aromatic acids β from flowers, 39 β from leaves, 38 β from rhizomes. The content of carboxylic acids in phenolic complexes is 2.34 % β from flowers, 2.78 % β from leaves, 2.10 % β from rhizomes. It has been found that the herbal drug of V. teucrium L. is a source of valuable biologically active acids with different pharmacological effect.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ (V. teucrium L.).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ 5973N/6890N MSD/DS Agilent Technologies (USA). ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Ρ Π² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ HP-INNOWAX (0,25 ΠΌΠΌ Γ 30 ΠΌ) ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ splitless. ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΈ (ECL) Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ² NIST 05 ΠΈ Willey 2007 Π² ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ AMDIS ΠΈ NIST; ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (Sigma). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ°.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅, ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅: Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² 2,34 %, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β 2,78 %, Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 2,10 %. Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, 3-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ); ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ); Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏ-ΠΊΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΏ-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°Ρ). Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, 3-Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ); ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ); Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° (ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ). Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ½ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ, ΡΠ±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ); ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Ρ, Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ); Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ, ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ).ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
: ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β 40 Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
, ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β 39, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 38. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ: ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² 2,34 %, ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β 2,78 %, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 2,10 %. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½Π΅ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Π΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π· ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ (V. teucrium L.).ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π· ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ Π² Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π‘ΠΎΠΊΡΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡ 5973N/6890N MSD/DS Agilent Technologies (USA). ΠΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π² Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΏΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡ HP-INNOWAX (0,25 ΠΌΠΌ Γ 30 ΠΌ) ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ splitless. ΠΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡ Π΅ΠΊΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΆΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π°Π½ΡΡΠ³Π° (ECL) Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠ±Π»ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Ρ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ² NIST 05 Ρ Willey 2007 Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ AMDIS Ρ NIST; ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ²Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ (Sigma). ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π½ΡΡΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ, ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡ
ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ: Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ 2,34 %, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ β 2,78 %, Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 2,10 %. Π£ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°,Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, 3-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ»Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°); ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π° Ρ Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°); Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΏ-ΠΊΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΏ-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠΉΠ½Π°). Π£ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, 3-Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈ-2-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ½Π°); ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°, Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°); Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° (ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°). Π£ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (Π»Π΅Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π±ΡΡΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΠ±Π»ΡΡΠ½Π°); ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (ΠΏΠ°Π»ΡΠΌΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΡΠ΅Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°, Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°); Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ (Π²Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°, Π²Π°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°, Π±ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°, ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π°). Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β Β ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
: Π· ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ 40 Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
, ΠΆΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, Π· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ 39, Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ 38. ΠΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ: Π· ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ 2,34 %, Π· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ 2,78 %, Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ 2,10 %. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΆΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ Π· ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄ΡΡΡ
The modulating effect of coat color mutations on the generation and neutralization of reactive oxygen species in the Πmerican mink (Neovison vison) as a model
The influence of gene mutations encoding coat color onΒ parameters of reactive oxygen species (RO S)Β generationΒ and neutralization in six organs of the mink (NeovisonΒ vison) was evaluated. The study was conducted withΒ standard dark brown (+/+), monorecessive royal pastel (b/b)Β and silver-blue (Ρ/Ρ), and direcessive sapphire (a/a Ρ/Ρ)Β mutant minks. It was found that the functioning of bothΒ RO S generation and neutralization systems was genotypespecific.Β The direcessive sapphire (a/a Ρ/Ρ) combinationΒ induced high levels of antioxidant enzymesβ activities asΒ well as of thiobarbituric acid-reactive products (TBΠ-RPs),Β characterizing lipid peroxidation level. In heart tissue,Β coat color mutations exerted modulating effects on bothΒ RO S generation and the level of low-molecular-weightΒ antioxidants. The royal pastel (b/b) genotype showedΒ the highest level of RO S generation, and the sapphireΒ (a/a Ρ/Ρ), the lowest (statistically significant differenceΒ from standard). Coat color mutations modulate the dintensityΒ of RO S generation and neutralizationΒ in lung tissue.Β On the one hand, royal pastel (b/b) in comparison withΒ standard dark brown (+/+) decreases the total level of RO SΒ generation, and on the other hand, it increases the levelΒ of generation of superoxide anion-radicals. Cluster analysis,Β presented in a combined dendrogram, showed thatΒ royal pastel (b/b) and sapphire (a/a Ρ/Ρ) minks, the farthestΒ from standard (+/+), had the greatest modulating effects.Β It is reasonable to suggest that such effects contributedΒ to the genetic plasticity of American mink in the courseΒ of colonization of North America and then during minkΒ introduction in Northern Eurasia and South America
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ-ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ, ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ Π’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ§ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ£ ΠΠΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ Π₯ΠΠΠ£ Π Π‘Π£ΠΠ‘Π¬ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π
In the Sumy region recorded 4 species opistorhid: Opisthorchis felineus, Pseudamphistomum truncatum, Metorchis bilis Ρ Metorchis xanthosomus. Established that cell opistorhidoziv in terms of the study area are linked primarily to small rivers. Marit opistorhid in natural ecosystems Sumy region recorded 5 species of carnivorous mammals. In Sumy region anthropogenic ecosystems leading role in the circulation opistorhid play house cats. The assessment of infection carp fish metatserkariyamy opistorhid. Established that dominant in terms of infection and accumulation metatserkariy opistorhid are 3 types of fish, carp, roach, bleak and scardinius. Opisthorchiasis runs mostly latent. On the manifest forms of the disease is often cholecystitis (78.6 %). Π ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ (78,6 %). A key role in the diagnosis of chronic opisthorchiasis has koproovoskopiya (100 %). Risk groups constitute fishermen and their families (71.9 %). The main factor of transmission is salted and dried fish.ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π‘ΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ 4Β Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΄: Opisthorchis felineus, PseudamphistoΒmum truncatum, Metorchis bilis Ρ Metorchis xanthosomus. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ² Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ, Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ³Ρ, Π΄ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Ρ 5 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² ΠΌβΡΡΠΎΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΡΠ². Π Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
Π‘ΡΠΌΡΡΠΊΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ Π²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠ° Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ± ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΄. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π· ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π·ΠΎΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΡΠ΄ Ρ 3 Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ±: ΠΏΠ»ΡΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³Π°Ρ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΉΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ (78,6 %). ΠΠΈΡΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ
ΠΎΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ (100 %). ΠΡΡΠΏΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΊΡ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ±Π°Π»ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΌΠ΅ΠΉ (71,9 %). ΠΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ° Π²βΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ±Π°
ΠΠ Π£Π¦ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠ Π£ Π‘Π£Π§ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ Π£ΠΠΠΠΠ₯
The aim of the study β to analyze the epidemiological features of brucellosis, prevalence, morbidity of the population, clinical course, diagnostics in nowadays in Ukraine and other countries on the basis of actual liΒterature data.Results. The research was carried out and the data on the morbidity of brucellosis of farm animals and humans in Ukraine and other countries were presented. The increase in the incidence of brucellosis in the population is due to the epizootic process in private farms as a consequence of the weakening of veterinary control. In Ukraine, for almost 25 years, brucellosis of farm animals is not recorded. Among individuals, isolated cases of brucellosis have been confirmed. The epidemiology of ailments has been changed under the influence of moΒdern socio-economic factors and migration processes, as well as the discovery of new species of brucellosis and their natural reservoirs. The formation of disease cells in areas previously free of brucellosis, as a result of transboundary infection.ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ: Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΒΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ, ΠΊΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ³, Π΄ΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ° Π½Π°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ· ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Π² Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ· Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ²βΡΠ·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π· Π΅ΠΏΡΠ·ΠΎΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Ρ
ΡΠΊ Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ. Π Π£ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΠΉΠΆΠ΅ 25 ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ· ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½. Π‘Π΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊΡ Π·Π°Π²Π΅Π·Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ. ΠΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΅ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΠΌΡΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΊΡΠΈΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π» ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·Π΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ². ΠΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΡΠ² Ρ
Π²ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
, ΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΡΠ΄ Π±ΡΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΎΠ·Ρ, Π²Π½Π°ΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠΊ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π· ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Galium verum L.) ΡΠ° ΡΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ
Aim. To obtain and study the qualitative composition and the content of the main groups of biologically active substances (BAS) of fluid extracts (FEs) of Galium verum L. herb and to assess their antibacterial activity.Materials and methods. FEs of Galium verum L. herb were obtained by three-fold water extraction or ethanol (20Β %, 60 %, 96 %) extraction of the raw material when heating, followed by the concentration of the combined extracts. Phenolic compounds of FEs were studied by the methods of paper and thin-layer chromatography, and spectrophotometry. The content of polysaccharides was determined gravimetrically. The antibacterial activity of FEs was determined in vitro by the agar diffusion method.Results and discussion. The chromatographic study of FEs of Galium verumΒ L. herb revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid and rutin in all FEs, the fluid 96 % ethanol extract contains chlorogenic acid, cyanoside, quercetin and rutin. Hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids and the amount of phenolic compounds were quantified in all extracts, and polysaccharides were determined in the aqueous extract and 20 % ethanol extract. When studying the antimicrobial activity of FEs it has been found that the fluid 96 % ethanol extract exhibits the highest activity. Bacillus subtilis was the most susceptible to all the extracts under study. Proteus vulgaris showed insignificant sensitivity to the test concentration of fluid extracts obtained with water and 60 % ethanol. The rest of the microorganism test strains used were sufficiently sensitive to the FEs under study.Conclusions. The results obtained indicate the prospects of further in-depth study of the antimicrobial activity of fluid extracts of Galium verumΒ L. herb in order to develop antibacterial agents on their basis.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ (ΠΠΠ‘) ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΠ) ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ 20Β %, 60Β %, 96Β % ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ΅Π²Β» in vitro.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΠ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Ρ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½, ΠΠ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° 96Β % ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π° ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡΒ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄, ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΡΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² β Π² Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌ (20Β % ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ») ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ 96Β % ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°. ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΡΡ Bacillus subtilis. ΠΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΠ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ 60Β % ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Π°, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π» Proteus vulgaris. ΠΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΠ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ².ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π³ΡΡΠΏ Π±ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ (ΠΠΠ ) Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠΈΡ
(ΠΠ ) ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ Π°Π±ΠΎ 20Β %, 60Β %, 96Β % Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΆΠΎΠΊ. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π³ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠ½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Β«ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Β» in vitro.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΠ ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΡΡ
ΠΠ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΡ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½; ΠΠ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡ 96Β % Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΈΡΡ Ρ
Π»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ, ΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄, ΠΊΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½ Ρ ΡΡΡΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡ, ΡΠ»Π°Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΄ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊ Π² ΡΡΡΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ² β Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠΏΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΌΡ (20Β %) Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π Π Π²ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ 96Β % Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΉΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠΌ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ²ΡΡ Bacillus subtilis. ΠΠ΅Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΠ , ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΡΠ° 60Β % Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π² Proteus vulgaris. Π Π΅ΡΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡ-ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΄ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΠ .ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ Π· ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΆΠ½ΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±Π°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²
ΠΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Ρ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ (Veronica teucrium L
Aim. To determine and study the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of polysaccharide complexes (PsC of V.Β teucrium flowers, leaves and rhizomes, as well as their effect on the transformation and functional activity of macrophages and their hematogenic precursors.Materials and methods. The PsC of V.Β teucrium flowers, leaves and rhizomes were obtained by multiple extraction of the plant raw material with water when heating and with the subsequent concentration of combined extracts and their precipitation. Monosaccharides of PsC hydrolyzates were studied by the methods of paper chromatography and spectrophotometry. The immunomodulatory activity of PsC of V.Β teucrium flowers, leaves and rhizomes was studied in vitro in the reaction of macrophage transformation of mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood.Results and discussion. The yield of the complexes is as follows: in flowers β 8.40 %, in leaves β 5.30Β %, in rhizomes β 1.95Β %. The qualitative composition and the quantitative content of monosaccharides in the complexes have been determined, and the hydrolysis kinetics of the components has been studied. The results of the in vitro study of the effect of PsC of V.Β teucrium flowers, leaves and rhizomes on transformation and the functional activity of immune competent cells of the peripheral blood are presented.Conclusions. The yield of polysaccharide complexes of V.Β teucrium is as follows: in flowers β 8.40 %, in leavesΒ β 5.30Β %, in rhizomes β 1.95Β %. Monosaccharides of PsC in flowers are presented by galactose, glucose, fructose, arabinose and xylose; in leaves β by glucose and arabinose, there is galactose, fructose, xylose in a minor amount; in rhizomes there is mainly glucose. It has been found that the optimal time for hydrolysis for PsC in flowers and leaves is 60Β min; in rhizomes β 150Β min. It has been determined that the PsC studied in the dose of 50Β ΞΌg/ml maximally stimulate the functional activity of immune competent cells; the PsC of V.Β teucrium flowers in the dose range from 5 to 100 ΞΌg/ml possesses the more expressed immunomodulatory activity.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ β ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΠ΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠΌΠ°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ in vitro Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Π°ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ: ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β 8,40 %, ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β 5,30 %, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 1,95 %. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΊΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ in vitro Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ², Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΠ· ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ: ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² β 8,40 %, ΠΈΠ· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β 5,30 %, ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 1,95 %. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠ° ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ, ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ, Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ; Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°; ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠ΅Π² β 60 ΠΌΠΈΠ½; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β- 150Β ΠΌΠΈΠ½. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 50 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ; ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π°Ρ
ΠΎΡ 5 Π΄ΠΎ 100 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ».ΠΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ β ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² (ΠΠ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΡ
Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ Ρ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΡ
Π³Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ².ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ. ΠΠ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ, ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π°Π³ΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π· Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±βΡΠ΄Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΠΆΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ°Π΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΊΡΠΈ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΡ ΠΠ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ. ΠΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ in vitro Π·Π° ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°Π³Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅Π°ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠ° ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±Π³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ: Π· ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ β 8,40Β %, Π· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ β 5,30Β %, Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 1,95Β %. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π²ΠΌΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°Ρ
, Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ°Π²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ in vitro Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ, Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΉΠ½Ρ ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ.ΠΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ. ΠΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠ² Π· ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ: Π· ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ β 8,40Β %, Π· Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΒ β 5,30Β %, Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 1,95Β %. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΊΡΠΈ ΠΠ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ, Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ, ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ, Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ; Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ β Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ ΡΠ° Π°ΡΠ°Π±ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ, Π² ΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½Ρ: Π³Π°Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ·Π°; ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡ. ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠ½ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ° Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ β 60Β Ρ
Π²; Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ β 150Β Ρ
Π². ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ 50Β ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½; ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠ²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ»ΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π΄ΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ 5 Π΄ΠΎ 100Β ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ»
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